1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 54及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twic
2、e. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 Which department is Dr. Smith i
3、n? 7 Don Williams cant talk to Dr. Smith because he 8 When will Dons class begin? 9 Don will not have any class until 10 Dr. Smith should put the next assignment on PART C Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of t
4、he questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. 11 It will be more difficult to relax yourself, if （ A） you do physical exercises late
5、 in the day. （ B） you have sleeping pills. （ C） your heart rate increases. （ D） you rest frequently during the day. 12 What is the best thing to do on sleepless night? （ A） To take some sleeping pills. （ B） To drink milk or eat cheese or fish. （ C） To find a comfortable position in bed. （ D） To do p
6、hysical exercises. 13 What will tomorrows broadcast be about? （ A） Neurotransmitter. （ B） Bodys natural rhythm. （ C） How to keep health. （ D） Hints for good health. 14 Why cant the woman miss the dentist appointment? （ A） Because she has changed the appointment twice before. （ B） Because she is free
7、 only at that period of time. （ C） Because she has got a toothache all day. （ D） Because her dentist will be busy at other periods. 15 What will the woman do with Julie? （ A） Watch a movie with Julie. （ B） Practice soccer with Julie. （ C） Help Julie with her science project. （ D） Finish the history
8、assignment together. 16 Why cant they watch a movie at home in the evening? （ A） Because Susans mother will not allow them to watch a movie. （ B） Because Susan has to finish her history assignment. （ C） Because Susan has to cook for the family. （ D） Because Susans video machine is broken. 17 Which o
9、f the following statement about the book Dr. Spocks Baby and Child Care is true? （ A） It sells as well as the Bible. （ B） It is the second best seller after the Bible. （ C） No one likes the book. （ D） It has sold over 50 billion copies. 18 When was the book first published? （ A） In 1994. （ B） In 196
10、4. （ C） In 1946. （ D） In 1998. 19 When the last edition of the book published, Dr. Spock was （ A） happy. （ B） popular. （ C） dead. （ D） old. 20 Which is the Dr. Spocks advice for raising children? （ A） Parents should respect their children. （ B） Parents should feed children on a rigid schedule. （ C）
11、Parents should break children of bad habits. （ D） Parents should avoid showing their children affections. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 In the United States, olde
12、r people rarely live with theft adult children, But in many other cultures children are expected to care 【 21】 _ their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who 【 22】 _ with their parents 【 23】 _ 65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to care for t
13、heir elderly parents; few Thai older people live 【 24】 _ . What explains these differences in living arrangements 【 25】 _ cultures? Modernization theory 【 26】 _ the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in larg
14、e extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people 【 27】 _ in 【 28】 _ rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, w
15、hich is fully modernized, 【 29】 _ a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain 【 30】 _ living arrangements. Another theory associates intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of in
16、heritance 【 31】 _ . 【 32】_ this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then 【 33】 _ their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, 【 34】 _ broader social changes brought 【 35】 _ by industrialization and
17、urbanization, have 【 36】 _ the 【 37】_ . In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did-a figure that is still high 【 38】 _ U.S. standards, but which has been 【 39】 _ steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are 【 40】 _ : the percen
18、tage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old. 21 【 21】 （ A） about （ B） after （ C） for （ D）
19、over 22 【 22】 （ A） reside （ B） recite （ C） redeem （ D） rebel 23 【 23】 （ A） amasses （ B） amounts （ C） attains （ D） reaches 24 【 24】 （ A） lone （ B） alone （ C） lonesome （ D） lonely 25 【 25】 （ A） over （ B） across （ C） within （ D） above 26 【 26】 （ A） associated （ B） linked （ C） united （ D） combined 27 【
20、27】 （ A） aside （ B） after （ C） over （ D） behind 28 【 28】 （ A） isolated （ B） segregated （ C） idealized （ D） secluded 29 【 29】 （ A） maintain （ B） promote （ C） reserve （ D） support 30 【 30】 （ A） appointed （ B） assigned （ C） preserved （ D） preferred 31 【 31】 （ A） controls （ B） overtakes （ C） predominate
21、s （ D） overwhelms 32 【 32】 （ A） At （ B） Under （ C） By （ D） Over 33 【 33】 （ A） delivers （ B） conveys （ C） conceives （ D） inherits 34 【 34】 （ A） as well as （ B） might as well （ C） as well （ D） well as 35 【 35】 （ A） off （ B） up （ C） around （ D） about 36 【 36】 （ A） undermined （ B） decreased （ C） diminis
22、hed （ D） defeated 37 【 37】 （ A） authority （ B） usage （ C） habit （ D） tradition 38 【 38】 （ A） by （ B） on （ C） with （ D） in 39 【 39】 （ A） inclining （ B） reclining （ C） declining （ D） reducing 40 【 40】 （ A） receding （ B） removing （ C） invading （ D） eroding Part B Directions: Read the following four tex
23、ts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 Almost everybody wants to live as long as possible. And given the enormous strides made in medicine and the health sciences during the past 150 years, people could be forgiven for hoping that
24、someday human beings will live, if not quite forever, at least far longer than at present. Since the mid 19th century, average life expectancy at birth has nearly doubled: from 40 years to 75. Today many people live past 100, and the oldest individuals have reached either 115 or 120, depending on wh
25、om you believe. So it comes as something of a surprise to be told by the experts that human beings have taken life about as far as it can go. That is the serious conclusion of a report in Science magazine last week by S. Jay Olshansky and Christine Cassel. Unless an unexpected breakthrough in basic
26、science that would prevent the aging process, the era of rapid increases in human life span has come to an end, at least in developed countries. Even if science could cure heart disease and cancer, which account for nearly 50 percent of all deaths in the U. S. , it is unlikely that the average life
27、expectancy at birth would increase much beyond 85. What makes the report so compelling is that it is based on simple mathematics. In the past, the upper limits of life have been guessed from actuarial tables by estimating how death rates would change if, say, the incidence of heart disease were halv
