1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 41及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Colleges Ban House Help. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1越来越多 的大学生请钟点工打扫宿舍 2有的人赞同，有的人认为学校应该禁止这种做法 3我的观点 Should Coll
2、eges Ban House Help? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the informa
3、tion given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Depression In bed, you toss and turn, unable to get a good nights sleep. You feel anxious and worried. Theres plenty to do, bu
4、t the work piles up because you feel listless and tired. You dont even want to do anything fun. Friends tell you to “pull yourself together,“ but you feel helpless and hopeless. You have difficulty concentrating and making decisions. When you look in the mirror, you hate yourself. You are definitely
5、 in one of lifes valleysyou are depressed. Everyone gets the blues once in a while. Emotional lows and highs are a normal part of life. The blues become depression when you feel so sleepy and listless that you cant function normally in everyday life. Types of Depression Depression can range from a m
6、ild panic to self-destructive or suicidal behavior. Its important to understand the various types of depression so that you can recognize them. Depression occurs at all ages, although major depressive episodes peak between the ages of 55 and 70 in men and 20 and 45 in women. About half of those who
7、experience an episode of major depression will have another within two years. For some people, episodes of depression are separated by several years, while others suffer groups of episodes over a short time span. Between episodes, such individuals feel well. Major depressive disorder affects approxi
8、mately 14.8 million American adultsor 6.7 percent of the U.S, population aged 18 years and olderin a given year. Major depressive disorder is more common in women than in men. Although treatment can help more than 80 percent of people with severe depression, most people with depression do not seek t
9、reatment. - Reactive depression. This type of depression is a reaction to stressful events-divorce, death of a loved one, a chronic illness, a personal tragedy, or even social isolation, which the elderly frequently experience. The person is unable to recover normally from the feelings associated wi
10、th the event. Common feelings include self-pity, pessimism, and loss of interest in life. It affects people of all ages. - Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). If you live in the northern latitudes and sufferepression during the winter months, you may suffer from seasonal affective disorder caused by
11、a lack of exposure to sunlight. Doctors arent sure exactly what physiological mechanisms arc at work in SAD, but they speculate that depressed feelings and other symptoms may be due to an increase in the release of the hormone meltonin. SAD sufferers feel lethargic and irritable. They may also suffe
12、r from chronic headaches, increased appetite, weight gain, and an increased need for sleep. For unknown reasons, SAD is truly a “womans depression,“ in that women make up 70 percent to 80 percent of those affected. Since about half of all SAD sufferers have relatives who also suffer from SAD or othe
13、r emotional problems, researchers speculate that the problem may be inherited. - Biochemical depression. Doctors arent sure why, but some people develop a biochemically based depression sometime during midlife. Its likely that this type of depression is caused by biochemical problems within the brai
14、n. The problem usually responds well to antidepressant medication. You may be more likely to develop this type of chemical depression if other members of your family have also suffered from this problem. - Disease or drug-related depression. Some diseases such as AIDS, stroke, chronic pain, and hypo
15、thyroidism(甲状腺功能耐减退 ) can cause depression. In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland(甲状腺 ) malfunctions, leading to too little or no thyroid hormone circulating in the bloodstream. In addition to depression, other symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weakness, weight gain, impaired memory, and sh
16、ortness of breath. Fortunately, the depression and other symptoms of hypothyroidism can be effectively treated with adequate doses of thyroid hormone. Certain drugs such as alcohol, tranquilizers(镇定剂 ), and heart and blood pressure medications, as well as withdrawal from some street drugs like cocai
17、ne, can cause drug-related depression. Some women who take birth control pills find the drugs make them irritable, anxious, and depressed And a deficiency in some nutrients has been linked to depression. - Teenage depression. Recognizing depression in children is important. Depression in teenagers m
18、ay appear somewhat different from adult depression. The teenage years are a period of complicated conflicts that lead many young people to develop negative self-esteem, anxieties, and fears about their future. Some young people become overwhelmed by peer pressures and feelings of isolation and power
19、lessness. Social expectations may be unrealistic, and doing poorly in school can lead to a feeling of rejection. The young person may have experienced a lack of support from family and other significant people and a decrease in his or her ability to cope effectively. (As is the case for adults, trea
20、tment for depression in teenagers may involve a combination of therapies.) Causes of Depression Depression may be related to many factors, including a family history of depression, medical illnesses, alcohol, drugs, gender, and age. Additionally, an individuals self-confidence, personality traitssuc
21、h as dependency on others or perfectionismand unrealistic expectations may lead to depression. Stressful events, such as death of a spouse or loss of a job, also contribute to depression. Many people with major depression also suffer from intense anxiety. - Theories of Depression There are many theo
22、ries about the causes of depression. The social learning theory suggests that lack of positive reinforcement from others may lead to negative self-evaluation and a poor outlook for the future. The psychoanalytic theory suggests that a significant loss (such as of a parent) or a withdrawal of affecti
23、on in childhood (whether real or perceived) may lead to depression in later life. Interpersonal theory emphasizes the importance of social connections for good mental health. Other theories suggest that unrealistic expectations of oneself and others and loss of self-esteem are essential components l
24、eading to depression. Some individuals may be biologically predisposed to depression; in other words, they may have been born with a tendency to develop depression. Researchers continue to investigate chemical reactions in the body that are controlled by these genes. Depression often runs in familie
25、s. For example, if one identical twin suffers from depression, the other twin has a 70 percent chance of also having the illness. - Environmental Influences Researchers view depression as the result of interaction between environmental and biological factors. Depression can be endogenous(internally
