1、专业英语四级模拟试卷 645及答案与解析 一、 PART I DICTATION Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be
2、read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at A
3、NSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 1 Health women and children as well as me
4、n; prisoners of war and foreign workers as well as Germans; professors, artists, musicians, and farmers, as well as workers in munitions factories. And the mode of death, as will be seen, was often shocking and gruesome. But it is faulty to assume that without the bombing all those who perished woul
5、d have survived and would have met death more peacefully. Land invasion would have meant the ravaging of cities by heavy artillery, tanks, and flame throwers, the desperate flight of thousands of civilians (which indeed occurred on Germanys eastern front), and the ultimate collapse of all forces of
6、order, with internecine fighting, famine, and disease as likely accompaniments. Neither can one assume that more churches, famous monuments, paintings, library books, and so forth would have survived. That those who stopped the bombs had pangs of guilt in respect to the suffering they caused and the
7、 cultural wealth they destroyed is a credit to their humanitarian sensitivities. But sentiments of revulsion are more appropriately directed at war itself, which inevitably brutalizes those involved, destroys normal sensitivities, and opens the way to rape, pillage, and want of destruction. A “clean
8、“, “humane“ war is an impossibility. 52 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that “Rosie the Riveter“ was_. （ A） a picture used in the war propaganda （ B） the name of an American hero during the war （ C） a representative of women who were dragged into the war （ D） a German-born worker who esc
9、aped to America during the war 53 According to the author, without the Allied bombing,_. （ A） more lives might have been saved （ B） people would have died of other disasters （ C） the Allied landing would have been out of the question （ D） many cultural objects would have survived 54 The author concl
10、udes the passage by pointing out that _. （ A） there is no such a thing as humane war （ B） a total war is the cruelest thing in human history （ C） a war does no good either to the winner or to the loser （ D） it is impossible to wage a total war today 54 (1)Pageants (露天演出 ) are usually conceived on a
11、fairly large scale, often under the auspices of some local or civic authority or at any rate in connection with local groups of some kind. This sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found t
12、o be on the meagre side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed. (2)Most pageants have a historical flavor as they usually come about through the celebration of the anniversary of some event of historic importance, or the life or death o
13、f some local worthy. Research among archives and books in the public library will probably prove very useful and produce some workable ideas which will give the production an especially local flavor. From the first economy will have to be practised because there are usually a great number of people
14、to dress. Leading characters can be considered individually in the same way as when designing for a play; but the main body of the performers will need to be planned in groups and the massed effect must be always borne in mind. (3)Many pageants take place in daylight in the open air. This is an enti
15、rely different problem from designing costumes which are going to be looked at under artificial lighting; for one thing, scenes viewed in the daylight are subject to many more distractions. No longer is everything around cut out by the surrounding darkness, but instead it is very easy to be aware of
16、 disturbing movement in the audience or behind the performers. Very theatrically conceived clothes do not always look their best when seen in a daylight setting of trees, verdant lawns and old ivy-covered walls; the same goes for costumes being worn in front of the mellow colors of stately homes. Th
17、e location needs to be studied and then a decision can be made as to what kinds of colors and textures will harmonize best with the surroundings and conditions and then to carry this out as far as possible on the funds available. (4)If money is available to dress the performers without recourse to t
18、heir own help in the provision of items, it is best to arrange for all the cutting and pinning together of the costumes to be done by one or two experienced people than to be given out to the groups and individuals for completion. When there is little or no money at all, the garments need to be redu
19、ced to the basic necessities. Cloaks and shawls become invaluable, sheets and large bath towels and bath sheets are admirable for draping. Unwanted curtains and bedspreads can be cut to make tunics, robes and skirts. These are particularly valuable if they are of heavy fabrics, such as velvet or che
20、nille. (5)Colors should be massed together so that there are contrasting groups of dark and light, this will be found to help the visual result substantially. Crowds of people gathered together in a jumble of colors will be found to look quite purposeless and will lack dramatic impact. 55 Which of t
21、he following is true about pageants? （ A） Pageants seldom take place in the afternoon or evening. （ B） Pageants are often supported by local or civic authorities. （ C） Many pageants get abundantly funded by local companies. （ D） Most pageants are based on events of historical importance. 56 It can b
22、e inferred that the most important factor in costume design is _. （ A） money （ B） color （ C） harmony （ D） texture 57 It is implied that pageants held in the evening has the advantage that _. （ A） more audience can afford the time to watch the performance （ B） it doesnt cost much to design costumes f
23、or the performers （ C） the settings can be seen more clearly under artificial lighting （ D） distractions may be cut out by the surrounding darkness 57 (l)Virtually everything astronomers known about objects outside the solar system is based on the detection of photons-quanta of electromagnetic radia
24、tion. Yet there is another form of radiation that permeates the universe: neutrinos (中徽子 ). With (as its name implies) no electric charge, and negligible mass, the neutrino interacts with other particles so rarely that a neutrino can cross the entire universe, even traversing substantial aggregation
25、s of matter, without being absorbed or even deflected. Neutrinos can thus escape from regions of space where light and other kinds of electromagnetic radiation are blocked by matter. Furthermore, neutrinos carry with them information about the site and circumstances of their production: therefore, t
26、he detection of cosmic neutrinos could provide new information about a wide variety of cosmic phenomena and about the history of the universe. (2)But how can scientists detect a particle that interacts so infrequently with other matter? Twenty-five years passed between Paulis hypothesis that the neu
