1、北京航空航天大学考博英语模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星 )now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星 )that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun f
2、ar from Earth and dont threaten us. But there are also thousands whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $ 40 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $ 10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the sc
3、ientists say, well have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldnt be cheap. Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are : 1) How likely the event is ; and 2) How bad the consequences if the even
4、t occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 400, 000 years. Sounds pretty rare-but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we dont take care of these big asteroids, theyll take care of us,“ says one scientist. “Its that simple.
5、“ The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的 ) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them,“ said a New York Times article. 1 What does the passage say about astero
6、ids and meteoroids? （ A） They are heavenly bodies different in composition. （ B） They are heavenly bodies similar in nature. （ C） There are more asteroids than meteoroids. （ D） Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids. 2 What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth? （ A）
7、 It is very unlikely but the danger exists. （ B） Such a collision might occur once every 25 years. （ C） Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected. （ D） Its still too early to say whether such a collision might occur. 3 What do people think of the suggestion of using n
8、uclear weapons to alter the course of asteroids? （ A） It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem. （ B） It may create more problems than it might solve. （ C） It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely. （ D） Further research should be done before it i
9、s proved applicable. 4 We can conclude from the passage that _. （ A） while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world （ B） asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near future （ C） the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since
10、 it is unlikely to happen in our lifetime （ D） workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth. 5 Which of the following best describes the authors tone in this pass age? （ A） Optimistic. （ B） Critical. （ C） Objective. （ D） Arbitrary. 5 Believe it or not, opt
11、ical illusion (错觉 ) can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形 )painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are,
12、and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to repeat Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns red
13、uce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest-curves, exit slopes, traffic circle
14、s, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bar. Chevrons, scientists say, not only give driver
15、s the impress ion that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents. 6 The passage mainly discusses _. （ A） a new way of highway speed control （ B） a new pattern
16、for painting highways （ C） a new approach to training drivers （ D） a new type of optical illusion 7 On roads painted with chevrons drivers tend to feel that _. （ A） they should avoid speed-related hazards （ B） they are driving in the wrong lane （ C） they should slow down their speed （ D） they are ap
17、proaching the speed limit 8 The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former _. （ A） can keep drivers awake （ B） can cut road accidents in half （ C） will have a longer effect on drivers （ D） will look more attractive 9 The American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety
18、 plans to _. （ A） try out the Japanese method in certain areas （ B） change the road signs across the country （ C） replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons （ D） repeat the Japanese road patterns 10 What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads? （ A） They are fal
19、ling out of use in the United States. （ B） They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time. （ C） They are applicable only on broad roads. （ D） They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles. 10 There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in j
20、ournals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them
21、. The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature ( often referred to as “background“ ), p
22、rocedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion). The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important fo
23、r the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method
24、 used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data. It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend
25、 whether they should be published or not. The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can b
26、e examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of d
27、ata analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the students ability to carry out research. The conferen
28、ce paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the researc
29、h. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners. 11 The best title
30、for this passage could be _. （ A） Types of Research Reports （ B） Types of Journal Articles （ C） Writing of research Reports （ D） Writing of Different Articles 12 The common aspect for the journal articles, theses and conference papers lies in that _. （ A） they are all for the practitioners （ B） they
31、 are all to be read by researchers （ C） they are all for being published （ D） they are all forms of reporting research 13 We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through _. （ A） their writing style and length （ B） their aims and possible audiences （ C） their presented places
32、 and time （ D） their content and purposes 14 Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in this passage? （ A） Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way. （ B） All the theses or dissertations and conference papers are reported in spoken languages.
