1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 181及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Dr. Wilson and Mr. Wang have known each other before. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 2 Wang pref
2、ers to live with an English family. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 3 Wang intends to study how computer is used for language translation. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 4 Back in his own country, Mr. Wang studied C-language and chemistry. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 5 Wang has some experience about CAD. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 6
3、 Dr. Wilson is satisfied with Wangs past experience. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 7 Wang has little knowledge of the phonetic processing system. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 8 Wang decides to take courses and pass exams. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 9 Dr. Wilson suggests that Wang should extend his stay at the university.
4、（ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 10 Dr. Wilson asks Wang to do a little more research before deciding on his project. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 What should o
5、ne do if he wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning? （ A） Change his energy cycle. （ B） Overcome his laziness. （ C） Get up earlier than usual. （ D） Go to bed earlier. 12 Why does the speaker suggest we rise with a yawn and stretch? （ A） Because it will help keep your energy fo
6、r the days work. （ B） Because it will help you to control your temper early in the day. （ C） Because it will help you to concentrate on your routine work. （ D） Because it will keep your energy cycle under control all day. 13 Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? （ A） Getting off to work wit
7、h a minimum effort helps save ones energy. （ B） Dr. Kleiman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of a day. （ C） Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle. （ D） Children have energy cycles, too. 14 Whats the main purpose of the talk? （ A） To introduce the concept of infla
8、tion. （ B） To discuss the causes of inflation. （ C） To review yesterdays lecture on inflation. （ D） To argue in favor of inflation. 15 According to the lecture, what is inflation? （ A） Rising prices. （ B） Fixed income. （ C） Real income. （ D） Cost of living. 16 Who benefits most from inflation? （ A）
9、Persons who have salaries according to long-term contracts. （ B） Persons who own businesses. （ C） Persons with old-age pensions. （ D） Persons with slow-rising incomes. 17 What is the main problem caused by the usual way of plowing? （ A） The crop s blooming period is delayed. （ B） The roots of crops
10、are cut off. （ C） The topsoil is seriously damaged. （ D） The growth of weeds is accelerated. 18 What does the speaker say about Low Till Farming? （ A） It s a new way of applying chemical fertilizer. （ B） It s an improved method of harvesting crops. （ C） It s a creative technique for saving labor. （
11、D） It s a farming process limiting the use of plows. 19 Where is Low Till Farming becoming popular? （ A） In areas with few weeds and unwanted plants. （ B） In areas with a severe shortage of water. （ C） In areas lacking in chemical fertilizer. （ D） In areas dependent on imported food. 20 How many peo
12、ple depend on local rice and food in South Asia currently? （ A） More than 150 million people. （ B） Less than 150 million people. （ C） About 100 million people. （ D） About 120 million people. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your te
13、st booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 What did the speaker talk about last time? 22 What does the talk mainly concern? 23 What does the speaker refer the
14、activity of any organization to? 24 What does business concern usually do? 25 What advantages does work have? 26 What is behavioral management based on? 27 Why should a manager study behavioral management? 28 According to the speaker, what does a manager have to treat everyone of his staff as? 29 It
15、 sounds a bit unscientific that a good manager is_rather than_. 30 Behavioral management is very useful but is not_like scientific management. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers
16、 on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards, from【 C1】_praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, 【 C2】_research the relation【 C3】 _actions and their consequences argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitiv
17、e researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain【 C4】 _rewards often destroy creativity【 C5】 _encouraging dependence【 C6】 _approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially【 C7】 _educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks【 C8
18、】 _in grade-school children, suggesting【 C9】 _properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, 【 C10】 _to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know theyre working for a【 C11】 _and can focus【 C12】 _a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativ
19、ity“ , says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for【 C13】 _performance or creating too【 C14】 _anticipation for rewards. “ A teacher【 C15】 _continually draws attention to rewards or who hands【 C16】 _high grades for ordinary ac
20、hievement ends up【 C17】_discouraged students, Eisenberger holds.【 C18】 _an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing【 C19】 _. In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in【 C20】 _students handle challeng
21、ing problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. 31 【 C1】 32 【 C2】 33 【 C3】 34 【 C4】 35 【 C5】 36 【 C6】 37 【 C7】 38 【 C8】 39 【 C9】 40 【 C10】 41 【 C11】 42 【 C12】 43 【 C13】 44 【 C14】 45 【 C15】 46 【
22、 C16】 47 【 C17】 48 【 C18】 49 【 C19】 50 【 C20】 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 Not long ago, a mysterious Christmas card dropped through our mail slot. The envelope was addresse
23、d to a man named Raoul, who, I was relatively certain, did not live with us. The envelope wasn t sealed, so I opened it. The inside of the card was blank. Ed, my husband, explained that the card was both from and to the newspaper de-liveryman. His name was apparently Raoul, and Raoul wanted a holida
24、y tip. We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope in the mail. When your services are rendered at 4 a. m. , you cant simply hang around, like a hotel bellboy expecting a tip. You have to be direct. So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man who, in my imagination, fi
25、res The New York Times from his bike aimed at our front door, causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated black market fireworks. With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a. m. wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spit
26、e: I had not tipped Raoul in Christmases past. I honestly hadn t realized I was supposed to. This was the first time hed used the card tactic. So I got out my checkbook. Somewhere along the line, holiday tipping went from an optional thank-you for a year of services to a Mafia-style protection racke
