1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 14及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively
3、high-profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family“. Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting“ has turned my tired excuse in
4、to an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all“, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after
5、 her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life“, and making the alternative move into “downshifting“ brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to
6、return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12 hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time“. In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a wel
7、l-established trend. Downshifting also known in America as “voluntary simplicity“ has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as
8、 The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-1990s equivalent of dropping out. While in America the trend started as a reaction
9、 to the economic decline after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 1980s and is still linked to the politics of thrift. In Britain, at least among the middle-class down-shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. For the women of my ge
10、neration who were urged to keep juggling through the 1980s, downshifting in the mid-1990s is not so much a search for the mythical good lifegrowing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one as a personal recognition of your limitations. 1 Which of the following is true according to P
11、aragraph 1? （ A） Full-time employment is a new international trend. （ B） The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job. （ C） A lateral move means stepping out of full-time employment. （ D） The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family. 2 The writers experiment shows t
12、hat downshifting_. （ A） enables her to realize her dream （ B） helps her mold a new philosophy of life （ C） prompts her to abandon her high social status . （ D） leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine 3 “Juggling ones life“ probably means living a life characterized by_. （ A） non-materialist
13、ic lifestyle （ B） a bit of everything （ C） extreme stress （ D） anti-consumerism 4 According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U. S. as a result of_. （ A） the quick pace of modern life （ B） mans adventurous spirit （ C） mans search for mythical experiences （ D） the economic situation 5 Which
14、 can be inferred from the article? （ A） The author was fed up with her present job. （ B） The author was probably a married business woman of America. （ C） Anticonsumerism refers to prevention of consumption. （ D） Kelsey had predicted this trend seven years before. 6 What is the authors attitude towa
15、rd the “downshifting“ trend we can see from this article? （ A） Obscure. （ B） Supportive. （ C） Opposing. （ D） Ironical. 6 Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices, thereby establishing a firm ho
16、me market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowe
17、rs the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 percent more. And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reason
18、able value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through mis
19、leading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.
20、Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of. There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawi
21、ng excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive advertising would be so
22、 boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants. 7 By the first sentence of the passage the author means that_. （ A） he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising （ B） everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming （ C）
23、 advertising costs money like everything else （ D） it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising 8 In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising? （ A） Securing greater fame. （ B） Providing more jobs. （ C） Enhancing living standards. （ D） Reducing newspaper
24、cost. 9 The author deems that the well-known TV personality is_. （ A） very precise in passing his judgement on advertising （ B） interested in nothing but the buyers attention （ C） correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information （ D） obviously partial in his views on advertising
25、10 In the authors opinion, _. （ A） advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information （ B） advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over （ C） there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer （ D） the buyer is not interested in getting in
26、formation from an advertisement 11 Advertising can be best depicted as_. （ A） distribution of information （ B） a measure of promotion （ C） a kind of production cost （ D） a way to persuade consumer to buy 12 In the authors eyes, what is the basic purpose of advertising? （ A） Distribution of informati
27、on. （ B） Providing information. （ C） To persuade consumer to buy the products. （ D） Reducing the cost for promotion. 12 If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition wealth, distinction, control over ones destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambitions behalf. If the
28、tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is
29、 that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them. Certainly people do not see
30、m less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their drea
31、ms, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books
32、 who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing
33、ambitious. “ The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, while they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lo
34、wer than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics,
35、 on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. 13 It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if_. （ A） its returns well compensate for the sacrifices （ B） it is rewarded with money, fame and power （ C） its goals
36、 are spiritual rather than material （ D） it is shared by the rich and the famous 14 The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is_. （ A） customary of the educated to discard ambition in words （ B） too late to check ambition once it has been let out （ C） dishonest to deny
37、ambition after the fulfillment of the goal （ D） impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition 15 Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because_. （ A） they think of it as immoral （ B） their pursuits are not fame or wealth （ C） ambition is not closely related to material be
38、nefits （ D） they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible 16 From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained _. （ A） secretly and vigorously （ B） openly and enthusiastically （ C） easily and momentarily （ D） verbally and spiritually 17 Which is the attitude
39、 of the author to the ambition? （ A） Indifferent. （ B） Critical. （ C） Positive. （ D） Neutral. 18 What is the attitude of most American people toward ambition stated in this article? （ A） Critical. （ B） Supportive. （ C） Positive. （ D） Obscure. 18 A. Make one point per e-mail. B. Internal e-mail. C. S
40、pecify the response you want. D. Subject lines are headlines. E. Be a good correspondent. When youre trying to locate some information in an e-mail someone sent you a few weeks back, what helps you find it quickly? If the sender included the information you want in a long message covering lots of po
41、ints, the chances are that it will take you time to find it. Worse, if the sender is someone you communicate with regularly, and he or she just pressed Reply to a previous message about a different point, the heading of the mail you need wont actually be related to the information you want. There ar
42、e a few simple rules to ensure that your e-mails are read in the first place and stay useful to the recipient. 【 R1】 _ The headline in a newspaper does two things: It grabs your attention and informs you what the article is about so you can decide whether you want to read further. E-mail subject lin
43、es need to do the same thing. Use the subject line to inform the receiver of EXACTLY what the e-mail is about in a few well-chosen words. You might include a call to action such as “Please respond by 7 November“, and if your message is one of a regular series of mails, such as a weekly project repor
44、t, include the date in the subject line too. Because everyone gets e-mails they do not want(spam), appropriate use of the subject line increases the chances your e-mail will be read and not deleted without so much as a glance. Of course, just as it would be ridiculous to publish a newspaper without
45、headlines, never leave the subject line blank. 【 R2】 _ The beauty of e-mail, compared with letters, is that it doesnt cost any more to send several mails than it does to send one. So, if you need to communicate with someone about several matters, write a separate e-mail on each subject. That way you
46、r correspondent can reply to each one in the appropriate time-frame. One topic might only require a short reply that he or she can make straight away. Another topic might require more research. By writing separate e-mails, you get clearer answers. However, as with traditional business letters, the e
47、-mail should be clear and concise, with the purpose of the e-mail detailed in the very first paragraph. Sentences should be kept short and to the point. 【 R3】 _ Make sure to include any call to action you desire, such as a phone call or follow-up appointment. Then, make sure you include your contact
48、 information, including your name, title, and phone numbers. Do this even with internal messages: the easier you make it for someone else to respond, the more likely they are to do so. 【 R4】 _ If you regularly correspond using e-mail, make sure to clean out your e-mail inbox at least once each day.
49、This is a simple act of courtesy and will also serve to encourage send-ers to return your e-mails in a timely manner. If a lengthy response is required to an e-mail, but you dont have the time to pull together the information required now, send a holding reply saying that you have received the message, and indicating when you will respond fully. Always set your Out of Office agent when you are going to be away from your e-mail for a day or more, whether on leave or because youre at mee
