1、北京航空航天大学考博英语模拟试卷 14及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 One silly question I simply cannot tolerate is “How do you feel? “ Usually the question is asked of a man in action-a man walking along the street, or busily working at his desk. So what do you expect him to say? Hell probably say, “Fine, I m all
2、right.“ But you have put a bug a his ear maybe now he is not sure. If you are his good friend, you may have seen something on his face, or in his walk, that he overlooked that morning. It makes him worrying a little. He looks in a mirror to see if everything is all right, while you go merrily on you
3、r way asking someone else, “How do you feel? “ Every question has its time and place. Its perfectly acceptable, for instance, to ask “How do you feel?“ if you are visiting a close friend in the hospital. But if the fellow is walking on both legs, hurrying to take a train or sitting at his desk worki
4、ng, its no time to ask him that silly question. When George Bernard Shaw, the famous British writer of plays was in his eighties, someone asked him , “How do you feel? “ Shaw put him in his place. “When you reach my age,“ he said, “either you feel all right or you are dead.“ 1 According to the write
5、r, greetings, such as “How do you feel? “_. （ A） show ones consideration for others （ B） are a good way to make friends （ C） are proper to ask a man in action （ D） generally make one feel uneasy 2 The question “How do you feel? “ seems to be correct and suitable when asked of_. （ A） a friend who is
6、ill （ B） a person who has lost a close friend （ C） a stranger who looks somewhat worried （ D） a man who is working at his desk 3 George Bernard Shaws reply in this passage shows his_. （ A） silliness （ B） cleverness （ C） carelessness （ D） politeness 4 “You have put a bug in his ear“ means that you ha
7、ve_. （ A） made him laugh （ B） shown concern for him （ C） made fun of him （ D） given him some kind of warning 5 This passage can be entitled_. （ A） A Silly Question （ B） Dont Trouble a Busy Man （ C） What Are Good Greetings （ D） George Bernard Shaws Reply 5 In recent years many countries of the world
8、have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? The evidence shows that while variety certainly makes the worker s life more enjoyable, it does not actually
9、 make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then, variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important. There is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be
10、 given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus, although freedom of choice may be important, usually very little can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much a worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factor
11、ies the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than a large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the workers contr
12、ibution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets th
13、em enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we make their jobs more interesting, they will want neither more money nor shorter working hours. 6 Varied jobs, in writers opinion, will_. （ A） offer greater productivity （ B） drive workers
14、to work harder （ C） make workers more productive （ D） make workers life more enjoyable, but do not make them more hardworking 7 According to the passage, freedom can not be easily given since_. （ A） it is in not what workers care about （ B） it has nothing to do with increasing productivity （ C） free
15、dom will do harm to the management （ D） machines in modern factories must be organized in a fixed way 8 Degree of the workers contribution is greater when_. （ A） a factory possesses more experts （ B） a factory has many small production lines （ C） workers enjoy more freedom （ D） workers work at a lar
16、ge production line 9 Workers want more money and shorter working hours to_. （ A） enjoy themselves more after work （ B） produce greater work flow （ C） show their great abilities （ D） challenge the management 10 According to the passage, the statement that best describes the writers attitude is_. （ A）
17、 there are no ways to make workers more productive （ B） workers want more variety, freedom and money, but shorter working time and less contribution （ C） variety,freedom,contribution, more money and shorter working time seem possible factors leading to greater productivity, actually they are not or
18、they are impossible （ D） it is impossible to make workers work more productively, because the work they do is so boring 10 There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requi
19、rements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them. The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited col
20、lections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature(often referred to as “background“), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and int
21、erpretations of the results(often referred to as discussion). The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers(research or practitioners)and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Article
22、s intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for
23、 analyzing the data. It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not. The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting res
24、earch which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the pur
25、pose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, imp
26、lications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the students ability to carry out research. The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings r
27、esearch papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article,
28、 here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners. 11 The best title for this passage could be_. （ A） Types of Research Reports （ B） Types of Journal Articles （ C） Wri
29、ting of research Reports （ D） Writing of Different Articles 12 The common aspect for the journal articles, theses and conference papers lies in that_. （ A） they are all for the practitioners （ B） they are all to be read by researchers （ C） they are all for being published （ D） they are all forms of
