1、专业英语八级(生活类英译汉)模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 Perhaps this tells us that people need to know one another to be at their honest best. The vast majority of Americans still believe that honesty is an important part of the American chara
2、cter. For that reason, there are numerous watch-dog committees at all levels of society. Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty? There is some evide
3、nce that dishonesty may ebb and flow. When times are hard, incidents of theft and cheating usually go up. And when times get better such incidents tend to go down. Cheating in school also tends to ebb and flow. But it doesnt seem linked to the economy. Many educators feel that as students gain confi
4、dence in themselves and their abilities, they are less likely to cheat. Surprisingly, some efforts to prevent cheating may actually encourage cheating a person may feel “they dont trust me anyway.“ and be tempted to “beat the system.“ Distrust can be contagious. But, so can trust! 2 Until recently d
5、aydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies, and habitual daydreaming was regarded as evidence of maladjustment or an escape from lifes realities and responsibilities. It was believed that habitual daydreaming would eventually distance people from s
6、ociety and reduce their effectiveness in coping with real problems. At its best, daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life. As with anything carried to excess, daydreaming can be harmful. There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards
7、 of real activity. But such extremes are relatively rare, and there is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. We are now beginning to learn how valuable it really is and that when individuals are completely preve
8、nted from daydreaming, their emotional balance can be disturbed. Not only are they less able to deal with the pressures of day-to-day existence, but also their self-control and self-direction become endangered. Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life and that a certain amoun
9、t each day is essential for maintaining equilibrium. Daydreaming, science has discovered, is an effective relaxation technique. But its beneficial effects go beyond this. Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth, powers of concentration, and the ability to i
10、nteract and communicate with others. 3 High Risk, High Reward These are tough times for Wal-Mart, Americas biggest retailer. Long accused of implementing Always Low Prices(ALP) and condemned for the stinginess of its pay, the company has lately come under fire for its meanness over employees health-
11、care benefits. The charge is arguably unfair: the firms health coverage, while admittedly less extensive than the average for big companies, is on a par with other retailers. But bad publicity, coupled with rising costs, has stirred the Bentonville giant to action. Wal-Mart is making changes that sh