27、trino existed and its actual detection: since then virtually all research with neutrinos has been with neutrinos created artificially in large particle accelerators and studied under neutrino microscopes. But a neutrino telescope, capable of detecting cosmic neutrinos, is difficult to construct. No
28、apparatus can detect neutrinos unless it is extremely massive, because great mass is synonymous with huge numbers of nucleons (neutrons and protons), and the more massive the detector, the greater the probability of one of its nucleons reacting with a neutrino. In addition, the apparatus must be suf
29、ficiently shielded from the interfering effects of other particles. (3)Fortunately, a group of astrophysicists has proposed a means of detecting cosmic neutrinos by harnessing the mass of the ocean. Named DUMAND, for Deep Underwater Muon and Neutrino Detector, the project calls for placing an array
30、of light sensors at a depth of five kilometers under the ocean surface. The detecting medium is the seawater itself: when a neutrino interacts with a particle in an atom of seawater, the result is a cascade of electrically charged particles and a flash of light that can be detected by the sensors. T
31、he five kilometers of seawater above the sensors will shield them from the interfering effects of other high-energy particles raining down through the atmosphere. (4)The strongest motivation for the DUMAND project is that it will exploit an important source of information about the universe. The ext
32、ension of astronomy from visible light to radio waves to x-rays and gamma rays never failed to lead to the discovery of unusual objects such as radio galaxies, quasars (类星体 ) , and pulsars (脉冲星 ). Each of these discoveries came as a surprise. Neutrino astronomy will doubtless bring its own share of
33、surprises. 58 Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage? （ A） At the Threshold of Neutrino Astronomy. （ B） Neutrinos and the History of the Universe. （ C） The Creation and the Study of Neutrinos. （ D） The DUMAND System and How It Works. 59 In the last paragraph, the author describes t
34、he development of astronomy in order to _. （ A） suggest the potential discovery of celestial bodies by means of neutrino astronomy （ B） illustrate the importance of surprises in making astronomic discoveries （ C） demonstrate the effectiveness of the DUMAND apparatus in detecting neutrinos （ D） name
35、some cosmic phenomena that neutrino astronomy will illuminate 59 (l)Suppose you are driving on a highway with three lanes going in your direction and you come upon a toll plaza with six toll booths. Three toll booths are straight ahead in the three lanes of traffic, and the three other booths are of
36、f to the right. Which lane should you choose? There are usually enough people searching for the shortest line so as to make all the lines about the same length. (2)The term profit in economics has a very precise meaning. Economists, however, often loosely refer to “good deals“ or profitable ventures
37、 with no risk as profit opportunities. Using the term loosely, a profit opportunity exists at the toll booths if one line is shorter than the others. The general view of economics is that profit opportunities are rare. At any one time there are many people searching for such opportunities, and as a
38、consequence few exist. (3)At major banks in big cities, you can buy foreign currencies. The prices of these currencies are determined in world money markets. With dollars we can buy marks; with these marks we can buy francs; and with these francs we can buy back dollars. Can we make money on this tr
39、ansaction? If this is possible, we say that there are profit opportunities in the market. There are in fact almost never any profit opportunities of this kind in foreign currency markets. There are always individuals looking for such opportunities, and if any opportunity does arise it is quickly eli
40、minated. (4)If, for example, the mark-franc price is too low with respect to the other prices, there is an immediate rush to buy marks and sell francs, not by ordinary citizens at bank windows, but by a few large currency traders in Tokyo, London, or Zurich who watch prices every minute. Such a rush
41、 drives up the mark-franc price to the no-profit-opportunity point. Markets like this, where any profit opportunities are eliminated almost instantaneously are said to be efficient markets. (5)The common language way of expressing the efficient markets hypothesis is “theres no such thing as a free l
42、unch“. How should one react when a stock broker calls up with a hot tip on the stock market? With skepticism. There are thousands of individuals each day looking for hot tips in the market, and if a particular tip about a stock is valid there will be an immediate rush to buy the stock, which will qu
43、ickly drive its price up. By the time the tip gets to your broker and then to you, the profit opportunity that arose from the tip (assuming that there was one) is likely to have been eliminated. Similar arguments can be made for bond markets and commodity markets. They are many “expert“ in these mar
44、kets, who take quick advantage of any news that affects prices. (6)This economists view that there are very limited profit opportunities around can, of course, be carried too far. There are clearly times when profit opportunities exist. Someone has to be first to get the news, and some people have q
45、uicker insights than others. Nevertheless, news does get disseminated quickly, and there are thousands of people with quick insights. The general view that profit opportunities are rare is close to the mark. 60 In an efficient market, _. （ A） profit opportunities remain a very brief time （ B） only e
46、xperts can grasp the profit opportunities （ C） people without insights dont get much profit （ D） anyone who knows the hot tips can gain profit 61 What is the authors attitude towards the idea that “profit opportunities are rare“? （ A） Doubtful. （ B） Cautious. （ C） Consenting. （ D） Ironic. SECTION B
47、In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided. 62 PASSAGE ONE 62 What are the density-dependent theorists unable to solve? 62 PASSAGE TWO 63 What goes with a science becoming more advan
48、ced? 64 What does the word “cosmopolitan“ in the last paragraph mean? 65 PASSAGE THREE 65 Why does the author mention the Cyprus jugs? 66 PASSAGE FOUR 66 What were thought to determine Kennedys narrow victory? 四、 PART VI WRITING 67 People from different cultures keep different value systems and have
49、 different ways of looking at things. Failing to recognize these cultural differences will lead to misunderstanding. Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Ways of Dealing with Cultural Differences You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state the necessity of dealing with the cultural differences. In the second part, state specifically what your suggested ways are. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for conten
