1、中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷 21及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 That Pacific island attracts shoals of tourists with its rich_of folk arts. （ A） heritage （ B） heredity （ C） heroism （ D） hermitage 2 As for the missing funds, the company manager, when demanded to give an explanation, could not even come up with
2、 a_one. （ A） plaintive （ B） pervasive （ C） perpetual （ D） plausible 3 The governments policies in the past five years have shown a(n)_in emphasizing the necessity of improving the peasants livelihood. （ A） exaltation （ B） coherence （ C） agony （ D） behavior 4 The Chinese world diving champion was_fro
3、m the national team, which news has been front-page report in the country for several days. （ A） displayed （ B） dispersed （ C） disarmed （ D） dismissed 5 A comet is distinguished from other bodies in the solar system_. （ A） into its appearance （ B） off its appearance （ C） by its appearance （ D） to it
4、s appearance 6 _of the Pennsylvania Gazette, Benjamin Franklin tried hard to make the periodical popular. （ A） As owner and editor （ B） While was owner and editor （ C） Having being owner and editor （ D） To be ov/ner and editor 7 _the First World War, the United States became the dominant force in th
5、e motion-picture industry. （ A） It was during the advent under （ B） With the advent of （ C） To follow the advent in （ D） Upon the advent at 8 He had no alternative but_to fight in the Middle East. （ A） to go （ B） go （ C） going （ D） went 9 Shall we request that the manager_our suggestion again? （ A）
6、consider （ B） considers （ C） considering （ D） must consider 10 He has little trouble_the tires of his car. （ A） to fix （ B） fix （ C） fixing （ D） with fixing 11 A limited number of books on this subject are in the library. （ A） little （ B） small （ C） tiny （ D） low 12 It took me exactly a week to comp
7、lete the work. （ A） do （ B） achieve （ C） improve （ D） finish 13 The football team, for the most part, were confident of winning the match. （ A） mostly （ B） partly （ C） only （ D） really 14 The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center. （ A） get rid of （ B） set up （ C） repai
8、r （ D） paint 15 He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia. （ A） gradual （ B） regular （ C） direct （ D） occasional 16 On the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers. （ A） wild （ B） fresh （ C） lovely （ D） false 17 He became aware that he had lost his audience since h
9、e had not been able to talk coherently. （ A） honestly （ B） appropriately （ C） intelligibly （ D） flexibly 18 She was artful and could always get round her parents in the end. （ A） play （ B） deceive （ C） confuse （ D） annoy 19 They had a far better yield than any other farm miles around this year. （ A）
10、 goods （ B） soil （ C） climate （ D） harvest 20 His writing depicts this changing world and the increasing cultural diversity of the United States. （ A） conflict （ B） refinement （ C） variety （ D） movement 二、 Cloze 20 Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature, and much narrower li
11、mits mark the bound-aries of effective functioning. Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow【 C1】 _around 37 ; a【 C2】_, of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. Even though cells can survive wider【 C3】 _, the integrated actions of bodil
12、y systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolerance【 C4】 _changes of body temperature. For centuries【 C5】 _has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperature. Ways of【 C6】 _ the difference have become more accurate and meaningful o
13、ver time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division【 C7】 _ “ warm blooded“ and “ cold blooded“ species; warm blooded included mammals and birds,【 C8】 _all other creatures were considered cold blooded.【 C9】 _more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was【 C10】
14、 _A fence lizard usually has a body temperature only a degree or two below【 C11】 _of humans and so is not cold.【 C12】 _the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a【 C13】 _body temperature and those whose body temperature varies with their environment. But this classification also pr
15、oved inadequate,【 C14】 _among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation.【 C15】_ many invertebrates that live in the【 C16】 _of the ocean never experience a change in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant. The current distinction is
16、between animals whose body temperature is【 C17】_chiefly by internal metabolic processes and those whose temperature is regulated by the【 C18】 _The latter do so mainly by moving to favorable sites or by changing their exposure to【 C19】 _ sources of heat. Mammals and birds also regulate their temperat
17、ure by choosing favorable environments, but primarily they regulate their temperature by making a variety of internal【 C20】 _. 21 【 C1】 （ A） scope （ B） range （ C） scale （ D） field 22 【 C2】 （ A） difference （ B） change （ C） gap （ D） departure 23 【 C3】 （ A） change （ B） gap （ C） fluctuation （ D） increas
18、e 24 【 C4】 （ A） between （ B） for （ C） with （ D） around 25 【 C5】 （ A） they （ B） it （ C） we （ D） what 26 【 C6】 （ A） measuring （ B） understanding （ C） characterizing （ D） charting 27 【 C7】 （ A） into （ B） of （ C） by （ D） with 28 【 C8】 （ A） however （ B） whereas （ C） with （ D） though 29 【 C9】 （ A） With （
19、B） Like （ C） As （ D） Being 30 【 C10】 （ A） wrong （ B） false （ C） sufficient （ D） inadequate 31 【 C11】 （ A） which （ B） that （ C） what （ D） much 32 【 C12】 （ A） But （ B） However （ C） Therefore （ D） Meanwhile 33 【 C13】 （ A） warm （ B） constant （ C） stable （ D） cold 34 【 C14】 （ A） due to （ B） because （ C）
20、because of （ D） and 35 【 C15】 （ A） However （ B） On the other hand （ C） Furthermore （ D） For example 36 【 C16】 （ A） bottoms （ B） lengths （ C） depths （ D） darkness 37 【 C17】 （ A） decided （ B） regulated （ C） controlled （ D） changed 38 【 C18】 （ A） body （ B） water （ C） environment （ D） skin 39 【 C19】 （ A
21、） various （ B） external （ C） environmental （ D） exterior 40 【 C20】 （ A） adjustments （ B） compensations （ C） regulations （ D） arrangements 三、 Reading Comprehension 40 On September 7, 2001, a 68-year-old woman in Strasbourg, France, had her gall bladder(胆囊 )removed by surgeons operating, via computer
22、form New York. It was the first complete telesurgery procedure performed by surgeons nearly 4, 000 miles away from their patient. In New York, Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic longdistance operation. A high-speed fiber-optic service provided by France Telecom ma
23、de the connection between New York and Strasbourg. The two surgeons controlled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgical system, designed by Computer Motion Inc. that enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive. The patient was released from the hospital after about 48 hours and regained