12、ould shift the ground in Americas health-care debate. One strategy is to slash the prices of many generic, or out-of-patent, prescription drugs. Wal-Mart recently announced that its Florida stores would sell a list of some 300 generic drugs at $4 for a months supply; other states will follow. That i
13、s above cost but far less than the prices charged by many pharmacy chains, which get profits from fat margins on generics . 4 The old man would surely be proud. This week some 300 representatives, from 35 different countries, gathered in Beijings Great Hall of the People for the first-ever Confucius
14、 Institute conference. This was no philosophical pow-wow, but the worlds largest-ever conference on teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Confucius Institutes are Chinas answer to the Alliance Francaise, Germanys Goethe Institute and the British Council, and officials hope they will help meet a gr
15、owing global demand for Chinese-language education.Confucius Institutes have got off to a roaring start. The first was established in Tashkent in Uzbekistan in June 2004, the 75th in Cracow in Poland exactly two years later. No other Chinese international franchise has done as well. Officially, they
16、 are overseen by Hanban, the agency charged by the Education Ministry with promoting the teaching of Chinese overseas. But Hanbans staff of only around 50 can barely cope with the volume of applications, on top of its other duties which include administering Hanyu Shuipin Kaoshi, the standard test o
17、f proficiency in Chinese. 专业英语八级(生活类英译汉)模拟试卷 1答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 也许这就告诉我们,人们需要相互认识以达到最诚实的境界。 绝大多数的美国人 仍然认为诚实是美国人性格中一个重要的组成部分。正因为如此,社会各阶层有为数不少的监督委虽会。近年来学校、商界和政应部门中的舞弊行为比过去增加了许多,但这会不会是因为我们越来越善于揭露此类欺行为的缘故呢 ? 有些证据表明,舞弊行为可涨可落
18、。当时事艰难时,盗窃和骗行为便有上涨趋势。当形势好转时,这类事件就会减少。学校中的作弊现象,往往也起起落落。但它与经济似乎没有什么联系。 许多教育家声称,如果学生们对于自己以及自己的能力有了信心,他们就不太可能作弊了。令人惊奇的是,某 些防止作弊的努力反而可能促使学生作弊 个人可能会感到 “反正他们不信任我 !”于是便很想 “击败这个体制 ”。不信任是可以传染的。但,信任亦然 ! 【试题解析】 本篇选自斯塔西亚 -罗宾斯 (Stacia Robbins)的诚实:它正在过时吗 ? (Honesty: Is It Going Out of Style?)。文章从高中作弊行为上升这一问题开始反思,主
19、要论述美国诚实问题。所选片段生词较少,句子结构清晰,总体而言,翻译难度不大,但细节之处仍需注意。 1 划线部分第一段的第一句 “the vast majority of”相当于 “the large number of”、“the great majority of”,作 “绝大多数,绝大部分 ”解,后面直接接名词,不加任何定冠词。而 most of后面要加定冠词,再加名词。例: Most of the students on campus joined this campaign 2 第二句 “there areat all levels of society” 是典型的 there be句
20、型,在翻译时,为了符合汉语习惯,需适当调整语序。故译为 “社会各阶层 有为数不少的监督委员会。 ”。 3 “watch-dog committees”中形容词 “watchdog”解释为 “organized or acting as a watchful guardian, esp against unlawful practice(起监督作用的 )”,故“watchdog committees”在文中指 “监督委员会 ”。 4 第三句 “could it be that” 译为 “会不会是因为 ” ,这里是 that的一种特殊用法,说明某一事实的原因。例: It is not that w
