1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 145及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 假设你是李芳，给好朋友 Lily写一封信。内容如下： 1. 邀请她五一放假其间来北京游玩 2. 简单介绍北京的名胜古迹 3. 希望对方回信交流意见 A Letter to a Frien 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly
2、and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2
3、 The Geodesic Dome (圆顶层 ) the House of the Future? R. Buckminster Fuller spent much of the early 20 th century looking for ways to improve human shelter by applying modern technological know-how to shelter construction, making shelter more comfortable and efficient, and more economically available t
4、o a greater number of people. After acquiring some experience in the building industry and discovering the traditional practices and perceptions which severely limit changes and improvements in construction practices, Fuller carefully examined and improved interior structure equipment, including the
5、 toilet, the shower, and the bathroom as a whole. He studied structure shells, and devised a number of alternatives, each less expensive, lighter, and stronger than traditional wood, brick, and stone buildings. In 1944, the United States suffered a serious housing shortage. Government officials knew
6、 that Fuller had developed a prototype of family dwelling which could be produced rapidly, using the same equipment which had previously built war-time airplanes. They could be “installed“ anywhere, the way a telephone is installed, and with little additional difficulty. When one official flew to Wi
7、chita, Kansas to see this house, which Beech Aircraft and Fuller built, the man reportedly gasped, “My God! This is the house of the future!“ Soon, unsolicited checks poured in from people who wanted to purchase this new kind of house, but Fuller was never able to get it into full production. This w
8、as due to many obstacles such as only union contractors were able to hook the houses up to water, power and sewers in many cities. However, because the houses were already wired and had the plumbing installed by the aircraft company, many construction trade unions made it clear that they would not w
9、ork on the houses. There were also in-house differences between Fuller and the stockholders. Fuller did not feel the house design was complete; there were problems he wanted to fix. But the stockholders wanted to move ahead. However, the main obstruction was obtaining the financing for the tooling c
10、osts, which were purposefully not included in the negotiations with investors. No bank would finance the project with union problems and stockholder battles. After the war, Fullers efforts focused on the problem of how to build a shelter which is so lightweight that it can be delivered by air. Shelt
11、er should be mobile which would require great breakthroughs in the weight-reduction of the materials. Technology would have to follow natures design as seen by the spiders web which can float in a hurricane because of its high strength-to-weight ratio. New shelter would have to be designed that assi
12、milates these principles and that was Fullers intent. One of the ways Buckminster Fuller would describe the differences in strength between a rectangle and a triangle would be apply pressure to both structures. The rectangle would fold up and be unstable but the triangle withstands the pressure and
13、is much more rigid in fact the triangle is twice as strong. This principle directed his studies toward creating a new architectural design, the geodesic dome, based also upon his idea of “doing more with less“. Fuller discovered that if a spherical structure was created from triangles, it would have
14、 incomparable strength. The sphere uses the “doing more with less“ principle in that it encloses the largest volume of interior space with the least amount of surface area thus saving on materials and cost. Fuller reintroduced the idea that when the spheres diameter is doubled it will quadruple its
15、square footage and produce eight times the volume. The spherical (球形的 ) structure of a dome is one of the most efficient interior atmospheres for human dwellings because air and energy are allowed to circulate without obstruction. This enables heating and cooling to occur naturally. Geodesic shelter
16、s have been built all around the world in different climates and temperatures and still they have proven to be the most efficient human shelter one can find. More specifically, the dome is energy efficient for many reasons: Its decreased surface area requires less building materials; exposure to col
17、d in the winter and heat in the summer is decreased because, being spherical, there is the least surface area per unity of volume per structure; the curved-in interior creates a natural airflow that allows the hot or cool air to flow evenly throughout the dome with the help of return air ducts; extr
18、eme wind turbulence is lessened because the winds that contribute to heat loss flow smoothly around the dome; it acts like a type of giant down-pointing headlight reflector and reflects and concentrates interior heat. This helps prevent radiant heat loss. The net annual energy savings for a dome own
19、er is 30% more than normal rectilinear (直线的 ) homes according to the Oregon Dome Co. This is quite an improvement and helps save the environment from wasted energy. Domes have been designed by Fuller and others to withstand high winds and extreme temperatures as seen in the Polar Regions. Many dome
20、manufacturers offer various designs in geodesic dome housing with little assembly time required. Some houses can be assembled in less than a day with others taking up to six months. Many also come in dome kits that buyers can build themselves or with the help of friends. R. Buckminster Fullers first
21、 worldwide acceptance by the architectural community occurred with the 1954 Triennale where his cardboard dome was displayed for the first time. The Milan Triennale was established to stage international exhibitions aimed to present the most innovative accomplishments in the fields of design, crafts
22、, architecture and city planning. The theme for 1954 was Life between Artifact and Nature: Design and the Environmental Challenge, which fit in perfectly with Fullers work. Fuller had begun efforts towards the development of a Comprehensive Anticipatory Design Science, which he defined as, “the effe
23、ctive application of the principles of science to the conscious design of our total environment in order to help make the Earths limited resources meet the needs of all humanity without disrupting the ecological processes of the planet.“ The cardboard shelter that was part of his exhibit could be ea
24、sily shipped and assembled with the directions printed right on the cardboard. The 42-foot paper board Geodesic was installed in old Sforza garden in Milan and came away with the highest award, the Grand Premio. (1,036 words) 2 A geodesic dome is basically a spherical structure created from rectangl