24、 normal activity the following week. The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible to overcome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay. It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than 200 milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation, between the
25、surgeons movements in New York and the return video(from Strasbourg)on his screen. The delay problem includes video coding decoding and signal transmission time. France Telecoms engineers achieved an average time delay of 150 milliseconds. “ I felt as comfortable operating on my patient as if I had
26、been in the room,“ says Marescaux. The successful collaboration(合作 )among medicine, advanced technology, and telecomm unications is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. Highly skilled surgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult operations through lo
27、ng-distance procedures. The computer systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians. More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgery operating rooms aro
28、und the world. Marescaux describes the success of the remotely performed surgical procedure as the beginning of a “third revolution“ in surgery within the last decade. The first was the arrival of minimally invasive surgery, enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a camera, meaning that
29、 the abdomen(腹部 )and thorax(胸腔 )do not have to be opened. The second was the introduction of computer-assisted surgery, where complicated software algorithms(计算法 )enhance the safety of the surgeons movements during a procedure, making them more accurate, while introducing the concept of distance bet
30、ween the surgeon and the patient. It was thus natural to imagine that this distance-currently several meters in the operating room could potentially be up to several thousand kilometers. 41 The title that best expresses the main idea is_. （ A） How the Second Revolution in Surgery Comes Out （ B） The
31、Telesurgery Revolution （ C） A Patient Was Saved （ D） Dream Comes True 42 The italicized word “telesurgery“(Para. 1, Sentence 2)can be best explained as_. （ A） an operation done over a distance （ B） an operation done on television （ C） an operation demanding special skill （ D） an operation demanding
32、high technology 43 How long did it take the patient to resume her normal activity after the operation? （ A） 24 hours. （ B） 48 hours. （ C） About a week. （ D） Almost a month. 44 What is the major barrier to telesurgery? （ A） Distance. （ B） Advanced technology. （ C） Delay. （ D） Medical facilities. 45 T
33、he writer implies that_. （ A） difficult operation can be successfully performed all over the world now （ B） compared to the “third revolution“ in surgery, the first two are less important （ C） all patients can be cured by a gall bladder-removal operation （ D） a new breakthrough has been made in surg
34、ery 45 The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. “The most worrisome development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence(显著 ),“ said the UNs 13-member Intern
35、ational Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998. The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trendsetter for young people of most cultures. “Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana(大麻 )or taking other drugs, and certain
36、 pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a persons lifestyle,“ the study says. “Surprisingly,“ says the Board, “the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by ov
37、erdose(过量用药 ).“ “ Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of recreational drug use,“ it notes. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars including Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin,
38、 John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. “In most countries, the names of certain pop s
39、tars have become familiar to the members of every household,“ the study says. The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization which encourages, rather than prevents, drug abuse. “Over the last
40、 years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive,“ says Hamid Ghodse, president of die Board. “Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs,“ he says. Ghodse also points out that all these developments have c
41、reated an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway. The present study, he says, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board
42、calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed. 46 Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with? （ A） The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an
43、 acceptable part of a persons lifestyle. （ B） The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond the boundaries of the country. （ C） No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse. （ D） The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth
44、culture. 47 The italicized phrase “under fire“(Para. 1, Sentence 1)means_. （ A） in an urgent situation （ B） facing some problems （ C） being criticized （ D） quite popular 48 Under the influence of drug-friendly pop music, what might the youth think of the death of some pop stars caused by overdose? （
45、 A） They tend to mourn the pop stars as role models. （ B） They are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs. （ C） They try to confront the deadly effect of “recreational“ drag use. （ D） They may stop abusing the drugs. 49 Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a factor that
46、has contributed to creating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse? （ A） The spreading of pop music. （ B） The media. （ C） Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups. （ D） The low price of some drugs. 50 The pop music_. （ A） has a great influence on young people of most c
47、ultures （ B） only appeals to a small number of young people （ C） is not a profitable industry （ D） is the only culprit(罪魁祸首 )responsible for drug amuse 50 Rubidium, potassium and carbon are three common elements used to date the history of Earth. The rates of radioactive decay of these elements are
48、absolutely regular when averaged out over a period of time; nothing is known to change them. To be useful as clocks, the elements have to be fairly common in natural minerals, unstable but decay slowly over millions of years to form recognizable “daughter“ products which are preserved minerals. For
49、example, an atom of radioactive rubidium decays to form an atom of strontium(another element)by converting a neutron in its nucleus to a proton and releasing an electron, generating energy in the process. The radiogenic daughter products of the decay in this case strontium atoms diffuse away and are lost above a very high temperature. So by measuring the exact proportions of rub
