1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 110及答案与解析 一、 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 Shortly before he died of lymphoma(淋巴瘤 ), the grea
2、t writer and physician Lewis Thomas, whose books turned science into a way of appreciating the greatness of the world, told me he thought the true measure of a life was that it be useful. He wondered in those last days if his own life had been useful, and many thousands of readers assured him that i
3、t had. “Grow old along with me! The best is yet to be,“ cried Robert Brownings Rabbi Ben Ezra. Not always. Poetry replies to Rabbi Ben with A. E. Housmans “To an Athlete Dying Young“ and comes up with no more startling a conclusion than that a life is what one makes of it. Celebrity is hardly a prer
4、equisite(先决条件 ). Kennedys life would have been just as valuable had he been, to use another poets phrase, a “mute, inglorious Milton“. A beloved colleague at TIME died recently who was unknown to most of the world, except the friends she cherished. The measure of a life is often taken in the smalles
5、t units. On television, a parking attendant in the garage that Kennedy used mentioned that Kennedy came over personally to wish the man a merry Christmas every year. A middle aged African American woman with whom he worked in one of the programs he supported was in tears at the recollection of conti
6、nuous small acts of kindness. The sudden garden that has developed on the front steps of Kennedys loft building began simply with neighbors paying homage(崇敬 )to a neighbor. From such fragments of evidence a whole life is constructed, or reconstructed. When a man dies, a civilization dies with him. E
7、verything dies but the reverberation(反响 )of his works in the lives of others; and so, while an individual civilization dies, the greater one profits. We call such deaths tragedies because the force of the life has been of great magnitude(重要性 ); yet tragedy from the point of view of the audience is h
8、igh art, and one is filled with as much admiration as grief. Keats chose as his epitaph(墓志铭 )“Here lies one whose name was writ in water.“ He believed that his life would be viewed as without consequence, and that he would debut one more transitory figure among the yearning and striving masses. Kenn
9、edy, too, I think, would have had his name writ in water, thus the appropriateness of his sea burial, because the best public servants disappear into the world, whose pain they feel. Every name is writ in water, which flows through us all. 1 We can infer from the first paragraph that Lewis Thomas be
10、lieves that _. （ A） your life is important if it is meaningful for others （ B） you can build meaning into your life if it is long （ C） work while alive is the most important thing （ D） usefulness of one life is hard to measure 2 Which of the following statements is true about Robert Browning? （ A） H
11、e believes that longer life is no good thing. （ B） He believes that true life lies in how one makes of it. （ C） He is identical with Lewis Thomas, regarding the life issue. （ D） He is opposite to A.E. Housman, regarding the death issue. 3 By saying “The measure of a life is often taken in the smalle
12、st units“(Para. 2), the author means that_. （ A） Kennedy was most respected by the ordinary people （ B） Kennedys life can be reflected by the small deeds he has done （ C） Kennedy has done many small deeds for the people around him （ D） Kennedy devoted his life to serving the people from the lower cl
13、ass 3 Utopia is a perfect place. It is a place without war, hunger, poverty, or crime. It is a place where the people work together and share. There is no money in Utopia because the people do not need money. They do not have personal possessions because everything belongs to everyone. All of the pe
14、ople are equal in Utopia, and the laws are all fair. Utopia is not a new place. Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher, described a perfect society in his famous dialogue The Republic. In Platos Republic, philosophers were the kings, and every person had a place in the society. In 1516, Sir Thomas Mor
15、e wrote about an island in the Pacific Ocean where everything was perfect. He named the island “Utopia.“ In 1872, Samuel Butler wrote a novel about a perfect country which he named “Erehwon“: “Utopia“ is a Greek word that means “not a place“ and “Erehwon“ is the English word “nowhere“ spelled backwa
16、rds. Many people came to the New World to find Utopia. The Shakers, a religious group, wanted to live like the first Christians. The Shakers started their first community in New York in 1776. George Rapp, a German farmer, came to the United States in 1804 to start a Utopian community. In 1815, Rapp
17、and his followers bought land for their community in Harmony, Indiana, and they made the things they needed with machines. In 1824, they sold the community to Robert Owen, who started the Utopian community of New Harmony there. In New Harmony, everything belonged to everyone and men and women were e
18、qual, but New Harmony lasted only two years. Then Francis Wright began Nashoba, a community where white people and black people could live and work together, near Memphis, Tennessee. Nashoba lasted from 1825 to 1830. A group of intellectuals founded Brook Farm, a Utopian farming community, in 1841.
