1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 39及答案与解析 0 Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earths surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthqua
2、kes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small. The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house
3、with an Erector set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroye
4、d the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is
5、panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result. The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the e
6、xperts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of the past. There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster cause
7、d by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis.(These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides.)In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at
8、sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbours, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them “tsunamis“, meaning “harbour waves“, because they reach a sizable height only in harbours. Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an h
9、our. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave. 1 Which of the following Can Not be concluded from the passage? （ A） The number of
10、 earthquakes is closely related to depth. （ B） Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year. （ C） Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles. （ D） Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces. 2 The destruction of Agadir is an example of （ A） faulty building construction
11、. （ B） an earthquakes strength. （ C） widespread panic in earthquakes. （ D） ineffective instruments. 3 The United Nations experts are supposed to （ A） construct strong buildings. （ B） put forward proposals. （ C） detect disastrous earthquakes. （ D） monitor earthquakes. 4 The significance of the slow s
12、peed of tsunamis is that people may （ A） notice them out at sea. （ B） find ways to stop them. （ C） be warned early enough. （ D） develop warning systems. 4 Cancer of the lung is still the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide, and although its incidence in men may be falling in the
13、 UK, in much of the world it is rising in both sexes. The first cigarettes had been rolled by soldiers in the Turkish-Egyptian war more than 90 years before the first of the two world wars that popularized smoking. Between 1938 and 1948 lung cancer increased five times faster than other cancers, but
14、 these statistics were no match for the impact of Hollywood stars smoking in films. By this time women were smoking almost as much as men. There are two main types of lung cancer, determined by the type of cell involvedsmall cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Around 75% of cases are of the non-sma
15、ll cell variety, the standard small cell lung cancers account for 20% and a few rarer types of Jung cancer complete the balance. About 90% of all lung cancer cases can be attributed to smoking. The outcome is still not good. The five-year survival rate in those with lung cancer is approximately 15%.
16、 Depending on the type of cancer, surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be used, but if the cancer has not spread, the first line of treatment is usually surgery. If the tumor has spread, either radiotherapy, chemotherapy or both may be used, sometimes in combination. The choice of treatment wil
17、l depend on the type of cell forming the cancer and the extent of its growth. Advanced non-small cell cancer is usually treated with chemotherapy and in these cases radiotherapy is used for symptomatic treatment. Likewise in small cell cancer, which has usually spread beyond the original site at dia
18、gnosis so that surgery is unlikely to be used and the mainstay of treatment is chemotherapy and radiation. 5 What does “incidence“ mean in the first paragraph? （ A） Impact. （ B） Possibility. （ C） Occurrence. （ D） Negativeness. 6 What is true about the history of cigarettes? （ A） During World War II
19、cigarettes impact was well verified. （ B） It is only the First World War that really popularized smoking. （ C） Hollywood stars influence exclusively boosted smoking. （ D） The first cigarettes were rolled more than 90 years ago. 7 In the second paragraph, why is the outcome said to be “still not good
20、“? （ A） Because there is still about 90% of all lung cancer cases resulting from smoking now. （ B） Because cigarette leads to small cell as well as non-small cell lung cancer. （ C） Because only 15% of lung cancer sufferers can live for 5 years. （ D） A few rarer types of lung cancer are still beyond
21、curability. 8 What is NOT true about the treatment of cancer? （ A） How to treat patients merely rests on the type of cell forming the cancer. （ B） Radiotherapy can hardly address advanced non-small cell cancer virtually. （ C） Both radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used to treat small cell cancer.
22、 （ D） Surgery is unlikely to be used in the treatment of advanced small cell cancer. 9 The authors attitude towards smoking is （ A） pessimistic. （ B） worried. （ C） positive. （ D） impersonal. 9 Locusts, which can consume their own weight in food each day, have a large neuron called the locust giant m
23、ovement detector(LGMD)located behind their eyes. The LGMD releases bursts of energy whenever a locust is on a collision course with another locust or a predatory bird. A few years ago Rind and her colleagues studied the activity of the LGMD as locusts watched action scenes from the movie Star Wars.