25、es. 3 Every year, a dome owner may spend 30% less in energy expenditure than a normal rectilinear home one. 4 Domes are the environment-friendly building. 5 Some scientists set up domes in the Polar Regions. 6 In 1944, government officials were interested in Fullers family dwelling because it could
26、be _ . 7 Fullers family dwelling was not fully produced mainly because there were _ . 8 According to the description of Buckminster Fuller, the main advantage of a triangle in strength was _ . 9 Besides the feature of “doing more with less“, the spherical structure of dome can also allow natural _ w
27、ithout obstruction. 10 It has been proved that the geodesic dome is _ human shelter. 11 Fuller won _ in 1954 for his achievement in the 42-foot cardboard shelter. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one
28、 or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He doesnt want to lend h
29、is sleeping bag to Fred. （ B） Fred should borrow the sleeping bag from somebody else. （ C） Fred has successfully borrowed a sleeping bag. （ D） Fred has bought a sleeping bag at the gym. （ A） He liked to drink two cups of coffee before the professors class. （ B） One cup of coffee is enough for him to
30、 keep awake in the class. （ C） The professors class is very interesting. （ D） The professors class is very boring. （ A） She hasnt seen her sister for years. （ B） She has no time to enjoy the scene of the mountain. （ C） She is eager to go back to Colorado for the scene. （ D） She is so busy that she h
31、as no time to climb the mountain. （ A） He will take part in the party. （ B） He will continue to study in the bedroom. （ C） He will continue to study in the dinning room. （ D） He will go to have dinner in stead of studying. （ A） She should phone the post office for her request in the morning. （ B） Sh
32、e can hire a mail carrier to help her. （ C） The post office doesnt offer this kind of service. （ D） The post office will send the package to her in any case. （ A） He can go to the gym to have a bath. （ B） He can turn to the gym to have the water pipe repaired. （ C） He can go to the gym to consult th
33、e experts. （ D） He should buy a new pipe from the gyms. （ A） She can come back for registration a week later. （ B） She can come back to see if there is a chance after the first week. （ C） She has to wait another time for registration. （ D） She should give up the class. （ A） He cant do anything about
34、 it. （ B） The temperature is just suitable for him. （ C） He will ask the maintenance for help. （ D） The woman should bring more clothes. （ A） She is writing a competitive paper for a scholarship. （ B） She is doing a paper. （ C） She missed the lecture. （ D） She is planning to attend the scholarship a
35、ward ceremony. （ A） Why species dont avoid extinction by adapting. （ B） Why species become extinct at the rate they do. （ C） Why humans arent extinct. （ D） How many species arent extinct. （ A） Because every species becomes extinct. （ B） Because humans beings are powerful enough to kill other species
36、. （ C） Because of over-population. （ D） Because human being is still a young species though it is exptoiting the environment. （ A） They are looking for an apartment to live in. （ B） They are discussing living places and childrens education. （ C） They are complaining about their children. （ D） They a
37、re planning for the next weekend. （ A） Theres much to do besides work and study. （ B） Its convenient for people to go anywhere. （ C） The natural environment is beneficial to children. （ D） The countryside is a perfect place for weekends. （ A） The children are too young to benefit from city life. （ B
38、） Even adults themselves cannot go everywhere in the city. （ C） There is a lot to see and do for children and adults. （ D） There isnt a lot to see and do for children. （ A） She is a full-time housewife. （ B） She does not care for her children. （ C） She used to live in the suburbs in her childhood. （
39、 D） She will go to a museum next weekend. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the
40、four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The World War II. （ B） The World War I. （ C） The American Revolution. （ D） The Industrial Revolution of Britain. （ A） The telescope. （ B） The harmonica. （ C） The piano. （ D） The light bulb. （ A） To bring electricity into his house for lighting. （ B） To have fu
41、n. （ C） To attract thunder. （ D） To conduct a scientific experiment. （ A） Because their wives provide necessities and luxuries. （ B） Because they can spend more money in doing so. （ C） Because they can enjoy more freedom. （ D） Because their wives can earn money to support the family and be interesti
42、ng. （ A） The wifes bad cooking. （ B） The wifes independence. （ C） The wifes working condition. （ D） The wifes paycheck. （ A） When the children grow up. （ B） When the family life is getting better. （ C） When the man is angry because his wife is not his servant. （ D） When the wife brings in more money
43、. （ A） A study of the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation. （ B） One of the essentials for life. （ C） Latest figures of people who dont eat breakfast. （ D） Breakfast and human health. （ A） Anyone without breakfast does in, prove his performance. （ B） Not giving people breakfast improves lfis pe
44、rformance. （ C） People having breakfast do improve their performance. （ D） Having breakfast does not improve performance, either. （ A） Not eating breakfast might affect the health of children. （ B） Breakfast does not affect performance. （ C） Professor Bendor once taught college courses in nutrition
45、in London. （ D） The number of people who dont eat breakfast has increased. （ A） Several studies have been done in the past few years. （ B） Not eating breakfast does no harm to the adults health. （ C） Adults have especially made studies in this field. （ D） Eating little in the morning may be good for
46、 health. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exa
47、ct words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 In most cases, the doctor is unable to avoid some degree of emotional involvement with th
48、e sick individual who has come to him for help. The physician knows well the usual development of events in a 【 B1】 sickness, but his personal reaction to the death of the patient is a variable thing. It is 【 B2】 by many conditions, such as the 【 B3】 of his relationship with the patient, the age of
49、the person 【 B4】 , and the nature of the final disease. The 【 B5】 is usually not too upset by the 【 B6】 death of a patient who has enjoyed a long, pleasant, and 【 B7】 life, and he may accept calmly the death of a person in a younger age group whos got seriously 【 B8】 However, he is always saddened by the death of a child, or young adult, for any reason. 【 B9】 . When a person under medical treatment dies, the internist can always comfort himself with the idea that 【 B10】 . On the other