19、However, they did not have many farming skills, so the farm closed in 1847. Four years later, Josiah Warren set up Modern Times, an anarchist community near New York City. It closed in 1857. Utopia is a perfect place, but it is not a real place. Most “real“ Utopias last only a short time. This is be
20、cause everyone wants to live in Utopia, but no one knows how to make it work. As a result, when we say something is “Utopian“ today, we mean that it is a good idea, but it is not realistic. 4 It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _. （ A） Utopia is a word created by Thomas More （ B） Utopi
21、a has the same concept as “Erehwon“ （ C） Thomas More named the island “Utopia“ because he was Greek （ D） the characteristics of Utopia were first mentioned in The Republic 5 What is true about the Shakers? （ A） They founded the first community in New York. （ B） They believed the first Christian comm
22、unity was Utopia. （ C） They had tried to find Utopia only in New York. （ D） They had established the first real Utopia in the world. 5 The men and women of Anglo-Saxon England normally bore one name only. Distinguishing epithets were rarely added. These might be patronymic, descriptive or occupation
23、al. They were, however, hardly surnames. Heritable names gradually became general in the three centuries following the Norman Conquest in 1066. It was not until the 13th and 14th centuries that surnames became fixed, although for many years after that, the degree of stability in family names varied
24、considerably in different parts of the country. British surnames fall mainly into four broad categories: patronymic, occupational, descriptive and local. A few names, it is true, will remain puzzling: foreign names, perhaps, crudely translated, adapted or abbreviated; or artificial names. In fact, o
25、ver fifty per cent of genuine British surnames derive from place names of different kinds, and so they belong to the last of our four main categories. Even such a name as Simpson may belong to this last group, and not to the first, had the family once had its home in the ancient village of that name
26、. Otherwise, Simpson means “the son of Simon“, as might be expected Hundreds of occupational surnames are at once familiar to us, or at least recognisable after a little thought: Archer, Carter, Fisher, Mason, Thatcher, Taylor, to name but a few. Hundreds of others are more obscure in their meanings
27、 and testify to the amazing specialisation in medieval arts, crafts and functions. Such are “Day“,(Old English for breadmaker)and “Walker“(a fuller whose job it was to clean and thicken newly made cloth). All these vocational names carry with them a certain gravity and dignity, which descriptive nam
28、es often lack. Some, it is true, like “Long“, “Short“ or “Little“, are simple. They may be taken quite literally. Others require more thinking: their meanings are slightly different from the modern ones. “Black“ and “White“ implied dark and fair respectively. “Sharp“ meant genuinely discerning, aler
29、t, acute rather than quick-witted or clever. Place-names have a lasting interest since there is hardly a town or village in all England that has not at some time given its name to a family. They may be picturesque, even poetical; or they may be pedestrian, even trivial. Among the commoner names whic
30、h survive with relatively little change from old-English times are “Milton“(middle enclosure)and “Hilton“(enclosure on a hill). 6 Surnames are said to be _ in Anglo-Saxon England. （ A） common （ B） vocational （ C） unusual （ D） descriptive 7 We learn from the first paragraph that _ for many years afte
31、r the 13th and 14th centuries. （ A） family names became descriptive and occupational （ B） people in some areas still had no surnames （ C） some people kept changing their surnames （ D） all family names became fixed in England 8 Which of the following sentences is an opinion rather than a fact? （ A） H
32、undreds of occupational names are at once familiar to us. （ B） Black and “White“ implied “dark“ and “fair“ respectively. （ C） Vocational names carry with them a certain gravity and dignity. （ D） Every place in England has given its name to a family. 8 More surprising, perhaps, than the current diffi
33、culties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States i
34、s now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society. What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family
