1、中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷 19及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to_that it was a car. （ A） ensure （ B） examine （ C） verify （ D） testify 2 The encouraging factor is that the_ majority of people find the idea of change acceptable. （ A） numerous （ B） vast （ C） mo
2、st （ D） massive 3 The increase in student numbers_many problems for the universities. （ A） forces （ B） presses （ C） provides （ D） poses 4 Please_from smoking until the aeroplane is airborne. （ A） refrain （ B） prevent （ C） resist （ D） restrain 5 Reporters and photographers alike took great_at the rud
3、e way the actor behaved during the interview. （ A） annoyance （ B） offence （ C） resentment （ D） irritation 6 Topics for composition should be_to the experiences and interests of the students. （ A） concerned （ B） dependent （ C） connecting （ D） relevant 7 The novel contains some marvellously revealing_
4、of rural life in the 19th century. （ A） glances （ B） glimpses （ C） glares （ D） gleams 8 Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his_to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied. （ A） reaction （ B） comment （ C） impression （ D） comprehension 9 Picking flowe
5、rs in the park is absolutely_. （ A） avoided （ B） prohibited （ C） rejected （ D） repelled 10 Tony has not the least_of giving up his research work. （ A） intention （ B） interest （ C） wish （ D） desire 11 Two of the children have to sleep in one bed,but the other three have_. ones. （ A） similar （ B） sing
6、ular （ C） different （ D） separate 12 Am I to understand that his new post_no responsibility with it at all? （ A） keeps （ B） supports （ C） carries （ D） possesses 13 Animals that could not_themselves to the changed environment perished and those that could survived. （ A） change （ B） adapt （ C） modify
7、（ D） conform 14 He_interrupted me by asking many irrelevant questions. （ A） carelessly （ B） carefully （ C） continually （ D） consequently 15 If you dont_smoking,youII never get better. （ A） give off （ B） give out （ C） giver over （ D） give up 16 Scientists have discovered a close_between smoking and s
8、everal serious diseases. （ A） action （ B） connection （ C） union （ D） function 17 Despite his occasional fondness for gambling,he is still considered as a good boy_. （ A） as the whole （ B） for the whole （ C） by the whole （ D） on the whole 18 Weve_sugar.Ask Mrs.Jones to lend us some. （ A） run away wit
9、h （ B） run out of （ C） run off （ D） run down 19 I cant_him from his brother.They look very much alike. （ A） keep （ B） separate （ C） distinguish （ D） prevent 20 David loves his daughters,he is strict with them. （ A） If （ B） Although （ C） When （ D） For 21 It is not considered_to pick ones teeth in pub
10、lic. （ A） respectful （ B） respected （ C） respectable （ D） respective 22 Beth could_her coat easily because it has large red buttons. （ A） justify （ B） identify （ C） prove （ D） test 23 He was busy writing the essay all the morning,only_occasionally to have a cup of tea. （ A） breaking off （ B） breakin
11、g out （ C） breaking （ D） breaking away 24 The last guests to reach the hotel_at 12 oclock at night. （ A） checked out （ B） checked up （ C） checked in （ D） chock on 25 Bill had been looking for his gloves for quite a while,which_eventually under a cushion. （ A） turned up （ B） turned on （ C） turned dow
12、n （ D） turned over 26 On hearing the news that her father died of a car accident,she_tears. （ A） burst out （ B） burst in （ C） burst into （ D） burst forth 27 The electronic computer is_some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains. （ A） taking care （ B） taking in （ C） taking off （ D
13、） taking over 28 The picnic_at last after being twice postponed. （ A） came off （ B） came up （ C） put on （ D） went on 29 He swallows his words so much that I can never_what he is saying. （ A） make out （ B） put up （ C） deal with （ D） take up 30 If you_your influence,they may change their decision. （ A
14、） compel （ B） exert （ C） expose （ D） vary 31 Do you have an afternoon_this week to meet the President? （ A） obtainable （ B） available （ C） visible （ D） reliable 32 He_the job because it involved too much traveling. （ A） took up （ B） applied for （ C） turned down （ D） switched to 33 The medias_in the
15、presidents private life switched the attention away from the real issues. （ A） capacity （ B） concentration （ C） focus （ D） involvement 34 Juliet is not at work. She is taking a_until the end of this week. （ A） vocation （ B） vacation （ C） vacancy （ D） volume 35 In todays rapidly changing economy,oppo
16、rtunities_for those who are motivated and dedicated to achieving their career goals. （ A） abound （ B） refrain （ C） transcend （ D） uphold 36 His strange behavior confirmed his neighbors in their_that he was guilty. （ A） suspicion （ B） doubt （ C） estimate （ D） imagination 37 Next week youd better brin
17、g all your questions here. Were going to have a question-and-an-swer_. （ A） section （ B） service （ C） session （ D） course 38 This distinguished director_the plot for the prizewinning film while he was still a college student. （ A） conceived （ B） constituted （ C） reflected （ D） calculated 39 The poli
18、ce have asked for the_of the public in tracing the whereabouts of the missing child. （ A） award （ B） co-operation （ C） position （ D） helpfulness 40 He phoned his uncle who lived in the country,asking him to_his two schoolmates for the weekend. （ A） assemble （ B） accommodate （ C） raise （ D） resemble
19、二、 Reading Comprehension 40 From the perspective of the poor, it seems obvious that the benefits would outweigh the costs. The benefits to poor people of no longer being poor would be enormous. Their intake of protein and other nutrition would increase their choice of housing and the quality of the
20、housing they select would improve. Crimes related to poverty(that the poor generally commit against each other)murder, rape, robbery, burglary, child abuse, spouse abuse, and drug related crimeswould probably decrease. Apart from these specific improvements, the poor would benefit by an increase in
21、the control over their own lives. Increased purchasing power represents a part of this. More money to spend not only permits the purchase of additional goods and services but greatly widens the choice of goods and services that potentially could be purchased. The poor, if no longer poor, would also
22、gain greater control of various non-fiscal aspects of their lives. As their economic stake in society increases, their political stake is likely to increase as well. They will note more, and thus exercise a greater influence in municipal, local, state, and federal elections. As a result, elected off
23、icials will respond to them more effectively. Agencies of governmentpolice, fire, sanitation, streets, parks, and so forthwill also respond more promptly and effectively. Public school systems in particular will be more responsive. The former poor who dislike the education their children are getting
