1、中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 How did it come _ that you made a lot of mistakes in your homework? （ A） about （ B） along （ C） around （ D） by 2 He could produce no evidence _ his argument. （ A） in respect of （ B） in view of （ C） in support of （ D） on account of 3 The government
2、should _ with the irrational regulations restricting drinking hours. （ A） break away （ B） come up （ C） get away （ D） do away 4 I know him well enough to accept his explanation _ . （ A） without question （ B） by all means （ C） at any cost （ D） in any case 5 It was a small country house, but it was lar
3、ge _ urban standards. （ A） at （ B） for （ C） by （ D） from 6 The travellers sought shelter _ the rain and happened to find a road-side inn. （ A） from （ B） against （ C） for （ D） with 7 All our attempts to _ the child from drowning were in vain. （ A） regain （ B） recover （ C） reserve （ D） rescue 8 This i
4、s the first draft of the book. Please feel perfectly free to _ it. （ A） deal with （ B） comment on （ C） cope with （ D） dwell on 9 I was always taught that it was _ to interrupt. （ A） rude （ B） coarse （ C） rough （ D） crude 10 Except on official _ Such as formal receptions, American society has a certa
5、in amount of informality. （ A） cases （ B） situations （ C） events （ D） occasions 11 The final document was, of course, supposed to mend the damage _ upon the world by the war. （ A） imposed （ B） impressed （ C） compelled （ D） compressed 12 While walking along the icy river banks, we could see cracks in
6、 the ice _ in all directions. （ A） radiating （ B） dividing （ C） splitting （ D） tearing 13 Tibet, the second largest province of China, is _ in uranium(铀 )and underground thermal power(地热 ). （ A） wealthy （ B） abundant （ C） adequate （ D） sufficient 14 The young couple were quite excited by the _ of ha
7、ving their first child. （ A） perspective （ B） prospect （ C） future （ D） foresight 15 So many children have bought the balloons that the store is now out of _ . （ A） stuff （ B） material （ C） stock （ D） staff 16 She was always in perfect sympathy with me _ my love of nature. （ A） with regard to （ B） i
8、n contrast to （ C） in case of （ D） in the event of 17 There are nations whose lack of contact with the outside world has _ poverty. （ A） fallen into （ B） consisted in （ C） resulted in （ D） amounted to 18 This is the _ to an improvement of their living conditions. （ A） key （ B） decision （ C） essence
9、（ D） alternative 19 It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it _ as well as we had expected. （ A） went off （ B） worked off （ C） broke off （ D） came off 20 Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th _ the birth of Jesus Christ. （ A） in favour of
10、（ B） in honour of （ C） in terms of （ D） in accordance with 21 The _ action of the policemen saved the people in the house from being burnt. （ A） alert （ B） urgent （ C） prompt （ D） punctual 22 The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in _ ag
11、ain next spring. （ A） assembly （ B） conference （ C） convention （ D） session 23 Your _ is the round of things that you usually do each day. （ A） practice （ B） habit （ C） routine （ D） custom 24 David is the _ holder of the world 5,000-meter race world record, but there is no guarantee that he will win
12、 in the Olympic Games. （ A） prevalent （ B） dominant （ C） current （ D） prominent 25 Your complaint is being _ ; when we have anything to report well write to you again. （ A） looked through （ B） looked over （ C） looked after （ D） looked into 26 To our delight, she quickly _ herself to the new situatio
13、n. （ A） acquainted （ B） exposed （ C） adapted （ D） devoted 27 He _ so much work that he couldnt really do it efficiently. （ A） put on （ B） brought on （ C） took on （ D） carded on 28 Farmers are more anxious for rain than people in cities because they have more at _ . （ A） danger （ B） stake （ C） loss （
14、 D） threat 29 We _ Edisons success to his intelligence and hard work. （ A） describe （ B） subject （ C） attribute （ D） refer 30 It is well known that retired workers in China are _ free medical care. （ A） entitled to （ B） associated with （ C） involved in （ D） devoted to 31 She once again went through
15、her composition carefully to _ all spelling mistakes from it. （ A） eliminate （ B） withdraw （ C） diminish （ D） delete 32 The newly-built Science Building seems _ enough to last a hundred years. （ A） sophisticated （ B） steady （ C） robust （ D） substantial 33 A man has to make _ for his old age by putti
16、ng aside enough money to live on when old. （ A） supply （ B） assurance （ C） provision （ D） storage 34 The cells(电池 )were designed to _ sunshine to electricity to run a motor. （ A） convert （ B） alter （ C） modify （ D） exchange 35 A _ of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor
17、 for approval. （ A） shorthand （ B） scheme （ C） schedule （ D） sketch 36 The bright flowers and warm winds _ that spring had come. （ A） threatened （ B） announced （ C） stated （ D） pronounced 37 In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly _ if the invitation to a dinner party is extended on
18、ly three or four days before the party date. （ A） admired （ B） regarded （ C） expected （ D） worshiped 38 Few people realize how rich that area is. It is a land of treasure _ treasure. （ A） piled on （ B） derived from （ C） turned over （ D） increased by 39 The jeweler assured Mr. White that the stone wa
19、s a (n) _ diamond and not an imitation. （ A） graceful （ B） genuine （ C） actual （ D） exact 40 As the clouds drifted away an even higher peak became _ to the climbers. （ A） obvious （ B） visible （ C） present （ D） apparent 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 Sustainable development is applied to just about ever
20、ything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress
21、 without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives. To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly ru
22、ral society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localised. In terms of energy use and the nutrients(营养成分 ) captured in the product it was relatively inefficient. Contrast this with farming since the s
23、tart of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialise and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat(栖息地 ) loss and to diminishing biodiversity. Whats more demand for animal pr
24、oducts in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions. All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will
25、have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact“. The key will
26、be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons (正反两方面 )of all the various ways land is used. There are many different
27、ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental (costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon cost of transposing tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional he
28、ating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity. What is crucial is recognising that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production. 41 How do people often measure progress in agriculture? （ A） By its productivity.