35、. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wifes previous marriage,
36、 or the husbands, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses. Thus, one can find the very type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from o
37、nly the present marriage; marriages with “full-time“ children from the present marriage and “part-time“ children from former marriages. There are step-fathers, step-mothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are
38、 enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married. 9 By calling Americans “marrying people“ the author means that _. （ A） there are more married couples in the U.S.A.th
39、an in Europe （ B） more Americans prefer marriage and at a younger age than Europeans （ C） most divorced individuals remarry （ D） marriage is the most important part of American life 10 From the first paragraph we can know that _. （ A） traditional marriage now runs into difficulty （ B） marriage rate
40、has been rising since the 1970 （ C） marriage rate in Europe is rather low （ D） Europeans marry when they are quite old 11 Which of the following can be presented as the picture of todays American families? （ A） There are no nuclear families any more. （ B） A family usually consists of a husband, a wi
41、fe and two or three children. （ C） A child usually has four grandparents. （ D） Many types of family rearrangements have become socially acceptable. 二、 SECTION B In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words
42、in the space provided. 12 What does “Rabbi Ben Ezra“ refer to? 13 What kind of people can be described as a “mute, inglorious Milton“? 14 Why did all the “Utopias“ mentioned in the third paragraph last only a brief time? 15 Which paragraph defines “Utopia“? 16 What do patronymic surnames derive from
43、? 17 What makes some children “part-time“? 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 110答案与解析 一、 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 【知识模块】 阅读
44、1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 首段首句末 尾表明了 Lewis Thomas对生命的看法，其中 useful一词是关键， A中的 meaningful表达了此义，因此为正确答案。 Lewis Thomas并没有讨论生命的长短 (B)或活着应该工作 (C)等问题； D虽然也提到了 usefulness，但Lewis Thomas没有讨论如何 measure usefulness。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 首段倒数第 2句的 Not always连接了上下文两种不同的意见，即表明倒数第 3句中 Robert Browning和末句中 的 A E Housman
45、的看法是相反的，因此 D为本题答案。首段倒数第 3句开头的 “Grow old along with me”表明Browning认为长寿好，由此可否定 A； B在首段末句提到，但那是A E Housman的看法，并非 Browning的看法；而 Lewis Thomas和 Browning对生命的看法并没有什么相同之处，因此 C也不对。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 原文第 2段第 4句之后举了几个关于 Kennedy的例子，用以说明该句的观点，表明 Kennedy的 生命价值可以从他所做的小事反映出来，因此本题答案为 B。 C只概括了第 2段第 4句的部分内容，没有
46、指出 “从小事可以判断一个人的价值 ”这个道理； A和 D都只是根据后面的例子总结的表面现象，不能解释考点句子里关键词 measure的内涵。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从第 2段末句可以知道 utopia和 Erehwon都具有 “非真实存在之地 ”的意思，因此 B的说法正确，为本题答案。原文该段第 4句虽然提到 Thomas More将小说里面的小岛命名为 Utopia，但根据该段末句可以知道， utopia最早是一个希腊语词，可见 Thomas More并非创造该词的第一人，因此 A不正确；文章并无提及 Thomas More的国籍，因此
47、 C的说法没有依据；虽然原文该段首段提到了帕拉图对乌托邦的描述但这并不足以证明帕拉图是首位描述乌托邦的人，因此 D也不正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 3段首句表明该段描述的公社都是以乌托邦的形式建立起来的，由此可见， Shakers建立的公社也是乌托邦式的，而该段第 2句表明 Shakers要想最早的基 督教徒那样生活，由此可推断， Shakers首先认为最早的基督教徒生活在一个乌托邦里，然后他们才会到新大陆去建立乌托邦公社，因此， B是正确的推断，为本题答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据 Anglo-S
48、axon可定位考点在第 1段。该段第 1句说 Anglo-Saxon时代的英国人通常只有一个名字，而第 4句说 “他们几乎没有姓 ”，因此可以判断 C是答案。 A(普遍的 )、 B(职业的 )和 D(描述的 )均不符合题意。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正 确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 1段最后一句说，到了 13、 14世纪，姓氏开始稳定下来了，但此后很多年，姓氏的稳定程度在不同的地区还是有很大的不同。这句话并不表示人们在不断更换姓氏，而是说有些地区的人们有稳定的姓氏，而有些地区的人们没有姓氏。故 B为正确选项。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 C中的 gravity(
49、重要性 )和 dignity(尊严 )属于主观判断。 A的内容在第 4段第 1句； B的内容在第 5段倒数第 2句； D的内容在第 6段第 1句，都是事实。 【知识模块】 阅 读 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 “marrying people”定位到第 1段第 2句。作者在第 1段第 2句很清楚地在 Americans are a marrying people后面用冒号引出对这一说法的解释。对比 A与 B，就可发现 A不够完整，所以不正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 原文第 1段第 1句的主语揭示了答案应为 A。 B与原文第 1段第 3句的陈述不符； C和 D均无原文依据。 【知识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第 2段第 3句和第 4句中的 there are many marriages表明现在美国家庭的组成有多种形式，因此 D的说法是正确的。 A过于绝对，与第 2段第 3句说的 “很多夫妇决定不要孩子 ”不一致。根据第 2段第 2句， B是 25年前的情况，不是现在的情况。 C与最后一段中提到的 eight grandparents不相同。
