1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 424及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Interest-oriented or Health-oriented Sports. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 一些学生认为运动要以兴趣为中心 2. 另一些学生认为
2、运动要以健康为中心 3. 你的看法 Interest-oriented Or Health-oriented Sports 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES)
3、 if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Science of Lasting Happiness The day I meet Sonja Lyubomirsky, she keeps getting
4、calls from her Toyota, Prius dealer. When she finally picks up, she is excited by the news： she can buy the car she wants in two days. Lyubomirsky wonders if her enthusiasm might come across as materialism, but I understand that she is buying an experience as much as a possession. Two weeks later, i
5、n late January, the 40-year-old Lyubomirsky, who smiles often and seems to approach life with zest and good humor, reports that she is “totally loving the Prius“. But will the feeling wear off soon after the new-car smell, or will it last, making a naturally happy person even more so? The Possibilit
6、y of Lasting Happiness An experimental psychologist investigating the possibility of lasting happiness, Lyubomirsky understands far better than most of us the folly of pinning our hopes on a new car-or on any good fortune that comes our way. We tend to adapt, quickly returning to our usual level of
7、happiness. The classic example of such “hedonic adaptatiou“ (享乐适应 )comes from a 1970s study of lottery winners, who ended up no happier than nonwinners a year. after their windfall (意外横财 ). Hedonic adaptation helps to explain why even changes in major life circumstances-such as income, marriage, phy
8、sical health and where we live-do so little to boost our overall happiness. Not only that, but studies of twins and adoptees have shown that about 50 percent of each persons happiness is determined from birth. This “genetic set point“ alone makes the happiness glass look half empty, because any upwa
9、rd swing in happiness seems doomed to fall back to near your baseline. “Theres been a tension in the field, “explains Lyubomirskys main collaborator, psychologist Kennon M. Sheldon of the University of Missouri-Columbia. “Some people were assuming you can affect happiness if, for example, you picked
10、 the right goals, but there was all this literature that suggested it was impossible, that what goes up must come down.“ The Happiness Pie Lyubomirsky, Sheldon and another psychologist, David A. Schkade of the University of California, San Diego, put the existing findings together into a simple pie
11、chart showing what determines happiness. Half the pie is the genetic set point. The smallest slice is circumstances, which explain only about 10 percent of peoples differences in happiness. So what is the remaining 40 percent? “Because nobody had put it together before, thats unexplained,“ Lyubomirs
12、ky says. But she believes that when you take away genes and circumstances, what is left besides error must be “intentional activity“, mental and behavioral strategies to counteract adaptations downward pull. Lyubomirsky has been studying these activities in hopes of finding out whether and how peopl
13、e can stay above their set point. In theory, that is possible in much the same way regular diet and exercise can keep athletes weight below their genetic set points. But before Lyubomirsky began, there was “a huge vacuum of research on how to increase happiness“, she says. The lottery study in parti
14、cular “made people shy away from interventions“, explains eminent University of Pennsylvania psychologist Martin E. P. Seligman, the father of positive psychology and a mentor to Lyubomirsky. When science had scrutinized (细察 ) happiness at all, it was mainly through correlational studies, which cann
15、ot tell what came first-the happiness or what it is linked to-let alone determine the cause and effect. Finding out that individuals with strong social ties are more satisfied with their lives than loners, for example, begs the question of whether friends make us happier or whether happy people are
16、simply like lier to seek and attract friends. Lyubemirskys Research Lyubomirsky began studying happiness as a graduate student in 1989 after an intriguing conversation with her adviser, Stanford University psychologist Lee D. Ross, who told her about a remarkably happy friend who had lost both paren
17、ts to the Holocaust(大屠杀 ). Ross explains it this way, “For this person, the meaning of the Holocaust was that it was inappropriate to be unhappy about trivial things-and that one should strive to find joy in life and human relationships.“ Psychologists have long known that different people can see a
18、nd think about the same events in different ways, but they had done little research on how these interpretations affect well-being. So Lyubomirsky had to lay some groundwork before she could go into the lab. Back then, happiness was “a fuzzy, unscientific topic“, she says, and although no instrument
19、 yet exists for giving perfectly valid, reliable and precise readings of someones happiness from session to session, Lyubomirsky has brought scientific strictness to the emerging field. From her firm belief that it is each persons self-reported happiness that matters, she developed a four-question S
20、ubjective Happiness Scale. Lyubomirskys working definition of happiness-“a joyful, contented life“-gets at both the feelings and judgments necessary for overall happiness. To this day, she rarely sees her studies participants; they do most exercises out in the real world and answer detailed question
21、naires on the computer, often from home. To assess subjects efforts and honesty, she uses several crosschecks, such as timing them as they complete the questionnaires. The research needed to answer questions about lasting happiness is costly, because studies need to follow a sizable group of people
22、over a long time. Two and a half years ago Lyubomirsky and Sheldon received a five-year, $1million grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to do just that. Investigators have no shortage of possible strategies to test, with happiness advice coming “from the Buddha to Tony Robbins“, as Sel
23、igman puts it. So Lyubomirsky started with three promising strategies: kindness, gratitude and optimism-all of which past research had linked with happiness. Her aim is not merely to confirm the strategies effectiveness but to gain insights into how happiness works. For example, conventional wisdom
24、suggests keeping a daily gratitude journal. But one study revealed that those who had been assigned to do that ended up less happy than those who had to count their blessings only once a week. Lyubomirsky therefore confirmed her hunch (预感 )that timing is important. So is variety, it turned out: a ki
25、ndness intervention found that participants told to vary their good deeds ended up happier than those forced into a kindness rut. Lyubomirsky is also asking about mediators: Why, for example, does acting kind make you happier? “Im a basic researcher, not an applied researcher, so Im interested not s
