1、北京理工大学考博英语模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 More than half of all Jews married in U.S. since 1990 have wed people who arent Jewish. Nearly 480,000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And,if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of Cal
2、ifornia at Los Angeles is any indication,its almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish“ when they get older. That survey asked college freshmen,who are usually around age 18,about their own and their parents religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those
3、 with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasnt Jewish,the number dropped to 38 percent,and when the mother wasnt Jew,just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish,too. “I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was i
4、n these mixed marriage families.“ Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasnt actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularl
5、y striking,and deserve a more detailed study. She says its obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children,but says its not clear at this point why thats the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their reli
6、gion. Thats something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didnt have information on how they feel about their religion,whether they have any concern about their issues of identification,how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new studys going to cover som
7、e of that,“ she says. Jay Rubin is executive director of Hillel.a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion,its an experience. And with that in mind.Hillei has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers wi
8、ll concentrate primarily on young adults,and those with two Jewish parents,and those with just one,those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.
9、 1 The best title of this passage is_. （ A） Jewish and Non-Jewish in American （ B） Jewish Identity in America （ C） Judaism-a Religion? （ D） College Jewish Students 2 Among the freshmen at UCLA_thought themselves as Jewish. （ A） most （ B） 93 % of those whose parents were both Jewish （ C） 62 % of thos
10、e only whose father were Jewish （ D） 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish 3 The phrase “interfaith marriage“ in the Paragraph 3 refers to the_. （ A） marriage of people based on mutual belief （ B） marriage of people for the common faith （ C） marriage of people of different religious faiths （ D）
11、 marriage of people who have faith in each other 4 Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Saxs research? （ A） The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish. （ B） The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen. （ C）
12、The research survey didnt find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion. （ D） The research presents a new perspective for the future study. 5 Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph? （ A） Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel. （ B） Mr. Rubin thinks that J
13、udaism is not a religion and its an experience. （ C） Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world. （ D） Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. 5 “Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning wor
14、ld economy should guarantee two basic rights:the right to private property and the fight to enforceable contracts“,says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998. Some have argued that such fights are merely
15、luxuries that wealthy societies bestow,but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world,in short,because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights,“ he says. “Certain si
16、mple economic activities,such as food gathering and making handicrafts,rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities,such as the mass production of goods,require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive,but it is
17、 really property-intensive“, Olson observes. “No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits,whether roving or stationary,“ he argues. “There is no private property without government individual
18、s may have possessions,the way a dog possesses a bone,but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.“ Would-be entrepreneurs.no matter how small,also need a government and cou
19、rt system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact,the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks.,if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us,and the bank w
20、ould not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,“ Olson writes. Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities
21、 of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view,but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather,the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incent
22、ive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights.there are strong incentives(刺激，动力 )to produce,invest,and engage in mutually advantageous trade,and therefore at least some economic advance,“ Olson concludes. 6 Which of the following is TRUE about Olson? （ A） He was a fict
23、ion writer. （ B） He edited the book Power and Prosperity. （ C） He taught economics at the University of Maryland. （ D） He was against the ownership of private property. 7 Which of the following represents Olsons point of view? （ A） Protecting individual property fights encourages wealth building. （
24、B） Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights. （ C） Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society. （ D） In some countries,people dont have secure individual rights because theyre poor. 8 What does Olson think about mass production? （ A） Its capital in
25、tensive. （ B） Its property intensive. （ C） It relies on individual labor. （ D） It relies on individual skills. 9 What is the basis for the banking system? （ A） Contract system that can be enforced （ B） Peoples willingness to deposit money in banks （ C） The possibility that the bank can make profits
26、from its borrowers （ D） The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans 10 According to Olson,what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries? （ A） government intervention （ B） lack of secure individual rights （ C） being short of capital （ D） lack of a free mark