26、caused) or exogenous (related to outside events). Major changes in ones environment, such as a move or job change, or any major loss, such as a divorce or death of a loved one, can bring on depression. Feeling depressed in response to these changes is normal, but when it becomes a severe long-term c
27、ondition (longer than one month) and interferes with effective functioning, it requires treatment. Some environmental factors relating to depression include being unemployed, poor, elderly, or alone. Depression changes ones way of looking at ordinary life circumstances. A depressed person tends to e
28、xaggerate negative aspects, which leads to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and being overwhelmed. Symptoms of Depression How do you recognize symptoms of depression in yourself and others? People who suffer from depression have a number of symptoms nearly every day, all day, for at least two
29、 weeks. Depressed people have feelings of extreme sadness, hopelessness, despair, low self-worth, and helplessness. For some people, depression is marked by anxiety, withdrawal from others, loss of sleep or excessive need for sleep, constant fatigue, loss of appetite or compulsive eating, loss of se
30、xual desire, either lethargy or agitation, an inability to concentrate and make decisions, and possibly exaggerated feelings of guilt. Many depressed individuals have mental and physical symptoms that seem endless and do not get better with happy events or good news. Some depressed people are so dis
31、abled by their condition that they dont have enough energy to call a friend, relative, or medical professional for help. If another person calls for them, these people may refuse to go because they have no hope that they can be helped. However, family and friends should keep trying to get the depres
32、sed person to seek help, because up to 15 percent of those who suffer from severe clinical depression commit suicide. 2 Major depressive episodes happen to women earlier than men. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 People who suffer from groups of depressive episodes feel bad all the time. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） N
33、G 4 A large percentage of severe depression can be relieved or treated but in reality, most of them are not seriously taken. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 People who suffer from the reactive depression are very possibly unable to lead a normal life. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Doctors assume that Seasonal Aff
34、ective Disorder might occur when there is a higher degree of released _. 7 Some middle-aged people tend to suffer from Biochemical depression which might result from _ within the brain. 8 Just like fatigue and weakness, depression is one symptom of _. 9 Treatment for depression in teenagers as well
35、as adults requires _. 10 According to interpersonal theory of depression, people might be mentally ill without enough_. 11 A depressed person might feel hopeless, helpless and overwhelmed if he is inclined to _ of life. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2
36、 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decid
37、e which is the best answer. （ A） Telephone registration is much easier. （ B） Nothing can help registration difficulties. （ C） Telephone registration may give him a lot of trouble. （ D） Telephone registration is not as bad as what people think. （ A） She has no problems at all. （ B） She hasnt had any
38、major problems. （ C） She would rather not discuss her problem now. （ D） Its hard for her to explain her problems in words. （ A） Hes quit the band for academic reasons. （ B） He didnt enjoy being a member of the band. （ C） Hes getting academic credit for being in the band. （ D） Hes taking time off fro
39、m his studies to join the band. （ A） He might help the woman much. （ B） The woman shouldnt buy a used car. （ C） He doesnt know a lot about new cars. （ D） The woman is a better mechanic than he is. （ A） Hes eager to start his new job. （ B） His job starts early next week. （ C） He believes the job inte
40、rview went well. （ D） His professor was mistaken about the job. （ A） The man should do without buying a new bicycle. （ B） Shell glad to help the man decide which bicycle to buy. （ C） The man should not be so particular about choosing a bicycle. （ D） Shes quite concerned about the mans means of trans
41、portation. （ A） The department may be thinking of refusing the woman. （ B） The extra procedures are well worth it when applying for student loans. （ C） The department is too strict to approve of the womans loan application. （ D） The department is always strict and their requirements are nothing pers
42、onal. （ A） Only hold one party. （ B） Keep the party small. （ C） Keep the party a secret. （ D） Arrange the party only by they two. （ A） She had moved out of the old address. （ B） She ignored it. （ C） The library didnt try to inform her about it. （ D） The landlord refused to give the books back to her
43、. （ A） She was too busy to remember if she had returned them. （ B） She didnt return them in fact. （ C） She gave them to the landlord to return. （ D） She did return them but somehow the library made a mistake. （ A） Pay for the lost books. （ B） Reconfirm with the library that the books were returned.
44、（ C） Check to see if the books are still at her home. （ D） Check to see if the books are at Henzers place. （ A） He keeps forgetting the important things he has to do. （ B） He has great difficulty remembering Korean words. （ C） He cant find the most helpful Korean dictionary. （ D） His pronunciation o
45、f Korean words confuses others. （ A） His poor memory. （ B） His fatigue. （ C） His lack of diligence. （ D） His method. （ A） Because theyre quite impressive with a strong effect. （ B） Because they are not so frustrating as other expressions. （ C） Because they are practiced and repeated once and again.
46、（ D） Because they are most peoples favorite words. （ A） Try to retain as many new words as possible. （ B） Practice words at appropriate intervals. （ C） Learn difficult words with the highest frequencies. （ D） Make complicated words simply through repetition. Section B Directions: In this section, yo
47、u will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） To explain why Wright became an architect.
48、（ B） To describe the positive aspects of Wrights architecture. （ C） To explain why Wrights style of architecture became less popular. （ D） To describe the materials Wright used in construction. （ A） He helped construct a chapel. （ B） He took over his familys business. （ C） He trained under Guggenhei
49、m. （ D） He worked on a project overseas. （ A） They characterize stages in Wrights career. （ B） Wright died while they were being constructed. （ C） They were Wrights earliest buildings. （ D） They are examples of Wrights classical styles. （ A） How animals react to frightening situations. （ B） Why mice are particularly fearful animals. （ C） Whether fearfulness is a genetic trait. （ D） Why certain animals are feared by humans. （ A） They fought with the other mice. （ B） They stay