27、t(收取保护费的黑社会组织 ). Several days later, I was bringing our garbage bins back from the curb when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids. The outside of the envelope said MICKEY. It had to be another tip request, this time from our garbage collector. Unlike Raoul, Mickey hadnt enclosed his own Ch
28、ristmas card from me. In a way, I appreciated the directness. “I know you dont care how merry my Christmas is, and that s fine, “ the gesture said. “I want $30, or I 11 forget to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day. I put a check in the envelope and taped it back to the bin. The next morning,
29、 Ed noticed that the envelope was gone, though the trash hadnt yet been picked up: “Someone stole Mickey s tip!“ Ed was quite certain. He made me call the bank and cancel the check. But Ed had been wrong. Two weeks later, Mickey left a letter from the bank on our steps. The letter informed Mickey th
30、at the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled. The following Tuesday morning, when Ed saw a truck outside, he ran out with his wallet. “Are you Mickey?“ The man looked at him with scorn. “Mickey is the garbageman. I am the recycling. “ Not only had Ed insulted this man by hinting that
31、 he was a garbageman, but he had obviously neglected to tip him. Ed ran back inside for more funds. Then he noticed that the driver of the truck had been watching the whole transaction. He peeled off another twenty and looked around, waving bills in the air. “Anyone else?“ Had we consulted the websi
32、te of the Emily Post Institute, this embarrassing breach of etiquette(礼节 )could have been avoided. Under “trash/recycling collectors“ in the institute s Holiday Tipping Guidelines, it says, “ $ 10 to $30 each. “ You may or may not wish to know that your pet groomer, hairdresser, mailman and UPS guy
33、all expect a holiday tip. 51 The newspaper deliveryman put a blank card inside the envelope because_. （ A） he forgot to write a few words on it （ B） he wanted the couple to send it back （ C） he used it to ask for a Christmas tip （ D） he was afraid of asking for a tip in person 52 From the passage, w
34、e learn that the author_. （ A） didn t like Raoul s way of delivering the paper （ B） didn t realize why Raoul delivered the paper that way （ C） didn t know that Raoul came very early in the morning （ D） didn t feel it necessary to meet Raoul when he came 53 According to the passage, the author felt_t
35、o give Raoul a holiday tip. （ A） excited （ B） delighted （ C） embarrassed （ D） forced 54 Which of the following is CORRECT about Mickey, the garbage collector? （ A） He wrote a letter to the couple afterwards. （ B） He failed to collect the money from the bank. （ C） He wanted the couple to send him a C
36、hristmas card. （ D） He collected both the cheek and the garbage that day. 55 Ed s encounter with the recycling team shows that_. （ A） Ed was desperate to correct his mistake. （ B） Ed only wanted to give money to Raoul. （ C） Ed was unwilling to tip the truck driver. （ D） Ed no longer wanted to give t
37、hem money. 55 At 18, Ashanthi DeSilva of suburban Cleveland is a living symbol of one of the great intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Bom with an extremely rare and usually fatal disorder that left her without a functioning immune system(the “bubble-boy disease“ , named after an earlier
38、victim who was kept alive for years in a sterile plastic tent), she was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source, in the genes of her white blood cells. It worked. Although her last gene-therapy treatment was in 1992, she is comp
39、letely healthy with normal immune function, according to one of the doctors who treated her, W. French Anderson of the University of Southern California. Researchers have long dreamed of treating diseases from hemophilia to cancer by replacing mutant genes with normal ones. And the dreaming may cont
40、inue for decades more. “There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease, “ Anderson says, “within 50 years. “ It s not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson s early success. The National Institutes of Health budget office estimates it will spend $ 432 m
41、illion on gene-therapy research in 2005, and there is no shortage of promising leads. The therapeutic genes are usually delivered through viruses that dont cause human disease. “The virus is sort of like a Trojan horse, “ says Ronald Crystal of New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical College. “T
42、he cargo is the gene. At the University of Pennsylvania s Abramson Cancer Center, immunologist Carl June recently treated HIV patients with a gene intended to help their cells resist the infection. At Cornell University, researchers are pursuing gene-based therapies for Parkinson s disease and a rar
43、e hereditary disorder that destroys children s brain cells. At Stanford University and the Children s Hospital of Philadelphia, researchers are trying to figure out how to help patients with hemophilia who today must inject themselves with expensive clotting drugs for life. Animal experiments have s
44、hown great promise. But somehow, things get lost in the translation from laboratory to patient. In human trials of the hemophilia treatment, patients show a response at first, but it fades over time. And the field has still not recovered from the setback it suffered in 1999, when Jesse Gelsinger, an
45、 18-year-old with a rare metabolic disorder, died after receiving an experimental gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Some experts worry that the field will be tarnished further if the next people to benefit are not patients but athletes seeking an edge. This summer, researchers at the S
46、alk Institute in San Diego said they had created a “marathon mouse“ by implanting a gene that enhances running a-bility; already, officials at the World Anti-Doping Agency are preparing to test athletes for signs of “gene doping“. But the principle is the same, whether you re trying to help a health
47、y runner run faster or allow a muscular-dystrophy patient to walk. “Everybody recognizes that gene therapy is a very good idea, “ says Crystal. “And eventually it s going to work. 56 The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to_. （ A） show the promise of gene-therapy （ B） give an example
48、 of modern treatment for fatal diseases （ C） introduce the achievement of Anderson and his team （ D） explain how gene-based treatment works 57 Anderson s early success has_. （ A） greatly speeded the development of medicine （ B） brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy （ C） promi
49、sed a cure to every disease （ D） made him a national hero 58 Which of the following is true according to the text? （ A） Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly. （ B） Despite the huge funding, gene researches have shown few promises. （ C） Therapeutic genes are carried by harmless viruses. （ D） Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores. 59 The wor
