1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 327及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What are the two speakers talking about? （ A） The benefits of nuclear weapons. （ B） The environmental pollution caused by nuclear-powered stations. （ C） The disadvantages of used fuel. （ D） The advantages of nuclear-powered stations. 12 Where is the used fuel disposed of? （ A）
5、The United Nations Atomic Energy Authority. （ B） The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Organization. （ C） The United States Atomic Energy Authority. （ D） The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. 13 Which is NOT the advantage of the nuclear stations? （ A） The nuclear stations are safer than the coal-fi
6、red stations. （ B） The cost of building the nuclear stations is more than that of the coal-fired stations. （ C） The cheaper running of the nuclear stations can offset its great construction. （ D） The nuclear stations are much cleaner than the conventional ones. 14 How does a whale keep itself warm?
7、（ A） By its thick layer of fat under its skin. （ B） By moving frequently in the water. （ C） By adjusting its blood temperature. （ D） By taking in hot air. 15 What do we learn about the blood temperature of a whale? （ A） Grows colder as the blubber accumulates. （ B） Remains the same. （ C） Varies acco
8、rding to the water temperature. （ D） Grows warmer as the whale grows older. 16 In what way do whales distinguish themselves from other land mammals? （ A） They have very few hairs on their bodies. （ B） They bear their young rather than laying eggs. （ C） Their lungs are full of hot air and water. （ D）
9、 They can walk on their hind legs on land. 17 What s the main topic of this passage? （ A） It s about the tests of a new airliner before its flying. （ B） It s about how to protect a new airliner. （ C） It s about how to train a new pilot. （ D） It s about what the airliner engineers should do. 18 Why a
10、ir must be pumped into the plane? （ A） Because without air the plane cant fly. （ B） Because the plane needs air for its fuel. （ C） Because the passengers lives depend on air. （ D） Because the passengers have paid for it. 19 What would happen if a small part of the plane were to crack? （ A） The plane
11、 would not go forward. （ B） The plane would explode. （ C） The plane would fall down. （ D） The plane would fly slowly. 20 For what purpose does the pilot shut off all the engines? （ A） To find out exactly what happens. （ B） To save fuel. （ C） To fly more slowly. （ D） To keep balance. 一、 Section II Us
12、e of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Using a public telephone may well be one of the minor irritations of life, demanding patience, determination and a strong possibility of failure tog
13、ether on occasion with considerable unpopularity. The hopeful【 C1】 _(shall we call him George?) waits till six o clock in the evening to take【 C2】 _of the so-called “cheap rates“ for a long distance call. The telephone box, with two broken panes of glass in the side, stands at the【 C3】 _of two main
14、roads with buses, lorries and cars roaring past. It is pouring with rain as George【 C4】 _a queue of four depressed-looking people. Time passes slowly and seems to come to a standstill【 C5】 _the person immediately before George【 C6】_on an endless conversation, pausing only to insert another coin ever
15、y minute or so. Eventually the receiver is replaced and the caller leaves the【 C7】 _. George enters and picks up one of the directories inside, only to discover that someone unknown has torn out the 【 C8】 _page he needs. Nothing for it but to dial Directory Enquiries. He waits patiently for a reply
16、(while someone outside【 C9】_repeatedly on the door) and finally notes down the number given. At last George can go【 C10】 _with his call. Just as he is starting to dial, however, the door opens and an unpleasant-looking face peers in with the demand “cant you hurry up?“. 【 C11】 _such barbarity, Georg
17、e continues to dial and his unwanted companion withdraws. At last he hears the burr-burr of the ringing【 C12】_, immediately followed by rapid pips demanding his money, but he is now so upset that he knocks down the coins he has placed ready on the top of the box. Having at last located them, he dial
18、s again the pips are repeated and he hastily inserts the coins. A cold voice【 C13】 _him, “Grand Hotel, Chalfont Well. “ “Ive an urgent message for a Mr. Smith who is a guest in your hotel. Could you put me through to him? I m afraid I don t know his room number. “ The response appears less than enth
19、usiastic and a long silence【 C14】 _. George inserts more coins. Then the voice informs him, “I ve been trying to locate Mr. Smith but the hall porter reports having seen him leave about a minute ago. “ Breathing heavily, George【 C15】 _the receiver, just as the knocking on the door starts again. 21 【
20、 C1】 22 【 C2】 23 【 C3】 24 【 C4】 25 【 C5】 26 【 C6】 27 【 C7】 28 【 C8】 29 【 C9】 30 【 C10】 31 【 C11】 32 【 C12】 33 【 C13】 34 【 C14】 35 【 C15】 Part A 35 Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, t
21、hinner than a brown-paper envelope , or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true. The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to crea
22、te a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. 【 R1】 _. The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means
23、of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century s culture machine. But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution.【 R2】 _. I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realize th
24、at there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second , the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing. All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make
25、 nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods paintings, sculpture and architecture and superfluous experiences music, literature
26、, religion and philosophy. 【 R3】 _. For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commen
27、ting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. 【 R4】 _. Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on. 【 R5】 _. What counts as meaningful uploading? M
28、y definition revolves around the concept of “stickiness“ creations and experiences to which others adhere. A Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to mo
29、ve beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity. B Applications like tumblr. com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.
30、C Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day. D This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading between passive consumptio
31、n and active creation whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. E The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players. F One reason
32、 for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world s media culture has been defined by a single mediumtelevision and television is defined by downloading. G The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encoura
33、ge thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading. 36 【 R1】 37 【 R2】 38 【 R3】 39 【 R4】 40 【 R5】 Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 Since the dawn of human i
34、ngenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics - the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version
35、 of science fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at
36、 automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micromechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain an
37、d bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy -far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions fo
38、r themselves - goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error, “ says Dave La-very , manager of a robotics program at NASA, “ we can t yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world. Indeed the quest for true artificial
39、 intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decad
40、es if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented - and human perception far more complicated - than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel
41、 by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big
42、crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neu-roscientists still dont know quite how we do it. 41 Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in_. （ A） the use of machines to produce science fiction （ B） the wide use of machines in manufacturing indust
43、ry （ C） the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work （ D） the elite s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work 42 The word “gizmos“(Line 1, Paragraph 2)most probably means “_“. （ A） programs （ B） experts （ C） devices （ D） creatures 43 According to the text, what is beyond man s abili
44、ty now is to design a robot that can_. （ A） fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery （ B） interact with human beings verbally （ C） have a little common sense （ D） respond independently to a changing world 44 Besides reducing human labor, robots can also_. （ A） make a few decisions for th
45、emselves （ B） deal with some errors with human intervention （ C） improve factory environments （ D） cultivate human creativity 45 The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are_. （ A） expected to copy human brain in internal structure （ B） able to perceive abnormalities immediately
46、（ C） far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information （ D） best used in a controlled environment 45 Education is primarily the responsibility of the states. State constitutions set up certain standards and rules for the establishment of school. State laws require children to go to
47、school until they reach a certain age. The actual control of the schools, however, is usually a local matter. The control of the schools does not usually come directly from the local government. In each of the three types of city government, public schools are generally quite separate and independen
48、t. They cooperate with local officials but are not dominated by the municipal government. Most A-mericans believe that schools should be free of political pressures. They believe that the separate control of the school systems preserves such freedom. Public schools are usually maintained by school d
49、istricts. The state often sets the district boundaries. Sometimes the school district has the same boundaries as the city. Sometimes it is larger than the city. In the South, county boards of education members are elected. In some places they are appointed by the mayor or city council. The state legislature decides which method should be used. Most district boards of education try to give all pupils a chance to get a go