26、o much in the strategies but in how they work and what goes on behind the scenes,“ she explains. Initial results with the interventions have been promising, but sustaining them is tough. Months after a study is over, the people who have stopped the exercises show a drop in happiness. Like a drug or
27、a diet, the exercises work only if you stick with them. Instilling habits is crucial. Another key: “fit“, or how well the exercise matches the person. If sitting down to imagine your best possible self (an optimism exercise) feels contrived, you will be less likely to do it. The biggest factor may b
28、e getting over the idea that happiness is fixed-and realizing that sustained effort can boost it. “A lot of people dont apply the notion of effort to their emotional lives,“ Lyubomirsky declares, “but the effort it takes is enormous.“ 2 Sonja Lyubomirsky bought the car just because she wanted to own
29、 a Prius. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Hedonic adaptation means people always return to their usual level of happiness after the temporary satisfaction. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Those people who have set up correct goals will always be happy. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 In the happiness pie chart, error facto
30、rs account for 10 percent. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Before Lyubomirsky carried out her own research, scientists investigated happiness mainly through 7 Because little research had been done on the explanation of happiness, before going into the lab, Lyubomir-sky had done some _. 8 Lyubomirsky designe
31、d a Subjective Happiness Scale because she believed it was each persons _ that can faithfully record their own happiness. 9 A large sum of money must be spent on Lyubomirskys research because it needs to trace a lot of people _. 10 The example of keeping a daily gratitude journal shows that _ is ver
32、y important. 11 Exercises in gratitude, kindness and optimism can make people happier-but only if they keep doing them and these exercises _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions wi
33、ll be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Be hostile to Nancy. （ B） Ask Nancy to come o
34、ut. （ C） Talk to Nancy herself. （ D） Write Nancy a letter. （ A） The man can have his pants at the end of the day. （ B） Cleaning the pants will take longer than usual. （ C） She doesnt think the stain can be removed. （ D） The man should go to a different location. （ A） The man should start running dai
35、ly. （ B） She also prefers to exercise in the afternoon. （ C） Its important to warm up before exercising. （ D） The man should continue his exercise program. （ A） Everyone enjoyed himself at Johns parties. （ B） The woman didnt enjoy Johns parties at all. （ C） It will be the first time for the man to a
36、ttend Johns party. （ D） The woman is glad to be invited to Johns house-warming party. （ A） They should wait patiently. （ B） They should ask that man to leave. （ C） They should serve that man immediately. （ D） That man is old enough to order things he likes. （ A） The professor postponed the exam and
37、will inform everyone later. （ B） The professor phoned him about the postponing of the exam. （ C） The professor canceled the exam. （ D） The professor put off the exam. （ A） The location of the session has been changed. （ B） She will definitely go to the session this evening. （ C） Shell probably be to
38、o tired to walk to the session. （ D） The session might be canceled because of a heavy snow. （ A） He thinks it is difficult to get fuel for the car. （ B） He can manage to get the gasoline they need. （ C） He doesnt think it necessary to refuel the car. （ D） He hopes the woman will help him select a fu
39、el. （ A） A popular television program. （ B） A breakthrough in technology. （ C） A recent purchase. （ D） A new electronics store. （ A） Know what television is best for him. （ B） Ask for a cheaper price on the television. （ C） Change a store to buy a different television. （ D） Be satisfied with what he
40、 has. （ A） Watch less television. （ B） Return the television to the store. （ C） Pay for the television. （ D） Show the woman how to use the television. （ A） To go to see and talk to a friend. （ B） To go to cash his travelers checks. （ C） To go to the bank and repair the computer. （ D） To go to the ba
41、nk and save some money, （ A） He is from Germany. （ B） He is from Europe. （ C） He is from Britain. （ D） He is from America. （ A） Traveling around the world. （ B） Having a rest after a days work. （ C） Going on business trip. （ D） Working in their company. （ A） About the places where to buy beautiful c
42、lothes. （ B） About the places where to have great food. （ C） About the places where to buy bus system. （ D） About the places where to find expensive restaurants. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the
43、passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Eliminating the original vegetation from the building site. （ B） Marking the houses in an area similar to one another. （ C） Deciding where a
44、 house will be built. （ D） Surrounding a building with wild flowers and plants. （ A） They are changed to make the site more interesting. （ B） They are expanded to limit the amount of construction. （ C） They are integrated into the design of the building. （ D） They are removed for construction. （ A）
45、Because many architects studied with Wright. （ B） Because Wright started the practice of “land-scraping“. （ C） Because Wright used elements of envelope building. （ D） Because most of the houses Wright built were made of stone, （ A） Because they want to earn high salary. （ B） Because schools do not t
46、each students how to choose jobs. （ C） Because there has been severe competition in the job market. （ D） Because they have no working experience. （ A） The job must not ruin your talents. （ B） The job must be able to shape your personality. （ C） The job must set a pattern of life. （ D） The job must s
47、uit your interest. （ A） Earning a Living （ B） Correct Attitude on Job-hunting （ C） How to Choose a Job? （ D） What Can a Good Job Offer? （ A） Training given to music therapists. （ B） How music prevents disease. （ C） Studies on the benefits of music. （ D） How musicians create music. （ A） To replace ph
48、ysical therapy. （ B） To control brain seizures. （ C） To prevent heart disease. （ D） To relieve tension. （ A） Music they like can relieve depression but distract attention. （ B） Music they like can reduce stress and improve concentration. （ C） Classical music and rock-and-roll increase their heart ra
49、te and expand the breathing. （ D） Wearing headphones can help concentrate when they are performing operations. （ A） It increased the students white blood cell count. （ B） It increased some students energy level. （ C） It improved the students ability to play musical instruments. （ D） It released a natural painkiller in some students bodies. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully
