1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 182及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Though Paul is disabled, he managed to move around in the house. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE
2、2 Mr Miller enjoys doing things with his own hands. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 3 The front door to his home does not open automatically. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 4 Mr Miller bought his house simply because the flat he used to live in was too expensive. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 5 Government buildings often have sp
3、ecial paths for those people handicapped. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 6 Paul could reach all the switches because they were originally installed at the right height of him. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 7 Do-it-Yourself has become one of Mr Millers hobbies. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 8 Mr Miller had known a lot about car
4、pentry and electric wiring before he was engaged in do-it-yourself. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 9 Mr Miller did changes on the house only for fun. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE 10 Mr Miller will buy a new house with the money he has won. （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks
5、 and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 What does the man think of the government s present proposal about building more power stations in the country? （ A） It s a dangerous proposal. （ B） It s a stupid proposal. （ C） It s an advantageou
6、s proposal. （ D） It s a viable proposal. 12 Which power does the man suggest? （ A） Water power. （ B） Wind power. （ C） Solar power. （ D） Electronical power. 13 What problem does the man think can be solved if the government put up small units to build solar panels? （ A） The heat supply. （ B） The elec
7、tric supply. （ C） The water supply. （ D） The unemployment situation. 14 When did the woman give up smoking? （ A） Ten days ago. （ B） Just this morning. （ C） A week ago. （ D） Just yesterday. 15 What suggestion does the man think it is good? （ A） Try to give up smoking. （ B） Eat sweets everyday instead
8、 of smoking. （ C） Try to give up one cigarette every day. （ D） Go to a hypnotist. 16 What is the conversation mainly about? （ A） Giving up smoking. （ B） Keeping fit. （ C） Doing exercises. （ D） Eating sweets. 17 What is this passage mainly about? （ A） The human nose as an organ for breathing and smel
9、ling. （ B） The nose providing us with various expressions. （ C） A woman poets wish to have two noses. （ D） Interesting comments made on Cleopatras nose. 18 What does “A person who is led around by the nose“ mean? （ A） A person who lets his instinct guide him. （ B） A person who has no will of his own
10、. （ C） A person who is decisive. （ D） A person who is full of imagination and creativity. 19 Who can be described as “a man to have his nose put out of joint“ ? （ A） A gay man. （ B） A sick man. （ C） A man who wants to smell a flower. （ D） A man who feels hurt and depressed. 20 What does “it is as pl
11、ain as the nose on your face “mean? （ A） It is easy to solve. （ B） Something looks like your nose. （ C） It is something quite understandable. （ D） There is a plain-looking nose on your face. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your te
12、st booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 What is your responsibility when you, as a school principal, get the teachers report? 22 How many reactions could yo
13、u have towards the teachers report? 23 How many psychologists are mentioned in the talk? 24 Their scheme is based on the premise that all people have a basic way of_. 25 Dr. Mann is now in Cambridge, writing a book on the_. 26 They started working in 1968 based on the observation made by Jung, the f
14、ounder of_. 27 How many psychological types of people are there according to Jungs ideas? 28 The past-oriented people tend to look at the world in a_. 29 The past-oriented people are flexible in_. 30 What is the passage mainly talking about? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read
15、 the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 Recent surveys show that Japanese youth have become a “Me Generation“ that rejects traditional values. “Around 1980 many Japanese, 【 C1】 _young people abandoned the values of eco
16、nomic success and began【 C2】 _for new sets of values to【 C3】 _them happiness, “ writes sociologist Yasuhiro in Comparative Civilizations Review. Japanese youth are placing more importance on the individual s pursuit of【 C4】 _and less on the values of work, family, and society. Japanese students seem
17、 to be losing patience with work, 【 C5】 _their counterparts in the United States and Korea. In a 1993【 C6】 _of college students in the three countries, only 10% of the Japanese regarded【 C7】 _as a primary value compared with 47% of Korean students and 27% of American students. A greater【 C8】 _of Jap
18、anese aged 18 -24 also preferred easy jobs【 C9】 _heavy responsibility. The younger Japanese are showing less concern for family values as they pursue an inner world of private satisfaction. Data collected【 C10】 _the Japanese government in 1993 shows that only 23% of Japanese youth are thinking about
19、 supporting their aged parents, in contrast【 C11】 _63% of young Americans. It appears that many younger-generation Japanese are【 C12】 _both respect for their parents【 C13】 _a sense of responsibility to the family. Author Yoshizaki attributes the change【 C14】 _Japanese parents over-indulgence of thei
20、r children, material affluence, and growing【 C15】 _for private matters. The shift【 C16】 _individualism among Japanese is most pronounced among【 C17】 _very young. According to 1991 data【 C18】 _the Bunka Center of Japan, 50% of Japanese youth aged 16 -19 can be labeled “ self-centered“ compared with 3
21、3% among【 C19】 _aged 25-29. To earn the self-centered label, the young people responded positively to【 C20】 _ideas as “ I would like to make decisions without considering traditional values“ and “I dont want to do anything I cant enjoy doing. 31 【 C1】 32 【 C2】 33 【 C3】 34 【 C4】 35 【 C5】 36 【 C6】 37
22、【 C7】 38 【 C8】 39 【 C9】 40 【 C10】 41 【 C11】 42 【 C12】 43 【 C13】 44 【 C14】 45 【 C15】 46 【 C16】 47 【 C17】 48 【 C18】 49 【 C19】 50 【 C20】 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 Gene thera
23、py and gene based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science. But there will be others as well. Here is one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years. While it s true
24、 that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with good reason: the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly ha
