1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 123及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 Before Mike became an actor, w
3、hat kind of school did he go to? 7 How often did the small theater company do a new play? 8 The television drama Mike did last year was about 9 What enables him to earn a lot of money? 10 From next week Mike plans to run PART C Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listenin
4、g to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. 11 There are two kinds of peop
5、le according to the narrator, one kind of people can learn things quickly, but the other kind of people _. （ A） can never remember a long poem （ B） can remember but it takes longer for them （ C） can only remember short passage （ D） always forget peoples names 12 A good memory is _ in learning a lang
6、uage. （ A） a talent （ B） a great help （ C） a big hindrance （ D） a skill 13 A mans mind is rather like_. （ A） a machine （ B） a camera （ C） a photo （ D） a dictionary 14 Whats the purpose of outsourcing? （ A） Recruiting new staff. （ B） Producing quality products. （ C） Increasing productivity. （ D） Save
7、 money and labor cost. 15 What kind of jobs have been moved to countries with lower labor costs? （ A） Factory production. （ B） Computer programming. （ C） Labor-intensive jobs. （ D） All of the above. 16 How many jobs were lost in 2001 according to the labor groups complaints? （ A） 250, 000 jobs. （ B）
8、 25, 000 jobs. （ C） 2, 500, 000 jobs. （ D） 2, 500 jobs. 17 What are non-readers, according to the first speaker? （ A） People seldom read newspapers （ B） People cannot read. （ C） People have eye problems. （ D） All the above 18 Typical non-readers are described as_as showed by early researches. （ A） l
9、ow in education （ B） low in income （ C） either very young or very old （ D） all the above 19 Does the male speaker love the non-reader lifestyle depicted by early researchers? （ A） Yes, he loves it. （ B） No, he thinks it is horrible. （ C） He doesnt mention it. （ D） He doesnt care about the lifestyle
10、problem. 20 What is the first speakers(the female one) opinion about reading? （ A） Reading is a good habit. （ B） Reading is good but not necessary. （ C） Reading will make one feel upset. （ D） Non-readers are hopeless. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Cho
11、ose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Industrial 【 21】 _ does not just happen. Companies 【 22】 _ low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and 【 23】_ working to keep them 【 24】 _ and active. When the work is 【 25】_ done
12、, a 【 26】 _ of accident-free operations 【 27】 _ established 【 28】 _ time lost due to injuries is kept 【 29】 _ a minimum. Successful safety programs may 【 30】 _ greatly in the emphasis placed 【 31】 _ certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe
13、work practices by 【 32】 _ rules or 【 33】 _ . 【 34】 _ others depend on an emotional appeal 【 35】 _ the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial st
14、andpoint alone, safety 【 36】 _ . The 【 37】 _ the injury 【 38】_ , the better the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference 【 39】_ operating at 【 40】 _ or at a loss. 21 【 21】 （ A） safety （ B） safe （ C） security （ D） secure 22 【 22】 （ A） at （ B） in （ C） on （ D） with 23 【 23】 （ A） stop （ B）
15、continue （ C） interrupt （ D） construct 24 【 24】 （ A） alive （ B） vivid （ C） mobile （ D） diverse 25 【 25】 （ A） well （ B） good （ C） superb （ D） wonderful 26 【 26】 （ A） regulation （ B） climate （ C） circumstance （ D） requirement 27 【 27】 （ A） are （ B） is （ C） was （ D） were 28 【 28】 （ A） where （ B） how （
16、C） what （ D） unless 29 【 29】 （ A） in （ B） upon （ C） at （ D） on 30 【 30】 （ A） alter （ B） differ （ C） shift （ D） distinguish 31 【 31】 （ A） in （ B） upon （ C） at （ D） on 32 【 32】 （ A） constituting （ B） aggravating （ C） observing （ D） justifying 33 【 33】 （ A） regulations （ B） principles （ C） examples （ D
17、） exceptions 34 【 34】 （ A） Some （ B） Many （ C） Even （ D） Still 35 【 35】 （ A） upon （ B） to （ C） at （ D） by 36 【 36】 （ A） comes off （ B） turns up （ C） pays off （ D） holds up 37 【 37】 （ A） larger （ B） bigger （ C） fewer （ D） better 38 【 38】 （ A） claims （ B） reports （ C） declarations （ D） proclamations 3
18、9 【 39】 （ A） or （ B） and （ C） among （ D） between 40 【 40】 （ A） an advantage （ B） a benefit （ C） an interest （ D） a profit Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 Botany, the study of pla
19、nts, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we c
20、an observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of p
21、eople, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably n
22、ot even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge“ at all. Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become, the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge,
23、 and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new associati
24、on of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieti
25、es that grew wildand the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away. 41 Which of the following assumptions about early humans is expressed in the passage? （ A） They probably had extensive knowledge of plants. （ B） T
26、hey thought there was no need to cultivate crops. （ C） They did not enjoy the study of botany. （ D） They placed great importance on the ownership of property. 42 What does the comment “This is logical.“ in line 5 of the first paragraph (underlined) mean? （ A） There is no clear way to determine the e
27、xtent of our ancestors knowledge of plants. （ B） It is not surprising that early humans had a detailed knowledge of plants. （ C） It is reasonable to assume that our ancestors behaved very much like people in preindustrial societies. （ D） Human knowledge of plants is well organized and very detailed.
