1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 238及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “In every end, there is also a beginning.“ You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to keep on making pr
2、ogress. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） At the end of March. （ B） In the middle of April. （ C） At the beginning of May. （ D） At the end of May. （ A） She wants to book some plane tickets. （ B） Her assistant needs to buy some books for them. （ C） She need
3、s to find a good hotel for the delegation. （ D） Her assistant needs to arrange the accommodation. （ A） He received a call from the delegation. （ B） He discussed with the Poland delegation. （ C） He knew it through the contract they signed. （ D） He received an E-mail this morning and knew it （ A） A to
4、ur around the city. （ B） A cruise along the river. （ C） A visit around the campus. （ D） Discussion and some seminars. （ A） She found she wasnt registered in Chemistry 302A. （ B） She found she was registered in Chemistry 302B. （ C） She was unsure which class she had registered. （ D） She wasnt registe
5、red in Chemistry 302B. （ A） Chemistry 302A, Dr. Smiths Class. （ B） Chemistry 302A, Dr. Nelsons Class. （ C） Chemistry 302B, Dr. Smiths Class. （ D） Chemistry 302B, Dr. Nelsons Class. （ A） Show the add/drop form to Professor Smith. （ B） Go on attending Professor Smiths class. （ C） Come to the registrat
6、ion office with the form. （ D） Sort out the problem all by herself. （ A） She is worried she cant attend the course. （ B） She is worried she has to change professor. （ C） She is worried she might not be able to graduate. （ D） She is worried she might fall behind in the course. Section B （ A） 30. （ B）
7、 42. （ C） 62. （ D） 80 （ A） Potential of human endurance. （ B） Superpower of magicians. （ C） Communication with supernatural forces. （ D） Street magic. （ A） He took advantage of his large circle of friends. （ B） He attempted all sorts of adventures worldwide. （ C） He combined fantastic magic with suc
8、cessful publicity. （ D） He never made any mistake in his performances. （ A） All were concerned about boxes. （ B） All were demonstrated with celebrity. （ C） All were demonstrated longer than a week. （ D） All were live telecast. （ A） A real book. （ B） A computer file. （ C） A handheld device. （ D） A pi
9、ece of paper. （ A） Government may stop it as abnormal competition. （ B） Writers wont always be happy to gain exposure. （ C） The websites do not make profits in this way. （ D） Some people may misuse the websites. （ A） Theyre still searching for effective ways blindly. （ B） Theyre at a loss how to mak
10、e e-books small enough. （ C） Theyve lowered the price of e-books greatly. （ D） Theyve progressed much in making e-books like real ones. Section C （ A） It is a typical 26-mile marathon. （ B） It is longer than a typical one. （ C） It is a tough one on icy roads. （ D） It was initiated by Scott Jurek. （
11、A） He won prizes in many racing competitions. （ B） He enjoyed outdoor activities in the snow. （ C） He grew up hunting and fishing. （ D） He used to like running in fields. （ A） Its great but not healthy for body. （ B） It has helped him reach his extremity. （ C） Its beyond most racers endurance. （ D）
12、Its an exploration of body and spirit. （ A） He caused a fire on a plane by smoking. （ B） His flight home was hijacked by terrorists. （ C） He experienced an accident at 3,000 ft. high. （ D） His fear of height happened at high altitude. （ A） He should no longer put off anything in life. （ B） He should
13、 celebrate his survival with his friends. （ C） He should eliminate negative energy from his life. （ D） He should keep a good relationship with his wife. （ A） He felt it was cooler than whats in a movie. （ B） He felt very excited to think about his kids. （ C） He was frightened very much. （ D） He had
14、a sense of sadness. （ A） Entrance fees for public parks. （ B） Third parties use of public parks. （ C） Costs of maintaining public parks. （ D） Behaviors of dogs in public parks. （ A） It is a real community hub. （ B） It is a rose garden for women. （ C） Its Gods creation for believers. （ D） Its a parad
15、ise for local children. （ A） They charge visitors entrance fees. （ B） They keep the park tidy and welcoming. （ C） They go on patrol in the park to avoid theft. （ D） They organize various activities for visitors. （ A） Lower the price of the parks admission ticket. （ B） Ban all commercial activities h
16、eld in the park. （ C） Build a theatre in the park for local visitors. （ D） Charge money for third parties using parks. Section A 26 Throughout history man has observed such natural cycles as the rising and setting of the sun, the ebb and flow of the ocean tides, and the changes of the seasons. The【
17、C1】 _ nature of these events provided people with a measure of【 C2】 _ about things to come and give them reason to reflect on their past and plan for their future. The regularity of such social activities as work hours, meal times, and holiday schedules【 C3】 _ the extent to which human activity itse