24、The team found that the LGMD releases more energy when something is coming directly at the locust. These spikes of energy, called action potentials, prompt the locusts to take evasive action. The entire process from motion detection to reaction takes about 45 milliseconds or 45 thousandths of a seco
25、nd. “Locusts, like most insects, can see many more images per second than we do. This means they can react in time to things that are approaching very rapidly and so make their escape before collision,“ Rind said. The locusts ability to see many more images per second than humans gives them a remark
26、able view of the world. For humans, it would be like watching everything go by in slow motion; Rind added. And because the insects only detect things that are on a collision course with them, the locusts are ignorant of all other movements. Its a particularly useful trait, as the locusts travel in d
27、ense swarms akin to rush hour traffic. “The LGMD system is complemented by the brain of the locust, which provides the necessary experience and knowledge to really react according to the situation,“ said Jorge Cuadri, a project engineer with Spains National Centre of Microelectronics. Cuadri is help
28、ing to develop the circuitry(电路装置 )for the locust-inspired crash avoidance technology. Cuadri and his colleagues are responsible for adapting the locust collision-avoidance system to the automotive environment. Their adapted system is based on a single, integrated step that combines visual optics an
29、d electronics. The conventional way of doing this would involve two steps: First, a camera would capture the image. Second, a digital processor would analyze it. The two-step approach, which uses radar images, is expensive and currently limited only to luxury cars, Rind said. 10 The reason why human
30、 beings are unable to react in time to avoid car collisions is that （ A） we have no LGMD behind our eyes. （ B） cars are not advanced enough yet. （ C） our vision is too limited. （ D） our brain is never good at functioning in this way. 11 What would immediately happen if human beings were endowed with
31、 the power to see a good many images in quite a short instant? （ A） Every movement would become so easily observable that it is just like in slow motion. （ B） Human beings would be ignorant of all other movements except things that are on a crash route with them. （ C） Everything around would pass by
32、 at a lower speed. （ D） Human beings would be very sensitive to those cars that are about to bump. 12 What kind of fields is covered when Cuadri adapts the locust collision-avoidance system to the automotive environment? （ A） Visual optics and electrics. （ B） Electronics and visual optics. （ C） Visu
33、al optics and electronics. （ D） Physics and chemistry. 13 The passage will most probably be followed by a discussion of （ A） how to decrease the price of this adapted system. （ B） how to derive new methods from other insects. （ C） what problems researchers would face and the future development of cr
34、ash-avoidance circuitry. （ D） the further analysis of LGMD. 13 Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate“, in other words, to learn to understand computers and what makes them tick. Not all experts agree, however, that this is a good idea. One pioneer, i
35、n particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Comput-ertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the
36、 people and make them “people-literate“. David first got the idea when he visited one of Americas best-known computer “guru“ figure, Bob Albrecht, in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Computertown USA in the local library, and the lo
37、cal children used to call round every Wednesday to borrow some time on the computers there, instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way. Over here, in Britain, Computertowns have taken off
38、in a big way, and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most successful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important difference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater for the enthusiasts, with some co
39、mputer knowledge already, who get together and eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers available for them to experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any questions; they are
40、not told what to do, they find out. David Tebbutt finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working side by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people really want to know. In some
41、 Computertowns there are question sessions, rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and then try to work out some structure to answer them. People are not having to learn computer jargons, but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily unde
42、rstood terms; the computers are becoming “people-literate“. 14 According to David Tebbutt, the purpose of Computertown UK is to （ A） train people to understand how computers work. （ B） make more computers available to people. （ C） enable more people to fix computers themselves. （ D） help people find
43、 out more about computers. 15 We learn from the passage that Computertown USA was a （ A） town. （ B） project, （ C） library. （ D） school. 16 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Computertowns in the UK have become popular. （ B） Computertowns and clubs cater for different people. （ C） C
44、omputertowns are more successful than clubs. （ D） Its better that Computertowns and clubs work together. 17 Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Computertowns? （ A） Experts give lectures and talks on computers. （ B） Experts are on hand to answer peoples questions. （ C） People are left to di
45、scover computers on their own. （ D） There are computers around for people to practise on. 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 39答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据第 1段的第 3句可以排除 A；根据第 1段的第 5句可排除 B；根据第 1段的第 1句可排除 D。根据第 1段的第 2句可确定 C的内容不符合文章内容，所以本题选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文 章的第 2段讨论了地震危害大小的决定因素，作者一开始以建造玩具房子为例来说明不同结
46、构的房屋在地震中受危害程度的不同。接着作者说Agadir的地震并不强烈，仪器都没有记录下来，但整个城市都被毁了；而一些更强烈的地震造成的危害却很小。所以在这里作者是用 Agadir的例子来说明不合理的房屋结构受地震造成的危害之大， A为答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 3段的最后两句提到，联合国的专家们与当地的地质学家和工程师们一起研究地质，提出最适合当地情况的建筑标准。如果他们的建议 得到采纳，将非常有效地避免地震带来的危害。最后一句中的 “suggestions”指的就是专家们的建议，所以 B(提出建议 )正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 C
47、【试题解析】 文章最后一段提到，由于海啸移动比较缓慢， (警报系统 )让人们得以离开受海啸威胁的地区并转移到高地上去，所以 C为正确选项。此题容易误选D，海啸移动缓慢，使人们得以利用警报系统提前预报，但警报系统的开发本身并不是海啸移动缓慢的意义所在，所以 D不正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确 答案】 C 【试题解析】 由 incidence所在句可知，该句用 failing和 rising来修饰incidence，故可以确定该词是指某种频率，结合句意可知此处应指发病率，故 C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 1段第 3句讲到，在
48、 1938年至 1948年期间，肺癌增加的速度是其他癌症的 5倍，因此 A“二战期间吸烟的危害被证实 ”符合文意，为答案。该段第 2句中定语从句的先行词是 the two world wars，而不是 the First World War，排除 B；两次世界大战以及好莱坞影片都是吸烟增多的原因， exclusively用得不当，因此排除 C：第一支香烟出现在一战爆发前 90年，而不是距今 90年前， D错。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题需结合上下文理解。第 2段 The outcome is still not good后说到肺癌患者能存活 5年的几率为 15
49、，可见肺癌的死亡率非常高，这正是 “结果不好 ”的原因。 C所述与第 2段末句相符，故为答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 A中的 merely rests on与最后一段第 1句中 depend onand 相悖，故为正确答案。该段倒数第 2句中的 radiotherapy is used for symptomatic treatment说明放射疗法在这种情况下只是一种 “对症疗法 ”，治标不治本， B与之意思一致；由文章最后一句可知晚期的 small sell cancer不可用 surgery的方法治疗，主流的方法是 themotheray和 radiation，故可确定 C、 D均与文意相符。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 2段作者讲到 90的肺癌归于吸烟，第 3句的 The outcome is still not good以及对肺癌死亡率高的描述，根据这些可以看出作者对于吸烟的态度是 “担忧的 ”，因此选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章前面讲到蝗虫能避免与其他动物碰撞的原因在于它们的眼睛后面有一个叫作 LGMD的很大的神经元，它可以帮助蝗虫迅速反应，从而避免碰撞。这是人类所不具有的，故 A为答案。 C“
