1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 35及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain exis
3、ted but fear did not, a child would burn himself again and again, because fear would not warn him to keep away from the fire that had burnt him before. A really fearless soldier and some do exist is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and p
4、ain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out. In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be properly used. If, for example , you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear
5、rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe: an airplane may crash on your house, or ants may eat away some of the beams in your roof so that the latter falls on you, or you may get cancer! The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant
6、 and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you; fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well. In some cases, howeve
7、r, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example, you cannot prevent an airplane crashing onto your house. In this case, fear has given you its warning; you have examined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of this particular danger is no longer of an
8、y use to you, and you have to try to overcome it. 1 Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if_. （ A） they were given no warning beforehand （ B） they had never burnt themselves （ C） they had no sense of pain （ D） they were fearful of the fire 2 A really fearless soldier_. （ A
9、） is of little use to the army （ B） is without equal （ C） is nothing but a dead soldier （ D） easily gets killed in a battle 3 Fear should be used properly because_. （ A） an airplane may crash on your house （ B） you may get cancer （ C） fear can only be used as a servant and guide （ D） men are now let
10、ting fear rule them too much 4 People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding danger because_. （ A） they have gained experience （ B） they jump out of the way in time （ C） they are calm in face of danger （ D） they are warned of the danger and can take quick action 5 Implied but not stated in this passag
11、e: _. （ A） Fear is always something helpful （ B） Too much fear is harmful （ C） Fear ought to be used as a servant and guide （ D） Fear is something unprofitable 6 Whats the authors attitude towards fear according to this text? （ A） Useless. （ B） Helpless. （ C） Conquerable. （ D） Uncontrollable. 6 How
12、men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they
13、agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words. The power of words, then, lies in their associations the things they bring up before our minds. Words beco
14、me filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but
15、 also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can
16、 move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and dull. 7 The origin of language is_. （ A） a legend handed down from the past （ B） a matter that is hidden secretly （ C） a question difficult to answer （ D） a pro
17、blem not yet solved 8 One of the reasons why men invented certain sounds to express thoughts and actions was that_. （ A） they could agree upon certain signs （ B） they could write them down （ C） they could communicate with each other （ D） they could combine them 9 What is true about the words? （ A） T
18、hey are used to express feelings only. （ B） They can not be written down. （ C） They are simply sounds. （ D） They are mysterious. 10 In expressing their thoughts, great writers are able_. （ A） to confuse the readers （ B） to move men to tears （ C） to move our actions （ D） to puzzle our feelings 11 Whi
19、ch of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true? （ A） He is no more a master of words than an ordinary person. （ B） He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music. （ C） He can move men to tears. （ D） His style is always charming. 12 Whats the main topic of this text? （ A） The
20、magic usage of words. （ B） The origin of words. （ C） How to choose our words. （ D） The definition of words. 12 A. The necessity to stop the current practice. B. Effect of the pet-raising industry on fish population. C. Consequences from killing fish predators. D. Consumption of fish by domestic anim
21、als. E. The practice of removing predatory species. All over the world, fishing communities are screaming for the heads of seals, dolphins, pelicans and even whales. The reason for this is grossly diminished populations of commercial fish. Simply put, most of the worlds commercial fisheries have col
22、lapsed or are in a state of collapse. The reason for the collapse has been a combination of mismanagement and corruption within governmental fishery departments, industrial over-fishing, increasing demand from steadily rising human populations and just plain greed. 【 R1】 _ Instead of facing up to re
23、al reasons, government bureaucrats, fishermen and the public have chosen to scapegoat other species that rely on fish for their survival. Because of this, Canadians are engaged in a mamssive slaughter of seals on the Atlantic coast and clamouring for a sea lion killed on the Pacific coast. The Namib
24、ians are killing some 60,000 seals each year. The Japanese are slaughtering dolphins; fishermen in California are killing and maiming pelicans and cormorants; and the Norwegians, Icelanders and the Japanese are steadily increasing their illegal whale kills. 【 R2】 _ In fact, in every coastal communit