24、 in public schools will have an increased ability to “vote with the dollars“ by enrolling their children in previously unaffordable private schools or moving to living quarters in previously unaffordable communities. Responding to the former poor will become a matter of survival for the teachers and
25、 administrators who depend for their livelihood on the public schools. While the benefits to the poor of enjoying a right not to be poor may for the most part be obvious, some potential disadvantagesto themshould also be considered. First, will not the creation of a right not to be poor reduce the m
26、otivation of the poor to exert themselves to get out of poverty? It is arguable that to the extent that self-help is rendered unnecessary to achieve a minimum living standard, many of the poor will refrain from enrolling in the schools, undertaking the enterprises, and in general taking the risks th
27、at today elevate many of them not only above the poverty line but into the middle class and beyond. The establishment of a right not to be poor could result, arguably, in the poor as a wholeor at least a substantial percentage of themending up economically worse off in the long run. Second, to the e
28、xtent that a guarantee of non-poverty reduces the poors incentive to exert themselves, will there not be a parallel reduction in their innovative contributions to the economic well-being of our entire societyincluding the well-being of the former poor along with the well-being of the rest of us? In
29、other words, a guarantee of non-poverty may arguably induce the poor childwhose deprivation would otherwise have spurred the child to graduate from high school, finish college, get a Ph.D. in physics, and win the Nobel Prize for devising a way to produce cheaper energyto refrain, because of the secu
30、rity offered by the guarantee, from embarking on a course that would greatly benefit all former poor people as well as society as a whole. 41 Which one of the following is usually viewed as a crime related to poverty? （ A） A rich businessman humiliates his poor fellow for not working hard. （ B） A wo
31、rker beats a gentleman for his staring at his beautiful wife. （ C） A poor man murders another poor one just for his money. （ D） A president of a company sends a spy to another company to steal some information. 42 “Vote with dollars“means_. （ A） to choose what they like by the use of money （ B） to m
32、ove to living quarters in previously unaffordable communities （ C） to send their children to better private schools （ D） to elect a leader with the treatment of dollars 43 What is the authors viewpoint toward“the right of not to be poor“? （ A） Absolutely approval （ B） Mixed （ C） Moderately approval
33、（ D） Dislike 44 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_. （ A） the benefits excel definitely the costs from the perspective of the poor （ B） the costs excel the benefits definitely from the perspective of the poor （ C） the benefits to poor people of no longer being poor would be enormous （
34、D） the benefits excel the costs is not absolute 44 Green-space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present it
35、 is generally accepted,although more a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green-spaces in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the
36、 functions of green-space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject,I shall,within the scope of this lecture,enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities. The theoretical separation of living,
37、working,traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neig
38、hborhood of the home. We have come to conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The ur
39、ban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible,and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children
40、cannot be allowed to play in the streets,because the risks of traffic are too great,if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you. 45 According to the auth
41、or, the importance of green-space in the urban environment_. （ A） is still unknown （ B） is usually neglected （ C） has been fully recognized （ D） is being closely studied 46 The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of green-space should be provided_. （ A） in special areas （ B） in the nei
42、ghborhood of the house （ C） in the suburbs （ D） in gardens and parks 47 According to the author, green-space facilities should be designed in such a way that_. （ A） an increasing number of recreative activities might be developed （ B） more and more people might have access to them （ C） more obligato
43、ry activities might take on a recreative aspect （ D） recreative activities might be brought into our homes 48 The main idea of the passage is that_. （ A） better use of green-space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life （ B） attention must be directed to the improvement of
44、 recreative possibilities （ C） the urban environment is providing more recreative activities than it did many years ago （ D） priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities 48 It has been challenging for most twentieth-century American policy-makers to recapture the memory of the
45、early United States,Constitution and all, as a revolutionary forceto ascertain,in other words,the original motives of our founding fathers. The argument that the war was a revolution is essentially universal among the progressives like Turner, Becket, and Jameson,who argue that the war was fought fo
46、r, or at least caused, greater democracy in the colonies,and generally agree that the war was a true revolution, not simply a rejection of British tyranny. Though this may be truewars do tend to terminate Old Orders and ancient regimesit is hardly a singular observation regarding the American Revolu
47、tion. A more salient hypothesis is that the fight for greater democracy spawned not so much from a desire for change as an affirmation of the existing order. Those gaining votes and other social privileges only wished to profit from the existing systemthese were no sans culottes beheading kings and
48、aristocrats as the Frenchmen did in their frenzied Terror and Englishmen who desired home governance,at first seeking to preserve local autonomy and loyalty to the King, not to Parliament. It was only after the initial conflict that the revolutionaries slipped into the position of demanding sovereig
49、nty. Classwise,those ruling in 1770 also held power in 1790,while the Parliament,a bicameral legislature,was replaced by the Congress,another bicameral legislature and the King supplanted by a President, who could very easily have maintained his position for life. This nearly created a tradition that the head-of-state-for-life would be chosen without the benefit of heredity, a disastrous case suff