18、lf is organized in cycles. Recently,【 C4】 _ effort has been spent investigating the effect of various biological rhythms in the human body.【 C5】 _ , interest in these rhythms at least in part results from mans basic desire to predict future behavior. The human body【 C6】 _ a number of repeatable rhyt
19、hms: heartbeats, breathing rates, brain waves and other physiological processes within the human machine. Scientists studying rhythms in humans have measured sleep patterns and attention【 C7】 _ over periods of several days, and have【 C8】 _ the fact that the cycles exist and exert effects on physiolo
20、gical and sociological behavior. A common example is jet lag. A persons traveling in the east-west direction across time zones【 C9】 _ his sleep cycles it may take several days to return to the【 C10】_ cycle or to readjust to a new one. A) indicates E) considerable I) Certainly M) security B) demonstr
21、ated F) upsets J) Thankfully N) exhibits C) verifying 6) disappoints K) spans O) limits D) normal H) periodic L) gorgeous 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Depression A In bed, you toss and turn, unable to get a good nights sleep.
22、 You feel anxious and worried. Theres plenty to do, but the work piles up because you feel listless and tired. You dont even want to do anything fun. Friends tell you to “pull yourself together,“ but you feel helpless and hopeless. You have difficulty concentrating and making decisions. When you loo
23、k in the mirror, you hate yourself. You are definitely in one of lifes valleys you are depressed. Everyone gets the blues once in a while. Emotional lows and highs are a normal part of life. The blues become depression when you feel so sleepy and listless that you cant function normally in everyday
24、life. B Depression occurs at all ages, although major depressive episodes peak between the ages of 55 and 70 in men and 20 and 45 in women. About half of those who experience an episode of major depression will have another within two years. For some people, episodes of depression are separated by s
25、everal years, while others suffer groups of episodes over a short time span. Between episodes, such individuals feel well. C Major depressive disorder affects approximately 14.8 million American adults tar 6.7 percent of the U.S. population aged 18 years and older in a given year. Major depressive d
26、isorder is more common in women than in men. Although treatment can help more than 80 percent of people with severe depression, most people with depression do not seek treatment Depression can range from a mild panic to self-destructive or suicidal behavior. Its important to understand the various t
27、ypes of depression so that you can recognize them. D Reactive depression. This type of depression is a reaction to stressful eventsdivorce, death of a loved one, a chronic illness, a personal tragedy, or even social isolation, which the elderly frequently experience. The person is unable to recover
28、normally from the feelings associated with the event Common feelings include self-pity, pessimism, and loss of interest in life. It affects people of all ages. E Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). If you live in the northern latitudes and suffer depression during the winter months, you may suffer fr
29、om seasonal affective disorder caused by a lack of exposure to sunlight. Doctors arent sure exactly what physiological mechanisms are at work in SAD, but they speculate that depressed feelings and other symptoms may be due to an increase in the release of the hormone melatonin. SAD sufferers feel le
30、thargic and irritable. They may also suffer from chronic headaches, increased appetite, weight gain, and an increased need for sleep. For unknown reasons, SAD is truly a “womans depression,“ in that women make up 70 percent to 80 percent of those affected. Since about half of all SAD sufferers have
31、relatives who also suffer from SAD or other emotional problems, researchers speculate that the problem may be inherited F Biochemical depression. Doctors arent sure why, but some people develop a biochemically based depression sometime during midlife. Its likely that this type of depression is cause
32、d by biochemical problems within the brain. The problem usually responds well to antidepressant medication. You may be more likely to develop this type of chemical depression if other members of your family have also suffered from this problem. G Disease or drug-related depression. Some diseases suc
33、h as AIDS, stroke, chronic pain, and hypothyroidism (甲状腺功能减退 ) can cause depression. In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland (甲状腺 ) malfunctions, leading to too little or no thyroid hormone circulating in the bloodstream. In addition to depression, other symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weak
