1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 178及答案与解析 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1) NOT all that Mrs. Bennet, however, with the assis
2、tance of her five daughters, could ask on the subject was sufficient to draw from her husband any satisfactory description of Mr. Bingley. They attacked him in various ways; with barefaced questions, ingenious suppositions, and distant surmises; but he eluded (躲避 ) the skill of them all; and they we
3、re at last obliged to accept the second-hand intelligence of their neighbour Lady Lucas. (2) Her report was highly favourable. Sir William had been delighted with him. He was quite young, wonderfully handsome, extremely agreeable, and, to crown the whole, he meant to be at the next assembly with a l
4、arge party. Nothing could be more delightful! To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love; and very lively hopes of Mr. Bingleys heart were entertained. (3) “If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield,“ said Mrs. Bennet to her husband, “and all the other
5、s equally well married, I shall have nothing to wish for. “ (4) In a few days Mr. Bingley returned Mr. Bennets visit, and sat about ten minutes with him in his library. He had entertained hopes of being admitted to a sight of the young ladies, of whose beauty he had heard much; but he saw only the f
6、ather. The ladies were somewhat more fortunate, for they had the advantage of ascertaining, from an upper window, that he wore a blue coat and rode a black horse. (5) An invitation to dinner was soon afterwards dispatched; and already had Mrs. Bennet planned the courses that were to do credit to her
7、 housekeeping, when an answer arrived which deferred (推迟 ) it all. Mr. Bingley was obliged to be in town the following day, and consequently unable to accept the honour of their invitation. Mrs. Bennet was quite disconcerted. She could not imagine what business he could have in town so soon after hi
8、s arrival in Hertfordshire; and she began to fear that he might be always flying about from one place to another, and never settled at Netherfield as he ought to be. Lady Lucas quieted her fears a little by starting the idea of his being gone to London only to get a large party for the ball; and a r
9、eport soon followed that Mr. Bingley was to bring twelve ladies and seven gentlemen with him to the assembly. (6) The girls grieved over such a large number of ladies; but were comforted the day before the ball by hearing that, instead of twelve, he had brought only six with him from London, his fiv
10、e sisters and a cousin. And when the party entered the assembly room, it consisted of only five altogether; Mr. Bingley, his two sisters, the husband of the oldest, and another young man. (7) Mr. Bingley was good looking and gentlemanlike; he had a pleasant countenance, and easy, unaffected manners.
11、 His brother-in-law, Mr. Hurst, merely looked the gentleman; but his friend Mr. Darcy soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome features, noble mien; and the report which was in general circulation within five minutes after his entrance, of his having ten thousand a year
12、. (8) The gentlemen pronounced him to be a fine figure of a man, the ladies declared he was much handsomer than Mr. Bingley, and he was looked at with great admiration for about half the evening, till his manners gave a disgust which turned the tide of his popularity; for he was discovered to be pro
13、ud, to be above his company, and above being pleased; and not all his large estate in Derbyshire could then save him from having a most forbidding, disagreeable countenance, and being unworthy to be compared with his friend. (9) Mr. Bingley had soon made himself acquainted with all the principal peo
14、ple in the room; he was lively and unreserved, danced every dance, was angry that the ball closed so early, and talked of giving one himself at Netherfield. Such amiable qualities must speak for themselves. What a contrast between him and his friend! Mr. Darcy danced only once with Mrs. Hurst and on
15、ce with Miss Bingley, declined being introduced to any other lady, and spent the rest of the evening in walking about the room, speaking occasionally to one of his own party. His character was decided. He was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world, and every body hoped that he would never
16、come there again. 1 It can be inferred from Para. 4 that_. （ A） Mr. Bennet had visited Mr. Bingley before （ B） Mr. Bingley stayed pretty long in Mr. Bennets house （ C） Mr. Bingley finally got the chance to see the ladies （ D） The ladies observed Mr. Bingley from upstairs 2 In Para. 5, the word “disc
17、oncerted“ probably means_. （ A） dissatisfied （ B） disappointed （ C） uneasy （ D） unmindful 3 The following are factors causing people in the ball room to be attracted by Mr. Darcy EXCEPT_. （ A） his stature （ B） his appearance （ C） his income （ D） his behavior 3 (1) To some, Facebook, Twitter and simi
18、lar social-media platforms are the acme (顶点 ) of communication better, even, than face-to-face conversations, since more people can be involved. Others think of them more as acne (痤疮 ), a rash that fosters narcissism, threatens privacy and reduces intelligent discourse to the exchange of flippant me
19、mes (表情图包 ). They might even, these kinds of arguments go, be creating a generation of electronic addicts who are incapable of reflective, individual, original thought. (2) A topic ripe for anthropological study, then. And such a study, the “Why We Post“ project, has just been published by nine anth
20、ropologists, led by Daniel Miller of University College, London. (3) The participants in “Why We Post“ worked independently for 15 months at locations in Brazil, Britain, Chile, India, Italy, Trinidad and Tobago, and Turkey. They embedded themselves within families and their surrounding communities.