28、 43 According to the passage, why has general knowledge of botany begun to fade? （ A） People no longer value plants as a useful resource. （ B） Botany is not recognized as a special branch of science. （ C） Research is unable to keep up with the increasing numbers of plants. （ D） Direct contact with a
29、 variety of plants has decreased. 44 In line 15 of paragraph 2, what is the authors purpose in mentioning “a rose, an apple, or an orchid“? （ A） To make the passage more poetic. （ B） To cite examples of plants that are attractive. （ C） To give botanical examples that all readers will recognize. （ D）
30、 To illustrate the diversity of botanical life. 45 According to the passage, what was the first great step toward the practice of agriculture? （ A） The invention of agricultural implements and machinery. （ B） The development of a system of names for plants. （ C） The discovery of grasses that could b
31、e harvested and replanted. （ D） The changing diets of early humans. 45 Inertial guidance is the name given to those types of systems which guide and keep track of the location of vehicles which are free to move in three dimensions. Vehicles which move only on a plane surface, such as ships or automo
32、biles, require only an accurate compass, sextant, and clock to keep track of their present position. When a vehicle can travel up or down as well as north or east, it is much more difficult to fix its position. An inertial platform is used in inertial guidance to measure vehicle altitude and acceler
33、ation which are then integrated to provide position and velocity. The inertial platform consists of three gyroscopes and three accelerometers mounted in the inner gimbal of the four gimbal platform. The purpose of the inertial platform is to allow the vehicle to move in any direction about the inner
34、 gimbal containing the gyros and accelerometers, without disturbing or turning them from their original orientation. Thus the gyros and accelerometers do not mm when the vehicle turns so they sense altitude and acceleration with respect to their original inertial reference frame. If the acceleration
35、 is always known with respect to this original inertial reference frame, it can be integrated to provide velocity and then integrated again to provide distance. Thus the distance and velocity of the vehicle with respect to its starting point are known. Inertial guidance systems are used today in air
36、planes, submarines, and spacecraft. They display for the pilot his pitch, roll and yaw angles, his heading, his speed, and his latitude and longitude. These are very important items to have readily available, whether one is in a high speed vehicle with very low visibility due to poor weather, or in
37、a spacecraft traveling in lunar orbit. The main features of inertial systems are that they are automatic and do not require any external information. Thus, the pilot does not have to feed in any information except the original position and altitude. Inertial systems serve a need on fast moving vehic
38、les moving in a three dimensional plane, where position information is required by the pilot almost constantly. 46 It can be interred from the article that an inertial guidance system is similar to （ A） a gyroscope. （ B） a high speed vehicle. （ C） a navigator. （ D） a submarine. 47 According to the s
39、election, the basic concern of the inertial guidance system is （ A） space in three dimensions. （ B） poor visibility and meteorological conditions. （ C） the altitude and position of a vehicle. （ D） spacecraft productivity. 48 The inertial platform is mainly used （ A） to prevent the ship or plane from
40、 moving off course. （ B） to send information from the ground control unit. （ C） to maintain the speed of the ship or plane. （ D） to prevent a change in the systems orientation. 49 Spaceships need an inertial guidance system, but automobiles do not because of （ A） the relative speed of the vehicles.
41、（ B） the relative size of the vehicles. （ C） the relative cost of the vehicles. （ D） their different methods of travel. 50 The main purpose of this passage was （ A） to provide training information to new pilots and navigators. （ B） to motivate peoples interest in space travel. （ C） to explain how to
42、 use an inertial guidance system. （ D） to describe the structure and importance of an inertial guidance system. 50 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Days
43、after days my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrung with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isnt hard to define.
44、 It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization togetherhonesty, kindness, and so on accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no lawand, ultimately, n
45、o society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoples behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortu
46、nately there are still communitiessmaller towns, usuallywhere schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not toleratedthey simply are not done!“ Yet more and more, especially in our larger suburbs, these inner restraints are loos
47、ening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him. The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversa
48、l, its the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home. I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circums
49、tances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it. 51 What the wise man said suggests that （ A） its unnecessary for good people to do anything in fa