30、reporting research 13 We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through_. （ A） their writing style and length （ B） their aims and possible audiences （ C） their presented places and time （ D） their content and purposes 14 Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in th
31、is passage? （ A） Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way. （ B） All the theses or dissertations and conference papers are reported in spoken languages. （ C） Both the journal articles and conference papers are influenced greatly by the intended receivers
32、. （ D） The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways. 15 How can a professor evaluate a students capability of implementing the research? （ A） By concentrating on the main factors like the purpose, background, procedures and discussion. （ B） By emphasizing the practical
33、implications and recommendations of the research. （ C） By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such as the tools, procedures, the process of data analysis, the results, conclusions, etc. （ D） By noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of
34、 the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the date and results, etc. 15 In recent years, many Americans of both sexes and various ages have become interested in improving their bodies. They have become devoted to physical fitness. The need to exercise has almost become compulsive
35、 with many persons who have a strong desire to be more physically fit. By nature, Americans are enthusiastic and energetic about their hobbies and pastimes. They apply this enthusiasm, and energy to jogging/running. As a result, there are running clubs to join and many books and magazines to read ab
36、out running. The desire to be physically fit is explained by a “passion“ for good health. The high rate of heart attacks in the 1960s caused an increase on the part of the public in improving the human body. Middle-aged men especially suffer from heart attacks. Thus, they are one group strongly inte
37、rested in more physical exercise. In fact, many doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active, especially those who have sedentary jobs. It is interesting to note that the rate of heart attacks began to decrease in the 1970s and it is still decreasing. Physical fitness currently
38、enjoys a favored role in the United States. It is a new “love“ that many Americans have cherished. Will it last long? Only time will tell or until another “new passion“ comes a-long. 16 In recent years, many Americans have become interested in improving their bodies because_. （ A） they are enthusias
39、tic about their hobbies and pastimes （ B） they have a strong desire to be more physically fit （ C） there are many running clubs to join （ D） there are many books and magazines to read about running 17 The passage implies that_ is a great favorite of many Americans, men and women, old and young. （ A）
40、 jogging/running （ B） joining running clubs （ C） reading books and magazines about running （ D） going in for all kinds of sports 18 Middle-aged men suffering from heart attacks_. （ A） are compulsive joggers （ B） are encouraged by their doctors to go in for jogging/running （ C） are interested in taki
41、ng more physical exercise （ D） are enthusiastic and energetic about hobbies and pastimes 19 In the sentence “In fact, many doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active, e-specially those who have sedentary jobs“, the word “sedentary“ means_. （ A） involving physical work （ B） nee
42、ding much sitting （ C） energy-consuming （ D） sleep-producing 20 According to the passage, will the love for physical exercise last long for Americans? （ A） Yes （ B） No （ C） Somebody can tell （ D） It is hard to tell 二、 Structure and Vocabulary 21 Taking photographs is strictly_here, as it may damage
43、the precious cave paintings. （ A） forbidden （ B） rejected （ C） excluded （ D） denied 22 Mr. Browns condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will_. （ A） pull back （ B） pull up （ C） pull through （ D） pull out 23 Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-dema
44、nd, always-available products and services that suit the customers_rather than the companys. （ A） benefit （ B） availability （ C） suitability （ D） convenience 24 The priest made the_ of the cross when he entered the church. （ A） mark （ B） signal （ C） sign （ D） gesture 25 This spacious room is_furnish
45、ed with just a few articles in it. （ A） lightly （ B） sparsely （ C） hardly （ D） rarely 26 The day was breaking and people began to go to work so the murderer was unable to_of the body. （ A） dispense （ B） dispose （ C） discard （ D） discharge 27 Can you imagine ! He offered me $ 5,000 to break my contra
46、ct. That s_. Of course I didnt agree. I would take legal action. （ A） fraud （ B） blackmail （ C） bribery （ D） compensation 28 Her remarks_a complete disregard for human rights. （ A） magnified （ B） maintained （ C） manipulated （ D） manifested 29 Ive told you_that you cannot go out and play until youve
47、finished your homework. （ A） once and for all （ B） to all intents （ C） all the way （ D） in all respects 30 I should be able to finish the task on time,_you provide me with the necessary guidance. （ A） in case （ B） provided that （ C） or else （ D） as if 31 On behalf of my company, I am_to you and your
48、 colleagues for your generous help. （ A） subjected （ B） inclined （ C） available （ D） obliged 32 His office is_to the Presidents; it usually takes him about three minutes to get there. （ A） related （ B） adhesive （ C） adherent （ D） adjacent 33 There isno students in the class likes the mistress, who i
49、s used to being_of everything they do. （ A） emotional （ B） optimistic （ C） interested （ D） critical 34 Shares on the stock market have_as a result of a worldwide economic downturn. （ A） turned （ B） changed （ C） floated （ D） fluctuated 35 He was_with the deadly disease when he was 14, and has suffered with it for 10 years. （ A） induced （ B） inflicted （ C） inserted （ D） integrated 36 Every person on the sales team is_because they work together