21、 That, the team believes, let them form a nuanced view of the roles of social media in their study sites which could not be gained by analysing participants public postings. (4) These fly-on-the-wall (纪实性的 ) perspectives refute much received wisdom. One of the sceptics biggest betes noires (令人讨厌的人或物
22、 ) is the “ selfie (自拍 )“ which is often blamed for fostering self-regard and an undue focus on attractiveness. “Why We Post“ , however, reveals that the selfie itself has many faces. In Italy girls were indeed seen to take dozens of pictures of themselves before settling on one to post. In Brazil m
23、any selfies posted by men were taken at the gym. But at the British site, Dr Miller found, schoolchildren posted five times as many “groupies“ (images of the picture-taker with friends) as they did selfies. Britons have also created a category called “uglies“ , wherein the purpose is to take as unfl
24、attering a self-portrait as possible. And in Chile another unique genre has developed: the “footie“. This is a shot taken of the users propped-up feet, a sign of relaxation. (5) The often-humorous, marked-up images known as memes have also come in for criticism. They debase traditional forms of publ
25、ic debate, lament some, spreading far and wide with little context. But memes serve different purposes in different cultures. In India they tend to focus on serious and religious issues; Trinidadian memes are more often send-ups of politicians. Yet in all cases Dr Miller sees meme-passing not as lim
26、iting what social-media users think and say, but as enabling discourse. Many users happily forward memes laced with strong ideological messages about which they would not dare to comment individually. (6) Critics also often view the online personae people (有网络性格的人 ) create for their social-media pos
27、tings as false fronts designed for the medium at hand. Trinidadians, however, disagree. They see online profiles as more representative of a persons true self even than what is seen in real life. And, though the perceived loss through social media of the anonymity that once characterised online life
28、 causes much hand-wringing (绝望 ) in the West, young boys and girls in Turkey see things differently. Social media permit them to be in constant contact with one another, in full view of their parents, but to keep their conversations and photos to themselves. (7) In Turkey social media were viewed as
29、 a distraction from education. But in Brazil they were seen to be an educational resource. Such a divide was evident in India, too. There, high-income families regarded them with suspicion but low-income families advocated them as a supplementary source of schooling. In Britain, meanwhile, they were
30、 valued not directly as a means of education, but as a way for pupils, parents and teachers to communicate. (8) “Why We Post“ thus challenges the idea that the adoption of social media follows a single and predictable trajectory (轨道 ). Indeed, the sites show that the use of such media can vary from
31、place to place within a single country. The study also refutes the idea that social media are making humans any less human. Users are, in Dr Millers words, “merely attaining something that was latent in human beings“. (9) The sceptics reaction to new technology seems equally deep-rooted. New means o
32、f communication from railways and the telegraph onwards have always attracted critics. Sooner or later, the doubters either convert, or die. The adopters, meanwhile, chatter on until the next wave of disruption happens, an advance that some of them will reject as unnecessary and possibly dangerous f
33、lummery. 4 According to Para. 1, some people think communication via social media is superior to face-to-face talk for_. （ A） its more participants （ B） its protection of privacy （ C） its exchange of more information （ D） its electronic products 5 It can be inferred from the research conducted by Da
34、niel Miller that_. （ A） it studied social media from the perspective of anthropology （ B） the method of literature survey is adopted in this study （ C） the participants helped each other to finish the study （ D） the study proves the selfie makes people focus only on charm 6 Memes are used for satire
35、 in_. （ A） Italy （ B） Brazil （ C） India （ D） Trinidad and Tobago 7 The online image is believed by Trinidadians as more_. （ A） unbelievable （ B） authentic （ C） intractable （ D） personalized 7 (1) The Bonobos shop on lower Fifth Avenue, in Manhattan, sits in a row of familiar fashion brands, includin