25、ve the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, when so-called stem cells havent begun to specialize. Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy cells brain cells in Alzheimer s, cardiac cells in hea
26、rt disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few; if doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue. It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem
27、 cells and get them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and bone cells. The process still cant be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitations; but if efforts to understand and master stem cell development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power. The same applies t
28、o cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin. True cloning, as first shown with the sheep Dolly two years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can
29、develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent. For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. This past year scientists hav
30、e done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year. Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body ce
31、lls to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells: the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a true “miracle cure“. 51 The writer holds that the potential to make healthy
32、body tissues will_. （ A） aggravate moral issues of human cloning （ B） bring great benefits to human beings （ C） help scientists decode body instructions （ D） involve employing surgical instruments 52 The word “rejuvenated“(Para. 5)most probably means_. （ A） modified （ B） re-collected （ C） classified
33、 （ D） reactivated 53 The research at the University of Wisconsin is mentioned to show_. （ A） the isolation of stem cells （ B） the effects of gene therapies （ C） the advantages of human cloning （ D） the limitations of tissue replacements 54 Which of the following is true according to the text? （ A） T
34、he principle of gene therapy is applicable to that of cloning. （ B） The isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible. （ C） It is reasonable for all body instructions to be activated. （ D） Cloned animals will eventually take control of the world. 55 Towards the genetic research, the author
35、 s attitude can best be said to be that of_. （ A） frustration （ B） indifference （ C） amazement （ D） opposition 55 Earthquake survivors trapped in rubble could one day be saved by an unlikely rescuer: A robotic caterpillar that burrows its way through debris. Just a few centimeters wide, the robot re
36、lies on magnetic fields to propel it through the kind of tiny crevices that would foil the wheeled or tracked search robots currently used to locate people trapped in collapsed buildings. The caterpillar s inventor, Norihiko Saga of Akita Prefectural University in Japan, will demonstrate his new met
37、hod of locomotion at a conference on magnetic materials in Seattle. In addition to lights and cameras, a search caterpillar could be equipped with an array of sensors to measure other factors such as radioactivity or oxygen levels that could tell human rescuers if an area is safe to enter. The magne
38、tic caterpillar is amazingly simple. It moves by a process similar to peristalsis, the rhythmic contraction that moves food down your intestine. Saga made the caterpillar from a series of rubber capsules filled with a magnetic fluid consisting of iron particles, water, and a detergent-like surfactan
39、t, which reduces the surface tension of the fluid. Each capsule is linked to the next by a pair of rubber rods. The caterpillar s guts are wrapped in a clear, flexible polymer tube that protects it from the environment. To make the caterpillar move forwards, Saga moves a magnetic field backwards alo
40、ng the caterpillar. Inside the caterpillars “head“ capsule, magnetic fluid surges towards the attractive magnetic field, causing the capsule to bulge out to the sides and draw its front and rear portions up. As the magnetic field passes to the next capsule, the first breaks free and springs forward
41、and the next capsule bunches up. In this way, the caterpillar can reach speeds of 4 centimeters per second as it crawls along. Moving the magnetic field faster can make it traverse the caterpillar before all the capsules have sprung back to their original shapes. The segments then all spring back, a
42、lmost but not quite simultaneously. Saga plans to automate the movement of the caterpillar by placing electromagnets at regular intervals along the inside of its polymer tube. By phasing the current flow to the electromagnets, he 11 be able to control it wirelessly via remote control. He also needs
43、to find a new type of rubber for the magnetic capsules, because the one he s using at the minute eventually begins to leak. But crawling is not the most efficient form of locomotion for robots, says Robert Full of the University of California at Berkeley, an expert in animal motion who occasionally
44、advises robotics designers. “If you look at the energetic cost of crawling, compared to walking, swimming or flying, crawling is very expensive, “ he says. Walking, on the other every step, energy is conserved in the foot and then released to help the foot spring up. Saga acknowledges this inefficie
45、ncy but says his caterpillar is far more stable than one that walks, rolls on wheels or flies. It has no moving parts save for a few fluid-filled rubber capsules. Biped robots and wheeled robots require a smooth surface and are difficult to miniaturize, and flying robots have too many moving parts.
46、“My peristaltic crawling robot is simple and it works, “ he says. 56 From this passage, we can learn that_. （ A） a robotic caterpillar can crawl by a pair of rubber rods （ B） when a caterpillar moves, the magnetic field moves backwards along it （ C） the environment couldn t influence a robotic cater
47、pillar s guts, which are wrapped in a capsule （ D） crawling is very stable and efficient, and when it moves, only a few elements are needed 57 According to this passage, which is not true about the construction of the robotic caterpillar? （ A） A robotic caterpillar is made from a series of rubber ca
48、psules filled with a magnetic fluid. （ B） Iron particles, water, and a detergent-like surfactant form a magnetic fluid. （ C） Each capsule filled with a magnetic fluid is linked to the next by a pair of rubber rods. （ D） In order to keep stable condition, the caterpillar s guts are wrapped in a clear
49、, flexible polymer tube. 58 The meaning of the word “peristalsis“ in Paragraph 3 is similar to_. （ A） swimming （ B） flying （ C） crawling （ D） walking 59 Comparing the robotic caterpillar and the other robots, which of the following is not true? （ A） A smooth surface is indispensable to biped robots and wheeled robots. （ B） Flying robots are very inconvenient when moving, because they have too many moving
