1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 6及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Though Paul is disabled, he managed to move around in the house. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2
2、 Mr. Miller enjoys doing things with his own hands. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 The front door to his home does not open automatically. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 Mr. Miller bought his house simply because the flat he used to live in was too expensive. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 Government buildings often hav
3、e special paths for those people handicapped. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 Paul could reach all the switches because they were originally installed at the right height of him （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 Do-it-Yourself has become one of Mr. Millers hobbies. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 Mr. Miller had known a lot a
4、bout carpentry and electric before he was engaged in do-it-yourself. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 Mr. Miller did changes on the house only for fun. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 Mr. Miller will buy a new house with the money he has won. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or
5、 talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 What does the speaker suggest that the students should do during the term? （ A） Consult with her frequently. （ B） Use the computer regularly. （ C） Occupy the computer early. （ D） Wait for one
6、s turn patiently. 12 What service must be paid for? （ A） Computer classes. （ B） Training sessions. （ C） Laser printing. （ D） Package borrowing. 13 What is the talk mainly about? （ A） Computer lab services. （ B） College library facilities. （ C） The use of micro-computers. （ D） Printouts from the lase
7、r printer. 14 What was the main cause of the severe casualties? （ A） The tornado came ahead of time. （ B） There was no warning beforehand. （ C） The prediction was not accurate. （ D） The preventions were not effective. 15 What happened to many buildings? （ A） They were torn apart. （ B） Their upper pa
8、rts were carried away. （ C） They were removed. （ D） Their overall structures were ruined. 16 What was the correspondents comment on the local governments rescue work? （ A） Prompt. （ B） Confident. （ C） Ineffective. （ D） Casual. 17 What was the most serious problem facing William I? （ A） The threat fr
9、om France. （ B） The problem with economy. （ C） His rivals in the court. （ D） The confusions of society. 18 What were the followers of William I most interested in? （ A） Larger fortunes. （ B） More fightings. （ C） Obedience of their own subordinates. （ D） Restoration of their previous positions. 19 Wh
10、o helped the judges with the decision of lawsuits? （ A） Local scholars on law. （ B） Local ordinary people. （ C） Followers of the judges. （ D） Investigators of the eases. 20 Who became members of the Petty Jury? （ A） Those who helped before the court was open. （ B） Those who had something to do with
11、cases. （ C） Those who were involved in the final decision. （ D） Those who were assistants of the judges. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provi
12、ded on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 Where did rice originate? 22 What kind of grain did most Europeans eat 500 years ago? 23 What kind of grain could be found in American diet 500 years ago? 24 Who used dairy product first in history? 25
13、In which year did Columbus take chili pepper to Spain? 26 How long did it take for chili pepper to become popular around the world? 27 Where cant chili pepper grow according to the talk? 28 What did Europeans think of potatoes? 29 What was potato used for in Europe at first? 30 In what part of the w
14、orld is potato especially a favorite food? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards, from (31) prais
15、e to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, (32) research the relation (33) actions and their consequences argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain (34) rewards often destroy creativit
16、y (35) encouraging dependence (36) approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially (37) educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks (38) in grade-school children, suggesting (39) properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, (40)
17、to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know theyre working for a (41) and can focus (42) a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity“, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to kill creativity by giving r
18、ewards for (43) performance or creating too (44) anticipation for rewards“. A teacher (45) continually draws attention to rewards or who hands (46) high grades for ordinary achievement ends up (47) discouraged students, Eisenberger holds. (48) an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts
19、 at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing (49). In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in (50) students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware
20、 psychologist claims. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air have an ill-effect on peoples physical or psycholog
21、ical health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically changed particles. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorms, earthquakes or when winds such as the Mistral, Foehn, Hams
22、in or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibres, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens. When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experienc
23、e unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also found to be affected, particularly before earthquakes; snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrow
24、s, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the U.S. Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California. Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then peo
25、ple have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbl
26、ing streams or waterfalls. To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizes: small portable machines which generate negative ions. They claim that ionizes not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positiv
27、e ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all, it
28、 is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquake is more effective than watching the cat. 51 What effect does excessive positive ionization have on some people? （ A） They think they are insane. （ B） They feel rather bad-tempered. （ C） They become violently sick. （ D） They
29、 are too tired to do anything. 52 According to the passage, static electricity can be caused by _. （ A） using home-made electric goods （ B） wearing clothes made of natural materials （ C） walking on artificial floor coverings （ D） copying TV programmes on a computer 53 By observing the behaviour of a
30、nimals, scientists may be able to _. （ A） prevent disasters （ B） organize groups of people （ C） predict earthquakes （ D） control areas of California 54 A high negative ion count is likely to be found _. （ A） near a pond with a water pump （ B） close to a slow-flowing river （ C） high in some barren mo
31、untains （ D） by a rotating water sprinkler 55 People should be able to come to a decision about ions in the air if they _. （ A） note their own reactions （ B） move to a healthier area （ C） observe domestic animals （ D） watch how healthy people behave 56 Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman
32、without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business worlds favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration). The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campus
33、es ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the
34、 widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day. “If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one“, said Donald Morrison, Professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, whe
35、n someone says, Should I attempt to get an MBA, the answer a lot more is: It depends“. The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whet
36、her management skills can be taught. The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing“ and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they dont understand politics and pe
37、ople, and they arent able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, theyre out looking for other jobs“. The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.
38、Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash against the antibusiness values of the 1960s and by the womens movement. Business people who have hired or wor
39、ked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They dont get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business“, said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm. 56 Accordi
40、ng to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines? （ A） Scornful. （ B） Appreciative. （ C） Envious. （ D） Realistic. 57 It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by _. （ A） the complaints from various em
41、ployers （ B） the success of many non-MBAs （ C） the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines （ D） the poor performance of MBAs at work 58 What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review? （ A） They are usually self-centered. （ B） They are aggressive and gre
42、edy. （ C） They keep complaining about their jobs. （ D） They are not good at dealing with people. 59 From the passage we know that most MBAs _. （ A） can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly （ B） quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmates （ C） receive salaries that do not match t
43、heir professional training （ D） cherish unrealistic expectations about their future 60 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs. （ B） The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools. （ C） Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.
44、（ D） A debate held recently on university campuses. 61 Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are me
45、aningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied. In conducting research on cultural and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group i
46、n terms that are meaningful and important to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic
47、fashion, their concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved. How might the e
48、mic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regard for whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethnic minority groups. In
49、 a subsequent study, the researchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class White families, but also lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, and Asian American families. In studying ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a different pattern of family interaction than would the etic app