29、（ B） By its sustainability. （ C） By its impact on the environment. （ D） By its contribution to economic growth. 42 Specialisation and the effort to increase yields have resulted in _ . （ A） localised pollution （ B） the shrinking of farmland （ C） competition from overseas （ D） the decrease of biodive
30、rsity 43 What does the author think of traditional farming practices? （ A） They have remained the same over the centuries. （ B） They have not kept pace with population growth. （ C） They are not necessarily sustainable. （ D） They are environmentally friendly. 44 What will agriculture be like in the 2
31、1st century? （ A） It will go through radical changes. （ B） It will supply mort animal products. （ C） It will abandon traditional farming practices. （ D） It will cause zero damage to the environment. 45 What is the authors purpose in writing this passage? （ A） To remind people of the need of sustaina
32、ble development. （ B） To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production. （ C） To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress. （ D） To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is. 45 The percentage of immigrants(including those unlawfully present)in the United States has been
33、 creeping upward for years. At 12. 6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid 1920s. We are not about to go hack to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting Americas bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort o
34、f newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did. We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and, c
35、ontributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success. Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UC
36、LA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants. Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to fol
37、low in the footsteps of American blacks-that large parts of the community may become mired (陷入 ) in a, seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans. Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to(降入 ) segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is th
38、e highest for any ethnic group in the country. We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to lear
39、n English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation, about bow to ensure that people, once outsiders, dont forever remain marginalized within t
40、hese shores. That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admiss
41、ions bar for the latest wave of would be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right. 46 How were immigrants viewed by U. S. Congress in the early days? （ A） They were of inferior races. （ B） They were a source of political corruption. （ C） They were a threat to the nations se
42、curity. （ D） They were part of the nations bloodstream. 47 What does the author think of the new immigrants? （ A） They will be a dynamic workforce in the U. S. （ B） They can do just as well as their predecessors. （ C） They will be very disappointed on the new land. （ D） They may find it hard to fit
43、into the mainstream. 48 What does Edward Telles research say about Mexican-Americans? （ A） They may slowly improve from generation to generation. （ B） They will do better in terms of educational attainment （ C） They will melt into the African-American community. （ D） They may forever remain poor and
44、 underachieving. 49 What should be done to help the new immigrants? （ A） Rid them of their inferiority complex. （ B） Urge them to adopt American customs. （ C） Prevent them from being marginalized. （ D） Teach them standard American English. 50 According to the author, the burning issue concerning imm
45、igration is _ . （ A） how to deal with people entering the U. S. without documents （ B） how to help immigrants to better fit into American society （ C） how to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border （ D） how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U. S. 50 They may be one of Britains
46、most successful exports and among the worlds most popular TV shows, ranking alongside the World Cup Final and the Olympic Games opening ceremony in terms of audience. But, in Britain, beauty competitions are unfashionable. To most people, beauty contests seem as out-dated as bowing. Nicolas Barker,
47、a lawyer in London, said that“ As much as I think its fine for women to do it I dont think its interesting and in fact. I think theyre irrelevant to today“. Last year, Miss World was broadcast to 142 countries, but it wasnt even shown in this country where it started in 1951. It wasnt always this wa
48、y in Britain. once, beauty queens dated footballers, traveled the world and were guaranteed fame, fortune and fun. Now, they open new supermarkets, are sponsored by dry-cleaning companies and, if theyre lucky, they get free clothes from supermarkets. When Francesca Merchant was crowned Miss Sussex i
49、n 1969, it was something to be extremely proud of. “I came from a small town, and all my friends were green with envy when they found out Id won. My boyfriends at the time thought it was terrific and boasted to everyone that he was going out with a beauty queen.“ But the good times couldnt last The feminist movement gathered momentum. Some women were determ