34、ness, weight gain, impaired memory, and shortness of breath. Fortunately, the depression and other symptoms of hypothyroidism can be effectively treated with adequate doses of thyroid hormone. H Certain drugs such as alcohol, tranquilizers (镇定剂 ), and heart and blood pressure medications, as well as
35、 withdrawal from some street drugs like cocaine, can cause drug-related depression. Some women who take birth control pills find the drugs make them irritable, anxious, and depressed. And a deficiency in some nutrients has been linked to depression. I Teenage depression. Recognizing depression in ch
36、ildren is important. Depression in teenagers may appear somewhat different from adult depression. The teenage years are a period of complicated conflicts that lead many young people to develop negative self-esteem, anxieties, and fears about their future. Some young people become overwhelmed by peer
37、 pressures and feelings of isolation and powerlessness. Social expectations may be unrealistic, and doing poorly in school can lead to a feeling of rejection. The young person may have experienced a lack of support from family and other significant people and a decrease in his or her ability to cope
38、 effectively. (As is the case for adults, treatment for depression in teenagers may involve a combination of therapies.) J Depression may be related to many factors, including a family history of depression, medical illnesses, alcohol, drugs, gender, and age. Additionally, an individuals self-confid
39、ence, personality traits such as dependency on others or perfectionism and unrealistic expectations may lead to depression. Stressful events, such as death of a spouse or loss of a job, also contribute to depression. Many people with major depression also suffer from intense anxiety. K There are man
40、y theories about the causes of depression. The social learning theory suggests that lack of positive reinforcement from others may lead to negative self-evaluation and a poor outlook for the future. The psychoanalytic theory suggests that a significant loss (such as of a parent) or a withdrawal of a
41、ffection in childhood (whether real or perceived) may lead to depression in later life. Interpersonal theory emphasizes the importance of social connections for good mental health. Other theories suggest that unrealistic expectations of oneself and others and loss of self-esteem are essential compon
42、ents leading to depression. L Some individuals may be biologically predisposed to depression; in other words, they may have been born with a tendency to develop depression. Researchers continue to investigate chemical reactions in the body that are controlled by these genes. Depression often runs in
43、 families. For example, if one identical twin suffers from depression, the other twin has a 70 percent chance of also having the illness. M Environmental Influences. Researchers view depression as the result of interaction between environmental and biological factors. Depression can be endogenous (i
44、nternally caused) or exogenous (related to outside events). Major changes in ones environment, such as a move or job change, or any major loss, such as a divorce or death of a loved one, can bring on depression. Some environmental factors relating to depression include being unemployed, poor, elderl
45、y, or alone. Depression changes ones way of looking at ordinary life circumstances. A depressed person tends to exaggerate negative aspects, which leads to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and being overwhelmed. N How do you recognize symptoms of depression in yourself and others? People who
46、suffer from depression have a number of symptoms nearly every day, all day, for at least two weeks. Depressed people have feelings of extreme sadness, hopelessness, despair, low self-worth, and helplessness. For some people, depression is marked by anxiety, withdrawal from others, loss of sleep or e
47、xcessive need for sleep, constant fatigue, loss of appetite or compulsive eating, loss of sexual desire, either lethargy or agitation, an inability to concentrate and make decisions, and possibly exaggerated feelings of guilt. O Many depressed individuals have mental and physical symptoms that seem
48、endless and do not get better with happy events or good news. Some depressed people are so disabled by their condition that they dont have enough energy to call a friend, relative, or medical professional for help. If another person calls for them, these people may refuse to go because they have no
49、hope that they can be helped. However, family and friends should keep trying to get the depressed person to seek help, because up to 15 percent of those who suffer from severe clinical depression commit suicide. 37 It is supposed that symptoms like fatigues and depression in winter may be caused by a higher level of melatonin for a lack of sunlight 38 According to interpersonal theory, normal social connections are of great significance to maintain sound mental he
