1、复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷 20及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The representative presented to the committee a_signed by 1, 200 electors asking for a thorough probe into the financial scandal surrounding the candidate for the regional legislator. （ A） post （ B） letter （ C） petition （ D） paper 2 His_personality
2、, rather than his good looks, made him popular with others. （ A） enlisting （ B） enduring （ C） enhancing （ D） engaging 3 Some pundits_that many computers are obsolete before theyre even designed, which goes a long way toward explaining why the ATM at my grocery store never works. （ A） teach （ B） prai
3、se （ C） speculate （ D） institute 4 After exploring for more than half a year the ecologist felt a great_resulting from the rare species the team had spotted at the foot of the mountain. （ A） thrill （ B） tremble （ C） lust （ D） thrift 5 According the report the ailments of the worlds poor received_ at
4、tention compared to the diseases of the rich in the past decade. （ A） solid （ B） scant （ C） highlighting （ D） flourishing 6 The company was financially_and almost went to bankruptcy during last years economic recession. （ A） corrupt （ B） cornered （ C） ingredient （ D） covered 7 Today this city is a h
5、ighly skilled society without the urban sprawl and rural poverty that _larger nations. （ A） reflect （ B） motivate （ C） conflict （ D） afflict 8 The employees tried to avoid every risk that might_her displeasure during the first month after she was divorced by her husband. （ A） indebt （ B） indicate （
6、C） incur （ D） incline 9 The prospect has infuriated ordinary Mexicans, who have seen the purchasing power of their paychecks_more than 40% since 1982. （ A） burned （ B） broken （ C） polluted （ D） eroded 10 His theories, though criticized by economists of more orthodox bent, have had enormous _on gover
7、nment fiscal policy. （ A） restraint （ B） impact （ C） acceptance （ D） reliance 11 His attitude toward social welfare legislation, based entirely on his perception of himself as a self-made man, _him the support of the voters in the states economically depressed. （ A） earned （ B） cost （ C） divested （
8、D） evoked 12 Despite the fact that the two council members belonged to different political parties. They _the issue of how to finance the town debt. （ A） complicated （ B） agreed on （ C） avoided （ D） reported on 13 In this densely populated city, acid rain is_; it is a sign both of industrialization
9、and pollution. （ A） prevalent （ B） productive （ C） popular （ D） possible 14 If said there were about 500,000 visitors flocking to the city for the 3rd International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition, that would be a_estimate in fact there are probably a lot more. （ A） constructive （ B） conservative
10、（ C） affirmative （ D） progressive 15 We were most flattered to find that we had a wonderfully_audience for last nights performance. （ A） responsible （ B） reflected （ C） reactive （ D） responsive 16 In order to earn stronger support, the candidate claimed that the new law would allow more women and di
11、sabled people to enter the_of American life. （ A） society （ B） artery （ C） center （ D） mainstream 17 According to the weather forecast, which is usually_. It will snow this afternoon. （ A） exact （ B） precise （ C） accurate （ D） perfect 18 Unless all staff members agree to _ to the plan, there may be
12、further changes in the course of action. （ A） infer （ B） prefer （ C） adhere （ D） assure 19 The young man was deeply hurt because his proposal was rejected and, to a certain extent, _at by the groups members. （ A） sneered （ B） smiled （ C） simulated （ D） stimulated 20 The competition was intense becau
13、se there were four parties that planned to_for power in the congress. （ A） confess （ B） contend （ C） consist （ D） conflict 21 The young artist had not expected to find such an ideal attic in that_building, which had been abandoned several years earlier by a sewing machine manufacturer. （ A） run-off
14、（ B） run-down （ C） run-about （ D） run-away 22 After an hours discussion, the curriculum designers and computer programmers reached a consensus: that the new package of language learning materials should be both amusing and _for the users. （ A） enlightening （ B） enforcing （ C） engulfing （ D） enjoinin
15、g 23 John used to be such a computer buff that he spent a large part of his income_his computer whenever a new CPU was introduced. （ A） imbibe （ B） modify （ C） increase （ D） upgrade 24 In order to be more productive and efficient, the board decided to_a sound system of operation. （ A） institute （ B）
16、 inspire （ C） infer （ D） induct 25 According to the instructor, students who are absent from lectures more than three times will be_in the end of the semester assessment. （ A） reviewed （ B） dismantled （ C） penalized （ D） revived 26 The connoisseurs opinions differed greatly as to the question whethe
17、r the picture on show was a(n)_Picasso painting. （ A） explicit （ B） reliable （ C） stringent （ D） authentic 27 Gore made a call to Bush to_his defeat in the election, but he soon retracted it as word spread that the ballots had be recounted. （ A） acknowledge （ B） reckon （ C） confess （ D） proclaim 28
18、San Francisco_for its mild climate, beautiful environment and many tourist attractions, such as the Golden Gate Bridge and the Golden Gate Park. （ A） endured （ B） measured （ C） celebrated （ D） interplayed 29 In anticipation of their forthcoming debut CD, the rock band went on tour to_it, in the hope
19、 of increasing their following. （ A） stoop （ B） entitle （ C） capture （ D） promote 30 She complained that the treatment she received in the hospital had completely_her of her dignity. （ A） frustrated （ B） confronted （ C） deprived （ D） examined 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 If sustainable competitive ad
20、vantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human management is not traditionally seen as a central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered as individual responsibility. Labor is simply another force of production to be h
21、ired/rented at the lowest possible cost, which is a must as one buys raw material or equipment. The lack of importance attached to human resource management can be seen in the corporate pecking order. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always the second in command. The post of
22、 head of human resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer. By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human resource man
23、agement is central usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firms hierarchy. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work force, in fact, they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The mo
24、ney they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional or managerial employees. And the limited investments that made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possi
25、ble to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany(as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in
26、Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at the speed with which new equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be em
27、ployed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these proc
28、esses will disappear. 31 Which of the following applies to the human resource management of American companies? （ A） They hire people with the least possible money regardless of their skills. （ B） They see skill gaining as their employees own business. （ C） They prefer to hire self-trained workers.