21、e dont want to help you; it is that we are busy不是因为我们不想帮你,而是因为我们很忙。 5 第二段第一句 “ebb and flow”中 “ebb”解释为 “(of the tide)flow back from the land to the sea; grow less; become weak or faint(落潮;低落,衰退 )”;而 “flow”解释为 “(of the tide)come in; rise; run or spread smoothly(潮涨;上升;流 )”。故“ebb and flow”在此处译为 “可涨可落 ”。
22、 6 第三段最后一句 “be linked to”意思是 “与 有关联 ”,相当于 “be related with”或 “be connected to”。 7 “they are less likely to cheat”的句型结构为 “主语 +be+less+likely+to do” ,解释为 “某人不太可能会做某事 ”。拓展: Its less likely that :可能性非常小。例如: Its less likely that Europes problems will spread directly to Asias financial systems欧洲危机直接蔓延到亚洲金
23、融系统的可能性不大。 8 最后一段第二句 “be tempted to”的主动形式是 “tempt someone to do something”,解释为 “诱惑某人做某事 ”。 “be tempted to”本义为 “受诱惑做某事 ”,而由于汉语多为主动语态,故此处引申为 “想要 ”、 “试图 ”。 9 “Distrust can be contagious ”中 “contagious”本义为 “感染性的;会蔓延的 ”。 10最后一句 “so can trust”,由 so或 neither引导的句子常用倒装,表 “也 ” 。 【知识模块】 生活类英译汉 2 【正确答案】 直到最近白日做
24、梦通常被认为是浪费时间,或是患精神病的征兆。习惯性白日做梦被看作精神失调的证据或是对现实生活和责任的逃避。人们相信,习惯性白日做梦会使人远离社会,降低其处理现实问题的效率。就最好的情况来说,白日做梦被认为是代替生活现实的补偿品。 任何事情做得过分都可能有害 ,白日做梦也是一样。总有那么一些人,他们用想入非非的生活来代替实际活动得到的好处。但是这一类极端的情况极为罕见,愈来愈多的资料都能证明这样一种看法:大多数人的白日梦做得太少了,而不是太多了。现在我们才开始了解到它确实是多么有价值。当一个人被禁止做白日梦时,他们的感情平衡就可以被搅乱。不仅使他们更难以对付日常的生活压力,而且他们的自我控制和自
25、我定向也变得岌岌可危。 最近的研究表明,白日做梦是日常生活的一部分,每天做一定数量的白日梦对保持平衡是必不可少的。科学已经发现白日梦是一种有效的消遣技巧。但它的有 利影响不只这一点,实验表明。自日梦特别有助于智力的发展,有助于全神贯注的能力和与人交往、交流的能力。 【试题解析】 让头脑畅想 (Let Your Mind Wander)是一篇优美的议论文,文章介绍了白日做梦的各种好处。白日做梦对人的身心健康有益,而且最终这一小小的廉价的时间投资最终带来的是一个更有创造性、更富想象力、更心满意足和更踌躇满志的个体。它常常使人更充分地意识到生活的紧张激烈,这当然大大有助于增加生活的兴奋和乐趣。 1
26、“a symptom of neurotic tendencies”: “neurotic tendencies”原意是 “神经质的趋势 ”,这里则译为 “患精神病的征兆 ”,因为中文里,患病一般搭配 “有 的征兆 ”而非 “有 的趋势 ”。 2 “habitual daydreaming”: “habitual”(习惯的,惯常的 ),词组译为 “习惯性白日做梦 ”。 3 “maladjustment”: “失调,适应不良 ”。 “mal-”这个前缀的意思是“badly,ill”。 4 “distancefrom ”:使疏远,使产生距离。 5 “at its best”:等同于 “at bes
27、t”,意思是 “充其量,至多 ”。 6 “a compensatory substitute for the real things in life”: “compensatory”(补偿的,补充的 ), “substitute for”(替代 )。全,丌 J原意足 “对现实生活的替代性补偿 ”,语句不通畅也不符合中文表达,因此将之稍加修改为 “代替生活现实的补偿品 ”。 7 “As with anything carried to excess daydreaming can be harmful ”: “as with” (正如,与 一样 ), “to excess”(过分,过多 ), “
28、carried”修饰“anything”,句子原意是 “正如任何事做得过多一样,白日做梦可能会有害 ”,但语句并不通畅,所以我们调整句子结构译为 “任何事情做得过分都可能有害,白日做梦也是一样。 ” 8 “fantasy lives”:虚幻的生活,想人非非的生活。 9 “the rewards of real activity”: “real activity”和前文的 “fantasy lives”相对应,即 “实际活动 ”, “rewards”原指 “回报,奖励 ”,这里则处理为: “好处 ”。词组译为 “实际活动得到的好处 ”。 10 “a growing body of evidenc
29、e”: a(large)body of意思是 “大量、大批、大块、大片 ”, a growing body of相当于 more and more(越来越多 ),词组译为 “越来越大的证据 (资料 )”。 11 “a lack of”:与后文的 “an excess of”相对应,前者的意思是 “ 的缺少 ”,后者则是 “ 的过多 ”。 12 “day-to-day existence”:相当于 “daily life”,即 “日常生活 ”。 13 “self-direction”:自我定向。 14 “equilibrium”:均衡,平衡。 15 “relaxation technique”:
