1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 281及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 Why Sonora Louise Smart Dodd wanted to celebrate Fathers Day? _ （ A） Because she thought man and woman should be equal. （ B） Because the president Washington asked her to do so. （ C） Because she wanted to show respect to her father who brought up six children. （ D） Because she
5、could not celebrate Mothers Day. 12 What day did Sonora choose as Fathers Day? _ （ A） June 19th. （ B） the third Sunday in June. （ C） the second Sunday in June. （ D） June 13th. 13 Which president in the United States establish Fathers Day as a permanent national observance? _ （ A） George Washington.
6、（ B） Calvin Coolidge. （ C） Richard Nixon. （ D） Lybdon Johnson. 14 According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up? （ A） Family debts （ B） Bank savings （ C） Monthly bills （ D） Spending habits 15 How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack
7、-a-day habit? （ A） $190,000 （ B） $330,000 （ C） $500,000 （ D） $1,000,000 16 What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth? （ A） Invest into a mutual fund （ B） Use the discount tickets （ C） Quit his eating-out habit （ D） Use only paper bills and save coins 17 Which w
8、ord may best describe two speakers positions on intermarriage? （ A） Comparison （ B） Contrast （ C） Causality （ D） Bias 18 Why does marriage usually thrive concerning customs and traditions? （ A） On a give-and-take policy （ B） Beyond a give-and-take policy （ C） In the manner of each others adaptation
9、（ D） Due to religious beliefs 19 The cultural differences arise_. （ A） at the wedding （ B） before intermarriage （ C） after people get married （ D） until recently 20 What negative effects may the intermarriage most probably cause? （ A） A quick divorce （ B） Cultural shock （ C） A big gap between parent
10、s and children （ D） Much suffering in childrens minds 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and
11、which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally 21 by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other 22 situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has 23 in principle to do wit
12、h differences between formal and colloquial 24; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. 25 , the standard variety of English is based on the London 26 of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect
13、became the one 27 by the educated, and it was developed and promoted 28 a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the 29 that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, 30 English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of Engli
14、sh are 31 the same everywhere in the world where English is used; 32 among local standards is really quite minor, 33 the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very 34 different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 35 . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that i
15、t exerts a tremendous 36 on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have 37 much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be 38 . This latter situation is not unique 39 English; it is also true in other countries where processes of sta
16、ndardization are 40 . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的 ) ones. （ A） said （ B） told （ C） talked （ D） spoken （ A） same （ B） similar （ C） equal （ D） identical （ A） anything （ B） something （
17、 C） nothing （ D） everything （ A） language （ B） vocabulary （ C） idioms （ D） words （ A） Surprisingly （ B） Historically （ C） Interestingly （ D） Generally （ A） accent （ B） pronunciation （ C） spelling （ D） dialect （ A） preferred （ B） learned （ C） praised （ D） created （ A） to （ B） in （ C） as （ D） for （ A）
18、 basis （ B） norm （ C） rule （ D） variety （ A） formal （ B） colloquial （ C） non-standard （ D） standard （ A） not （ B） very （ C） much （ D） hardly （ A） variation （ B） standardization （ C） unification （ D） transformation （ A） therefore （ B） but （ C） so that （ D） nevertheless （ A） great （ B） much （ C） no （
19、D） little （ A） talked （ B） concerned （ C） mentioned （ D） involved （ A） press （ B） pressure （ C） power （ D） force （ A） lost （ B） gained （ C） missed （ D） got （ A） abandoned （ B） changed （ C） standardized （ D） reformed （ A） in （ B） of （ C） for （ D） to （ A） in the way （ B） under way （ C） out of the way
20、（ D） all the way Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it convicting the guilty and acquitting
21、the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so engrossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgot
22、ten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our “adversarial“ system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental “inquisitorial“ system, under which the judge plays
23、 a more important inquiring role. In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by “ordeal“ especially a religious event was the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the
24、 continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and the jurymen who were illiterate and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical ac
25、cident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramatic;
26、 much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cas
27、es are handled. First, because the U. S. A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of ju
28、rors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses,
29、and familiarize themselves personally with the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even allowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from t
30、he preparation and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better. Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries mistakes and successes. Bu
31、t what is clear is that justice systems, largely because they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal. 41 “British trial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. “ It implies that_. （ A） the British legal system can do the basic j
32、ob well convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent （ B） the British legal system is worse than the continental legal system （ C） the British legal system is often considered to be not very fair （ D） the British legal system is very efficient 42 Which of the following sentences is NOT true? （
33、A） Oral evidence was unnecessary in France because the judges and prosecutors could read. （ B） When trial by ordeal was finally abandoned throughout Europe, trial by jury was introduced in Britain. （ C） In the adversarial system, it is the lawyers who play the leading roles. （ D） Lawyers in Britain
34、are prepared to lie in order to win their cases. 43 In Britain, newspapers_. （ A） do the same as American newspapers do （ B） are not interested in publishing details about the trial before it takes place （ C） are not allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place （ D） are allowed t
35、o publish details about the trial before it takes place 44 We can infer that American lawyers_. （ A） do not attempt to familiarize themselves with cases （ B） prepare the cases themselves （ C） tend to be more passionately involved in their cases （ D） tend to approach cases dispassionately 45 The pass
36、age_. （ A） questions whether the system of trial by jury can ever be completely efficient （ B） suggests a number of reforms which should be made to the legal system of various countries （ C） describes how the British legal system works and compares it favourably with other systems （ D） compares the
37、legal systems of a number of countries and discusses their advantages and disadvantages 45 To understand how astrology works, we should first take a quick look at the sky. Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impression of being affixed to the inner surface of a grea
38、t hollow sphere surrounding the earth. Ancient people, in fact, literally believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere. As the earth spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earths axis of rotation. This daily turning of
39、 the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fixed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth. Thus the stars were called fixed stars. The
40、motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had an independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars. The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the a
41、ncients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year. The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also h
42、as an independent motion in the sky. The moon, however, changes it position relatively rapidly. Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so. The moons path around the earth
43、 lies nearly in the same plane as the earths path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky. There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere. These are the planets
44、 Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn. All of them revolve around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic. Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent mot
45、ions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well. 46 The ancient people believed that_. （ A） the earth was spinning on the axis of the sky （ B） the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earth （ C） the patterns of stars on the sky
46、would never change （ D） the stars around the sky were not stationary 47 Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon? （ A） The moon and the sun are moving in the same plane. （ B） The moon revolves along the ecliptic. （ C） The moon moves faster than the sun. （ D） The position of the mo
47、on can be found changed in an hours time. 48 It is stated in astrology that_. （ A） the sun is so distant from us that it is hard to follow its motion （ B） the sun is moving westward around the sky （ C） the motion of the sun is at the rate of about thirty degrees every week （ D） the motion of the sun
48、 is similar to the revolution of the earth around the sun 49 All the other five planets_. （ A） always appear near the path of the sun （ B） are moving in a way more complicated than the earth does （ C） arent moving around the sun as independently as the earth does （ D） are moving around the sun at th
49、e same speed as the earth does 50 According to the passage which of the following is true? （ A） A fixed star refers a star that is always stationary on the sky. （ B） Scientists can tell the motion of the earth from the motions of other five planets. （ C） Ancient people had scanty knowledge about the movement of the stars. （ D） All the stars on the sky can be seen all the year around. 50 There are advantages in 1997, if you want to look for them. The air is cleaner, and there seem to be fewer colds. The crime rat