27、et 10 For laymen ethnology is the most interesting of the biological sciences for the very reason that it concerns animals in their normal activities and therefore,if we wish,we can assess the possible dangers and advantages in our own behavioral roots. Ethnology also is interesting methodologically
28、 because it combines in new ways very scrupulous field observations with experimentation in laboratories. The field workers have had some handicaps in winning respect for themselves. For a long time they were considered as little better than amateur animal-watchers certainly not scientists,since the
29、ir facts were not gained by experimental procedures:they could not conform to the hard-and-fast rule that a problem set up and solved by one scientist must be tested by other scientists, under identical conditions and reaching identical results. Of course many situations in the lives of animals simp
30、ly cannot be rehearsed and controlled in this way. The fall flocking of wild free birds cant be,or the roving animals over long distances, or even the details of spontaneous family relationships. Since these never can be reproduced in a laboratory, they are then not worth knowing about? The ethnolog
31、ists who choose field work have got themselves out of this impasse by greatly refining, the techniques of observing. At the start of a project all the animals to be studied are live-trapped,marked individually,and released. Motion pictures,often in color, provide permanent records of their subsequen
32、t activities. Recording of the animals voices by electrical sound equipment is considered essential,and the most meticulous notes are kept of all that occurs. With this material other biologists,far from the scene,later can verify the reports. Moreover, two field observers often go out together,chec
33、king each others observations right there in the field. Ethnology, the word, is derived from the Greek ethos, meaning the characteristic traits or features which distinguish a group-any particular group of people or,in biology,a group of animals such as a species. Ethnologists have the intention of
34、studying “the whole sequence of acts which constitute an animals behavior.“ln abridged dictionaries ethnology is sometimes defined simply as “the objective study of animal behavior,“and ethnologists do emphasize their wish to eliminate myths. 11 In the first sentence, the word“laymen“means_. （ A） pe
35、ople who stand aside （ B） people who are not trained as biologists （ C） people who are amateur biologists （ D） people who love animals 12 According to the passage,ethnology is_. （ A） a new branch of biology （ B） an old Greek science （ C） a pseudo-science （ D） a science for amateurs 13 “The field wor
36、kers have handicaps in winning respect for themselves. “This sentence means_. （ A） ethnologists when working in the field are handicapped （ B） ethnologists have problems in winning recognition as scientists （ C） ethnologists are looked down upon when they work in the field （ D） ethnologists meet wit
37、h lots of difficulties when doing field work 14 According to the explanation of the scientific rule of experiment in the passage, “hard-and-fast“means experiment procedures_. （ A） are difficult and quick to follow （ B） must be carried out in a strict and quick way （ C） must be followed strictly to a
38、void false and loose results （ D） hard and unreasonable for scientists to observe 15 The meaning of the underlined words in “the details of spontaneous family relationships“can be expressed as_. （ A） natural family relationships （ B） quickly occurring family relationships （ C） animals acting like a
39、natural family （ D） animal family behavior that cannot be preplanned or controlled 15 When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting,filling or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $
40、12 to $ 50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy.“Im a good economic indicator,“she says.“I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars.“So Spero is downscaling,shopping at middle
41、-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home,instead of Neiman Marcus. “I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me,too“she says. Even before Alan Greenspans admission that Americas red-hot economy is cooling,lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown t
42、hemselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets,sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers,who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas,the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already,expels say, holiday sales
43、 are off 7 percent from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned,not panicked,and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects,even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say theyre not in despair because,despite the drea
44、dful headlines,their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan,“theres a new gold rush happening in the $ 4 million to $ 10 million range,predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,“says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco,prices are Still
45、rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets.“lnstead of 20 to 30 offers,now maybe you only get two or three,“says John Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broke. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potenti
46、al home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings,which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sus-tained boom. Diners might see an upside,too. Getting a
47、table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting. 16 By“Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet“(Line 1,Para. 1),the author means_. （ A） Spero can hardly maintain her business （ B） Spero is too much enga
48、ged in her work （ C） Spero has grown out of her bad habit （ D） Spero is not in a desperate situation 17 How do the public feel about the current economic situation? （ A） Optimistic （ B） Confused （ C） Carefree （ D） Panicked 18 When mentioning“the $ 4 million to $ 10 million range“(Lines 3, Para 3)the
49、 author is talking about_. （ A） gold market （ B） real estate （ C） stock exchange （ D） venture investment 19 Why can many people see“silver linings“to the economic slowdown? （ A） They would benefit in certain ways. （ B） The stock market shows signs of recovery. （ C） Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom. （ D） The purchasing power would be enhanced. 20 To which of the following idea is the author likely to agree? （ A） A now boom, around the corner. （ B） Tighten the belt,the single remedy. （ C） Caution all ri