30、 “relaxation”(放松,消遣 ),词组译为 “消遣技巧 ”。 16 “go beyond”:超过,超越。 17 “intellectual growth”:智力的发展。 【知识模块】 生活类英译汉 3 【正确答案】 不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹 对于美国最大的零售商沃尔玛而言,现在是困难时期。由于实行低价策略而把美国搞得土里土气,并且支付薪水也很 “抠 ”,该公司长期以来备受责难。最近它又因为在员工医疗保险待遇上的吝啬而遭到指责。有证据表明,这一指责是不公平的 尽管该公司医疗保险所涵盖的项目不及大公司平均水平,但与其他零售商相比都是一样的。 不过,由于舆论宣传不利,加之成本不断增长,这个位
31、于本顿维尔的巨无霸一气之下再也坐不住了。沃尔玛的改革将会把人们讨论的话题转移到对美国医疗保险制度的争论之上。 策略之一就是对许多普通类 (或非专利类 )处方药品进行大减价。沃尔玛最近宣布,其在佛罗里达州的门店将把大约 300种药品按每月用量 4美元的价格出售,其他州的门店也将效仿这一做法。这一价格高于成本,但远远低于许多连锁药店的价格,而这些连锁药店就是从普通类药品高额的差价中获利的。 【试题解析】 这篇文章节选自经济学人 (The Economist),有改动,文章重点探讨了美国最大的零售商沃尔玛的一系列改革带来的美国医疗改革论战。 1 对于题目的翻译,借鉴歌曲真心英雄的歌词, High r
32、isk, high reward译为 “不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹 ”。 2 long accused of implementing ,注意句序的调整和意群的分割, “由于 并且 该公司长期以来备受责难 ”。 3 under fire: under attack(遭到攻击 ),这里的 come under fire引申为 “遭到批评指责 ”,例如, come under heavy criticism(遭到严厉的批评 )。 4 over employeeshealth-care benefits:在员工医疗保险待遇上。 5 coverage: inclusion within the scope
33、 of an insurance policy or protective plan(保险所涵盖的项目 ),故 health coverage译为 “医疗保险所涵盖的项目 ”。 6 on a par with:与 同等。 7 bad publicity:舆论宣传不利。 8 Bentonville为美国城市本顿维尔,沃尔玛总部所在地, the Bentonville giant代指零售商巨头沃尔玛公司。 9 slash the prices:大减价。 10 generic: a genetic product(as a drug),也可以作名词,表示药品。 11 fat margins:高额的差
34、价。 12 genetics:非专利药物 (术语 )。 【知识模块】 生活类英译汉 4 【正确答案】 孔老夫子肯定会感到自豪。本周,来自 35个国家的近 300名代表在北 京人民大会堂召开了首届孔子学院大会。这不是一次讨论哲学思想的会议,而是迄今为止最大的一次研究对外汉语教学的大会。孔子学院的意义如同法兰西联谊会、德国歌德学院和英国文化协会,中国官员希望它将有助于满足全球对汉语教学日益增长的需求。 孔子学院一开始发展就非常迅猛。第一所孔子学院于 2004年 6月在乌兹别克斯坦塔什干成立,短短两年后在波兰克拉科夫就成立了第 75所。目前中国还没有哪一家国际机构能与之媲美。这些孔子学院的官方主管部
35、门为国家汉办 (国家汉语国际推广领导小组办公室 ),后者是教育部下属机构,负责海外汉语 教学推广。不过,仅有 50名左右工作人员的汉办实在难以应付纷至沓来的办学申请,而且它还担负其他一些职责比如汉语水平考试管理。 【试题解析】 这篇文章节选自经济学人 (The Economist)。随着中国经济的高速发展,孔子学院日渐风靡全球,世界各国争相开办孔子学院的同时,也加深了对中国古典文化和价值观的理解。这篇文章记载了孔子学院的发展和办学情况。 1 The old man结合上下文,应当译为 “孔老夫子 ”。 2 some一词,做限定词使用时,表示 “约,大约 ”,例如, Some 2000 were
36、 present (大约有 2000人出席。 ),故 some 300 representatives译为 “近 300名代表 ”。 3 the first-ever Confucius Institute conference:首届孔子学院大会。 4 pow-wow: (北美印第安人 )议事会;会议,聚会。故 no philosophical pow-wow译为 “不是一次讨论哲学思想的会议 ”。 5 teaching Chinese as a foreign language:对外汉语教学 (对外汉语 )。 6 sbs answer to something: someone or som
37、ething that is considered to be just as good as amore famous person or thing(与 一样有名、出色 ”、 “具有与 等同的意义或重要性 ),故 Confucius Institutes are Chinas answer to the Alliance Franqaise, Germanys Goethe Institute and the British Council译为 “孔子学院的意义如同法兰两联谊会、德国歌德学院和英国文化协会 ”。 7 get off to a bad good start:开局不顺 /顺利。
38、 “Confucius Institutes have got off to a roaring start”译为 “孔子学院一开始发展就非常迅猛 ”。 8 charged by the Education Ministry with promoting the teaching of Chinese overseas:是教育部下属机构,负责海外汉 语教学推广。 9 barely cope with:实在难以应付。 10 Volume: a considerable quantity(数量巨大的 ),可用四字格表示为 “纷至沓来的 ”,故 the volume of applications译为 “纷至沓来的办学申请 ”。 11 on top of: in addition to (另外,紧接着 )。 【知识模块】 生活类英译汉