33、（ C） Both the journal articles and conference papers are influenced greatly by the intended receivers. （ D） The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways. 15 How can a professor evaluate a students capability of implementing the research? （ A） By concentrating on the mai
34、n factors like the purpose, background, procedures and discussion. （ B） By emphasizing the practical implications and recommendations of the research. （ C） By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such as the tools, procedures, the process of data analysis, the results,
35、 conclusions, etc. （ D） By noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the date and results, etc. 15 In recent years, many Americans of both sexes and various ages have become interested in improving their bo
36、dies. They have become devoted to physical fitness. The need to exercise has almost become compulsive with many persons who have a strong desire to be more physically fit. By nature, Americans are enthusiastic and energetic about their hobbies and pastimes. They apply this enthusiasm, and energy to
37、jogging/running. As a result, there are running clubs to join and many books and magazines to read about running. The desire to be physically fit is explained by a “passion“ for good health. The high rate of heart attacks in the 1960s caused an increase on the part of the public in improving the hum
38、an body. Middle-aged men especially suffer from heart attacks. Thus, they are one group strongly interested in more physical exercise. In fact, many doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active, especially those who have sedentary jobs. It is interesting to note that the rate of
39、 heart attacks began to decrease in the 1970s and it is still decreasing. Physical fitness currently enjoys a favored role in the United States. It is a new “love“ that many Americans have cherished. Will it last long? Only time will tell or until another “new passion“ comes along. 16 In recent year
40、s, many Americans have become interested in improving their bodies because _. （ A） they are enthusiastic about their hobbies and pastimes （ B） they have a strong desire to be more physically fit （ C） there are many running clubs to join （ D） there are many books and magazines to read about running 1
41、7 The passage implies that _ is a great favorite of many Americans, men and women, old and young. （ A） jogging/running （ B） joining running clubs （ C） reading books and magazines about running （ D） going in for all kinds of sports 18 Middle-aged men suffering from heart attacks _. （ A） are compulsiv
42、e joggers （ B） are encouraged by their doctors to go in for jogging/running （ C） are interested in taking more physical exercise （ D） are enthusiastic and energetic about hobbies and pastimes 19 In the sentence “In fact, many doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active, especia
43、lly those who have sedentary jobs“, the word “sedentary“ means _. （ A） involving physical work （ B） needing much sitting （ C） energy-consuming （ D） sleep-producing 20 According to the passage, will the love for physical exercise last long for Americans? （ A） Yes. （ B） No. （ C） Somebody can tell. （ D
44、） It is hard to tell. 二、 Structure and Vocabulary 21 Not until the game had begun _ at the sports ground. （ A） should he have arrived （ B） had he arrived （ C） did he arrive （ D） would he had arrived 22 Neither at this meeting nor at the previous one _ the proposal. （ A） they did not discuss （ B） did
45、 they discuss （ C） do they discuss （ D） would they discuss 23 The molecules of gases move more freely than _. （ A） do liquids and solids （ B） liquids and solids do （ C） do those of liquids and solids （ D） those do of liquids and solids 24 The taller the container, _ at the bottom. （ A） the greater w
46、ill the water pressure be （ B） the water pressure will be greater （ C） the greater will be the water pressure （ D） greater the water pressure will be 25 _ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. （ A） Jumped down the burglar （ B） Down the burglar jumped （ C） The burglar jum
47、ped down （ D） Down jumped the burglar 26 To the north of the city _ a small island. （ A） lain （ B） lies （ C） was there （ D） there lays 27 _ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist. （ A） That was from Stephen （ B） It was Stephen whom （ C） It was from Stephen that （ D） It was Stephen th
48、at 28 Was it _ the professor regarded with such contempt? （ A） them who （ B） them whom （ C） he who （ D） those 29 _ the Europeans began to learn how to use the compass on their ships. （ A） It was not until the 12th century when （ B） Hardly it was the 12th century than （ C） No sooner it was the 12th c
49、entury when （ D） It was not until the 12th century that 30 When I try to understand _ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes. （ A） why it does （ B） what it does （ C） what it is （ D） why it is 31 More often it is the President, and not the members of his cabinet, _ the populace. （ A） who appeal to （ B） to whom appeal to （ C） whom appeals to （ D） who appeals to 32 On the large board in the