36、g J. Crew, Zara and Gap. As at those stores, shoppers at Bonobos can survey racks of clothes, try on this shirt and those trousers, then decide which items to purchase. Unlike in those stores, shoppers at Bonobos may not buy any clothes to take home. When Bonobos first tried this idea, in 2011, it s
37、eemed like a lark. The company now has 20 such shops, from Texas to California, and plans to open at least seven more this year. (2) Bricks-and-mortar stores (传统的实体店 ) are in the throes of an identity crisis. The growing threat from online shopping has spurred some physical retailers to do more than
38、 just sell goods. Lululemon lures shoppers with both yoga clothes and yoga classes; Louis Vuitton displays fine art beside its frocks (连衣裙 ). Among the most interesting models to emerge, however, are chains such as Bonobos, whose outlets have no stock to sell. (3) The idea is to divorce the purchase
39、 of a product from its distribution. Until recently, this business model was largely restricted to sellers of big, non-portable things like furniture; people like to examine sofas before they buy them, but they do not fit neatly into shopping bags. Now, clothing retailers are seeing the downsides of
40、 conventional shops, too. (4) If a retailer stores and sells goods in the same place, it must lease space, often in an expensive central location, for the store room as well as the shop floor. Staff may be needed to unpack deliveries overnight, which raises costs further. Employees spend much of the
41、 day restocking shelves, which means less attention paid to customers. Companies can never predict perfectly which items will sell in which shops. Inevitably some clothes linger unsold for too long, and must be marked down, which squeezes margins. (5) Online-only shops have less of a problem with th
42、is sort of thing, but there are still many consumers who like to check the fit and the feel of a garment before buying. So Paul Evans and Jack Erwin, two young shoe companies, have showrooms in New York where shoppers can inspect loafers (休闲鞋 ) and brogues (布洛克鞋 ) , then order them online. Warby Par
43、ker does the same for glasses. (6) The most prominent American example is Bonobos, which began as an online-only mens retailer before realising customers wanted shops, too. Its outlets house many styles and many sizes, but not every style in every size. Salesmen have the sole job of helping each sho
44、pper find clothes he likes, identify the proper fit and order the clothes online. “We do a better job of selling clothes because we dont stock the clothes,“ boasts Andy Dunn, the firms founder. Bonobos need not guess which trousers will sell at which store. All its stock is at one central warehouse.
45、 (7) In Asia, Zalora offers a variation on this theme. The four-year-old online retailer displays its clothes in pop-up showrooms in Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Indonesia and the Philippines. Such temporary installations, explains Tito Costa, Zaloras marketing chief, are “a way to build confiden
46、ce either in a new way of shopping or in a young brand. “ Shoppers can try on Zaloras clothes, chat with its stylists and order items online, either from computer stations or by scanning a QR code (二维码 ) with their phones, using Zaloras app. (8) It is no coincidence that the companies that are testi
47、ng out such showrooms began online. Big, established retailers are unlikely to convert stores to showrooms, at least in the foreseeable future. They have trained millions of customers to expect immediate gratification buy a Zara dress in the afternoon, for example, and go dancing in it that same eve
48、ning. Delivering to individuals rather than shipping in bulk to stores would also require established retailers to upend their distribution networks, says Neil Saunders of Conlumino, a consulting firm. But for many younger retailers, selling online and in showrooms may be the future, not least becau
49、se showrooms are cheaper to run than conventional shops. That means they can open more of them, more quickly. 8 What differs the Bonobos shop from other stores located beside it? （ A） Customers can look at the clothes carefully. （ B） Customers can not try on the clothes as they like. （ C） Customers can determine what to buy after comparison. （ D） Customers can not take any clothes home with them. 9 In order to reduce the increasing threat from online shopping, physical stores take the following measures EXCEPT to_. （ A） pr
