1、国家公共英语（三级）笔试模拟试卷 253及答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until, finally, some attack on the body brings
2、 our existence to an end. Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciat
3、e the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame (荣誉 ). Because ill health is a universal problem, affecting both the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always socially organized. No socie
4、ty leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises, over time, a n
5、umber of standards, values, groups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution (体系 ,机构 ). To the sociologist (社会学家 ) , then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease. In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect
6、 of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer (治疗者 ). The latter is typically also the priest (牧师 ), who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease; for example, bones
7、may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, hospital administrator, linked with v
8、arious organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society. 1 Which of the following statements is tru
9、e according to Paragraph 1? （ A） Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health. （ B） Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering. （ C） Most of us are aware of the full value of health. （ D） Ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else. 2 The wo
10、rd “authorize“ in Paragraph 2 means “_“. （ A） make way for （ B） give power to （ C） write an order for （ D） make it possible for 3 In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as_. （ A） a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthy （ B） a universal problem that
11、affects every society （ C） a social responsibility to treat ill health （ D） a science that focuses on the treatment of disease 4 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true? （ A） In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill. （ B） In pre-industrial societies priests
12、 sometimes treated patients by singing. （ C） Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in it. （ D） There were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and the one who tried to cure him. 5 The author of this passage is mainly concerned with_. （ A） socio
13、logical aspects in medicine （ B） medical treatment of diseases （ C） the development of medical science （ D） the role of religion in medicine 5 Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage.
14、On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals wh
15、ich are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.
16、 There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes “prior to“disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or
17、minimize pollution upon final disposal. A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contain
18、ed. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable by-products. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses for their was
19、te products. 6 The purpose of this passage is_. （ A） to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems （ B） to alert the reader to the dwindling water supply （ C） to explain industrial uses of water （ D） to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem 7 Which of the following point
20、s is NOT included in the passage? （ A） Diluting wastes needs a certain amount of water. （ B） Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population. （ C） Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals. （ D） Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemi
21、cal processes. 8 The reader can conclude that_. （ A） countries of the world will work together on pollution problems （ B） some industries are now making economic use of liquid wastes （ C） by-products from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace （ D） science is making great progress in increasin
22、g water supplies 9 The author gives substance to the passage through the use of_. （ A） interviews with authorities in the field of water controls （ B） definitions which clarify important terms （ C） opinions and personal observations （ D） strong arguments and persuasions 10 The words“prior to “(Para.
23、 2)probably mean_. （ A） during （ B） before （ C） after （ D） beyond 国家公共英语（三级）笔试模拟试卷 253答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据原文 Disease and injury make us suffer thr
24、oughout our lives可知 B为正确。 A项中 fairly(相当地 )与原文 relatively(相对地 )矛盾。 C项与原文we tend to fullyrealize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriouslyill(只有在我们自已或与自己亲近的人得了重病的时候我们才充分意识到健康的重要性 )相矛盾。 the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset意为 “那条古老的真理：健康是最宝贵的财富
25、”，并不是说古代的人们认为健康比其他东西更花钱，因此 C错。 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据上下文可知 authorize意为 “授权 ”，即 give power to； A、C、 D项的意义与整个句意不符。 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据原文 To the sociologist， then， medicine is the institution concerned with themaintenance of health and treatment of disease可知， “对社会学家来说，医疗就是负责维护健康和治疗疾病的体系 (institution或 sy
26、stem)”，而不仅仅是一种社会责任 (social responsibility)或科学 (science)，因此 A正确， C、D错误。原文中并没有说社会学家把 medicine看成是 ill health is universal problem，因此 B错误。 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据原文 bones may be thrown to establish a cause， songs may be used to bring about a cure可知 A、 B陈述无误。又根据 The social arrangements for dealing withsickn
27、ess are very elementary， often involving only two roles： the sick and the healer可知 D陈述无误。又根据 Medicine， in fact，has become the subject of intense sociologicalinterest(医疗已经成为社会学家深感兴趣的领域 )可知 C陈述有误。因此选 C。 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本文第一段讲疾病的不可避免和健康的重要性；第二段讲医疗的社会属性 (sociological aspects)；第三段讲医疗的现代化，也提到了它与社会学(soci
28、ology)的联系，因此 A为最佳答案。 B、 C、 D项都过于片面。 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 一段第一句是本文的主题句，指出污染问题的严重性，接着作者阐明了主题句所点出的主旨。第一段最后一句是本段的结论句，指出必须立即采取严厉的措施来解决水的污染问题。所以，正确答案非 A莫属。 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从所给的选择项看， A， B， C在第一段中都已从不同角度提到，惟有 D没有提到。 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第三段最后两句均阐述某些正在从经济上利用废水。 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题题干可译为：作者通过使用 来阐述本文的基 本内容。本文共 3段，每段的段首句均为作者的观点，然后紧接段首句提出观察报告。所以，本题的答案应为 C。 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 prior to(=before)在 以前。