29、（ D） They only hire skilled workers because of keen employment competition. 32 What is the position of the executive of human-resource management in American firms? （ A） He is one of the most important executives of the firm. （ B） His position is likely to disappear when new technologies have been i
30、ntroduced. （ C） He has no saying in making important decisions of the firm. （ D） He is directly under the chief financial executive. 33 The money most American firms put in work force training mainly goes on_. （ A） technological and managerial staff （ B） workers who will run new equipment （ C） worke
31、rs who lack of basic background skills （ D） top executive 34 Why is there a slow pace of technological change in American firms? （ A） New equipment is more expensive in America. （ B） American firms dont pay enough attention to on-the-job training of their workers. （ C） The decision making process in
32、 American firms makes them less responsive to technological changes. （ D） The professional staff of American firms are less paid and so less creative. 35 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） American firms human resource management strategies affect their competitive capacity. （ B） Human resou
33、rce management is a key factor in a firms survival. （ C） The cost of work training in America is higher than that in Japan and Germany. （ D） American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management. 35 When we think of Hollywood a term I use loosely to describe Americ
34、an movie production in general, not simply films made in Los Angeles we think of films aimed at amusing audiences and making money for producers. During the early years of the new century, as workers won their demands for higher wages and a shorter working week, leisure assumed an increasingly impor
35、tant role in everyday life. Amusement parks, professional baseball games, nickelodeons, and dance halls attracted a wide array of men and women anxious to spend their hard earned dollars in the pursuit of fun and relaxation. Yet of all these new cultural endeavors, films were the most important and
36、widely attended source of amusement. For a mere five or ten cents, even the poorest worker could afford to take himself and his family to the local nickelodeon or storefront theatre. Taking root in urban working-class and immigrant neighborhoods, cinemas soon spread to middle-class districts of citi
37、es and into small communities throughout the nation. “Every little town that has never been able to afford and maintain an opera house,“ observed one journalist in 1908, “ now boasts one or two Bijou Dreams. “ By 1910, the appeal of film was so great that nearly one-third of the nation flocked to th
38、e cinema each week; ten years later, weekly attendance equaled 50 percent of the nations population. Early films were primarily aimed at entertaining audiences, but entertainment did not always come in the form of escapist fantasies. Many of the issues that dominated progressive era polities were al
39、so portrayed on the serene. “Between 1990 and 1917,“ observes Kevin Brownlow: “literally thousands of films dealt with the most pressing problems of the day white slavery, political corruptions, gangsterism, loansharking, slum landlords, capital vs. labor, racial prejudice, etc. “ While most of thes
40、e films were produced by studios and independent companies, a significant number were made by what we might call today “special interest groups“. As films quickly emerged as the nations most popular form of mass entertainment, they attracted the attention of a wide range organizations that recognize
41、d the mediums enormous potential for disseminating propaganda to millions of viewers. 36 We can almost be sure that a “nickelodeon“ is_. （ A） a luxurious theatre （ B） an opera house （ C） a simple cinema （ D） a cheap film 37 “Bijou Dreams“ in the 2nd paragraph probably refers to_. （ A） cinemas （ B） d
42、ance halls （ C） theatres （ D） amusement parks 38 From the context, “medium“ is used in the last sentence refers to_. （ A） studios and companies （ B） mass entertainment （ C） films （ D） the pursuit of fan and relaxation 39 The passage is about_. （ A） Hollywood and films （ B） the history and function o
43、f film （ C） American movie production （ D） the development of film production 40 It can be concluded from the last paragraph that_. （ A） films quickly became a very form of entertainment and are welcomed by people of all classes （ B） many of the social and political problems were reflected on the sc
44、reen of the films （ C） film often dealt with the most important problems of the day （ D） because of the large attendance, films had a great influence on a large number of people 40 Shes cute, no question. Symmetrical features, flawless skin, looks to be 22 years old entering any meat-market bar, a w
45、oman lucky enough to have this face would turn enough heads to stir a breeze. But when Victor Johnston points and clicks, the face on his computer screen changes into a state of superheated, crystallized beauty. “You can see it. Its just so extraordinary,“ says Johnston, a professor of biopsychology
46、 at New Mexico State University who sounds a little in love with his creation. The transformation from pretty woman to knee-weakening babe is all the more amazing because the changes wrought by Johnstons software are, objectively speaking, quite subtle. He created the original face by digitally aver
47、aging 16 randomly selected female Caucasian faces. The changing program then exaggerated the ways in which female faces differ from male faces, creating, in human-beauty-science field, a “hyper-female“. The eyes grew a bit larger, the nose narrowed slightly and the lips plumped. These are shifts of
48、just a few millimeters, but experiments in this country and Scotland are suggesting that both males and females find “feminized“ versions of averaged faces more beautiful. Johnston hatched this little movie as part of his ongoing study into why human beings find some people attractive and others hom
49、ely. He may not have any rock-solid answers yet, but he is far from alone in attempting to apply scientific inquiry to so ambiguous a subject. Around the world, researchers are marching into territory formerly staked out by poets and painters to uncover the under-pinnings of human attractiveness. The research results so far are surprising and humbling. Numerous studies ind