28、ed. “We reversed the question,“ says Olshan sky. Taking an“ engineering approach“ his team members asked themselves how many death rates would have to be reduced in order to increase average life expectancy to 120 years. What they discovered, after running the numbers through a computer, was that bi
29、g hits in current death rates in the U. S. would give only small lifts to life expectancy. For example, if some miracle of medicine can guarantee no one died before reaching age 50 (thus eliminating 12 percent of all deaths), the increase in average life expectancy would be only 3.5 years. There see
30、ms to be a kind of built-in biological limit programmed into the cells of the human body. In laboratory experiments, human cells divide only about 50 times before they begin to fall apart like old cars. This planned loss of use on natures part makes a certain amount of evolutionary sense. Survival o
31、f the fittest, after all, rewards only those who reproduce, not necessarily those who reach old age, Once reproduction is over, human bodies may as well be throwaway goods, biologically speaking. 41 Why is it forgivable for people to hope that they will live longer in the future than now? （ A） Becau
32、se people want to live as long as possible, （ B） Because life expectancy has doubled since the mid-19th century. （ C） Because many people live past 100 and the oldest individuals have reached more than 100. （ D） Because great progress is made in medicine and health sciences during the past 150 years
33、. 42 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statements is true? （ A） Human life span would probably not increase rapidly. （ B） The human life span will increase more rapidly in developed country. （ C） If heart disease and cancer could be cured, the average life span will increase more rapi
34、dly. （ D） It is easy to prolong peoples life beyond 85 in developed country. 43 What Olshansky and his team member discovered shows that （ A） it is possible for the average life span to increase to 120 years, if death rates are reduced. （ B） the average human life span will increase a little, if the
35、 death rates are reduced. （ C） the upper limits of life bears no relation with the change of death rates, （ D） the average human life span will increase a lot, if no one died before reaching age 50. 44 What is important for human bodies to renew? （ A） Evolution. （ B） Biological condition. （ C） Repro
36、duction. （ D） Old age. 45 What can we infer from the text? （ A） It is easy to prolong the average life span in developed country, because of the advanced health science. （ B） It is difficult to prolong the average life span greatly, because science cannot prevent the aging process now. （ C） If the d
37、iseases that cause most of the death can be cured, the average life span will increase greatly. （ D） More and more people will live past 100 if the diseases that cause most of the death can be cured. 45 Every man is a philosopher. Every man has his own philosophy of life and his special view of the
38、universe. Moreover, his philosophy is important, more important perhaps than be himself knows. It determines his treatment of friends and enemies, his conduct when alone and in society, his attitude to wards his home ,his work, and his country, his religious beliefs, his ethical standards, his socia
39、l adjustment and his personal happiness. Nations, too, through the political or military party in power, have their philosophers of thought and actions. Wars are waged and revolutions incited because of the clash of ideologies, the conflict of philosophies, h has always been so. World War Two is but
40、 the latest and most dramatic illustration of the combustible nature of differences in social and political philosophy. Philosophy, says Plato, begins with wonder. We wonder about the destructive fury of earthquake, floods, storms, drought, pestilence, famine and fire, the mysteries of birth and dea
41、th, pleasure and pain, change and permanence, cruelty and kindness, instincts and ideals, mind and body, the size of the universe and mans place in it. Our questions are endless. What is man? What is Nature? What is justice? What is duty? Alone among the animals man is concerned about his origin and
42、 end ,about his purposes and goals, about the meaning of life and the nature of reality. He alone distinguishes between beauty and ugliness, good and evil, the better and the worse. He may be a member of the animal kingdom, but he is also a citizen of the world ideas and values. Some of mans questio
43、ns have been answered. Where the answer is clear, we call it science or art and move to higher ground and a new vista of the world. Many of our questions, however, will never have final answers. Men will always discuss the nature of justice and right, the significance of evil, the art of government,
44、 the relation of mind and matter, the search for truth, the quest for happiness, the idea of God, and the meaning of reality. The human race has reflected so long and often on these problems that the same patterns of thought recurs in almost every age. We should know what these thoughts are. We shou
45、ld know what answers have been suggested by those who have most influenced ancient and modern thought. We shall want to do our own thinking and find our own answers. It is, however, neither necessary nor advisable to travel alone. Others have helped dispel the darkness, and the light they have kindl
46、ed may also illuminate our way. 46 By saying“ Every man is a philosopher“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author implies that （ A） everybody can know and use philosophic theories well enough to deal with the world. （ B） philosophy will help everybody to deal with the world though he is not a philosopher.
47、 （ C） everybody has his own views of life and they will practice these views in the world. （ D） it is important for everybody to know and use philosophy to deal with the world. 47 According to the author, what is the cause for wars? （ A） The differences of political power. （ B） The differences of mi
48、litary power. （ C） The differences of the peoples nature. （ D） The differences of social and political philosophy. 48 According to Plato ,philosophy is originated from （ A） thinking and questioning about various phenomena occurred. （ B） the dread of disasters. （ C） the origin of human being. （ D） th
49、e development of advanced technology. 49 In what ways human beings are different from other animals? （ A） Human beings are concerned with their origins. （ B） Human beings can think and value. （ C） Human beings can distinguish good from evil. （ D） Human beings have evolved over long time. 50 According to the text, which of the following is true? （ A） We should think on our own when reflecting on the philosophical problems of the world. （ B） We should cooperate with others