25、y the story is the same. Kill the seals, kill the birds and kill the dolphins anything to save the fish. Ironically, the diminishment of seals and other natural predators is directly contributing to a further decline in fish. The reason for this is that marine mammals and birds eat fish and remove s
26、ick and weak species from the populations they prey upon. In the case of the harp seal, the seals remove species that prey upon cod and thus reduce predatory species having an impact on the cod. The fact is that the largest predators of fish are other fish. Seals, dolphins, pelicans and cormorants k
27、eep these populations in check and in balance. 【 R3】 _ Before modern global fishing, marine mammal and sea bird populations were much more populous than today. The seal population on the East Coast alone was close to 40 million only 500 years ago. And there was no shortage of fish. The cod have been
28、 reduced to one per cent of their original numbers in the last 500 years by the human species. Lets put this in perspective. The worldwide population of all species of seals is about 28 million Yet the worldwide population of domestic house cats is estimated to be about 80 million The house cat popu
29、lation of the US alone consumes 2. 9 million tons of fish each year. This means that South Africas entire annual catch of fish is only 17 per cent of this 2. 9-million-ton requirement As seal conservationist Francois Hugo of South Africa puts it, “We are destroying our indigenous natural wildlife to
30、 feed an unchecked exotic domestic pet market. “ 【 R4】 _ It is also a tragedy that more than 50 per cent of all the fish taken from the sea are not eaten by people. Most of it is rendered into animal feed for cattle, chickens, pigs and, ironically, for farm-raised salmon. It takes 30 to 50 fish caug
31、ht from the ocean to raise and market one farm-raised salmon. Captain Jacques Cousteau told me not long before he died that “the oceans are dying in our time. “ 【 R5】 _ We must be insane to continue to pull the last of the fishes from the sea to fed domestic pets and livestock. Most of these fish ar
32、e the small fishes like the herring and sand-eelsthe very fish that provide the foundation of the food chain for the larger fish. The North Sea sand-eel fishery alone has destroyed tens of thousands of puffins and this fishery is exclusively for the livestock feed trade. If nations simply prohibited
33、 the taking of fish to feed livestock and pets, we would effectively cut the annual reduction of fish from our oceans by more than 50 per cent. But it wont happen because there is much money to be made from selling these products and government bureaucrats and politicians do what they are told by th
34、e corporations that have the money and provide the jobs. Unfortunately, this path has only one destination the silent seas, fishes out, with whales, seals, birds, and turtles removed. A stagnant stinking cesspool of lifeless brine will be our legacy. 13 【 R1】 14 【 R2】 15 【 R3】 16 【 R4】 17 【 R5】 17 I
35、n general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations“ experts; yet al
36、l this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
37、The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotiona
38、lly and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall beh
39、ind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing
40、is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that
41、 we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise“ capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in
42、which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities those of love and of reason are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be
43、prevented from ruling man. 18 By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery“ the author intends to render the idea that man is_. （ A） a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligible （ B） working in complete harmony with the rest of the society （ C） an unimportant part in compa
44、rison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly （ D） a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly 19 The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that_. （ A） they are likely to lose their jobs （ B） they have no genuine satisfaction or interest
45、in life （ C） they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence （ D） they are deprived of their individuality and independence 20 From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those_. （ A） who are at the bottom of the society （ B） who are higher up in their socia
46、l status （ C） who prove better than their fellow-competitors （ D） who could keep far away from this competitive world 21 To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should_. （ A） resort to the production mode of our ancestors （ B） offer higher wages to the workers and employees
47、（ C） enable man to fully develop his potentialities （ D） take the fundamental realities for granted 22 The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of_. （ A） approval （ B） dissatisfaction （ C） suspicion （ D） tolerance 23 Whats the role of psychologists in social life ac
48、cording to this text? （ A） To test the behavior, sociability and capacity to get along of social leaders. （ B） To help social leaders and blue-and white-collar workers to solve their psychology problems. （ C） To show a world of less competition. （ D） To help social leaders to release their anxiety a
49、nd stress. 在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 35答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章第 1段的第 2句话 “If fire did not hurt when it burnt” ，从中可知 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 2
