1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 28及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 to write an essay commenting on the remark “We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope “. You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words bu
2、t no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） The weather is mild compared to the past years. （ B） They are having the coldest winter ever. （ C） The weather will soon get warmer. （ D） The weather may get even colder. （ A） He might attend the wedding. （ B） He may postpone handing in his paper. （ C） He may
3、 not prepare for his exam and essay. （ D） He is too busy with his study to attend the wedding. （ A） The man didnt want the woman to have her hair cut. （ B） The woman didnt follow the mans advice. （ C） The woman is wearing long hair now. （ D） The man didnt care if the woman had her hair cut or not. （
4、 A） She doesnt enjoy going to the beach. （ B） The beach was too crowded to go. （ C） There wasnt enough food for every one at the barbecue. （ D） The barbecue was canceled because of the weather. （ A） Three lessons. （ B） Five lessons. （ C） Twelve lessons. （ D） Fifteen lessons. （ A） He decided not to s
5、ell the piano. （ B） No one has bought the piano yet. （ C） Hes looking for a place to store the piano. （ D） He hasnt been able to find an inexpensive piano yet. （ A） She has red hair. （ B） She has black hair. （ C） Her photo is in the newspaper. （ D） She looks like the missing girl. （ A） The stories p
6、robably werent true. （ B） Tom doesnt usually tell funny stories. （ C） Shes surprised Tom was so serious last night. （ D） She wants to know where Tom heard the stories. （ A） After midnight. （ B） After she goes swimming. （ C） When shes bored. （ D） When she cant concentrate. （ A） He lost his meal ticke
7、ts. （ B） The cafeteria food was awful. （ C） He missed his favorite TV program. （ D） His TV was broken. （ A） He wasted his time. （ B） He didnt understand the womans explanation. （ C） He watched only one program. （ D） He was so bored. （ A） Part of the brain requires more nutrients. （ B） Part of the br
8、ain is not used at all. （ C） It takes shorter to process visual information. （ D） It takes longer to process complex information. （ A） In the neighborhood of the university or near a bus stop. （ B） Near a railway line or close to a park. （ C） Near a bus stop or in the neighborhood of a shopping cent
9、re. （ D） Close to the university or by the side of a supermarket. （ A） A balcony and a dishwasher. （ B） A dishwasher and air-conditioning. （ C） A swimming pool and air-conditioning. （ D） Air-conditioning and a balcony. （ A） Hes not concerned about money. （ B） Hes a bit anxious to find an apartment.
10、（ C） Hes quite experienced in apartment hunting. （ D） Hes working in a university. Section B （ A） Describe the place carefully. （ B） Show him a map of the place. （ C） Tell him the names of the streets. （ D） Refer to recognizable buildings and places. （ A） Los Angeles. （ B） New York. （ C） Kansas. （ D
11、） Iowa. （ A） They usually say “I dont know“ in order to save time. （ B） They may give a tourist a wrong answer so as to be polite. （ C） They consider it impolite to give tourists wrong answers. （ D） They may tell people the directions and distances for fun. （ A） New Yorkers are generally friendly to
12、 visitors. （ B） People have similar understandings of politeness. （ C） Its important for travelers to understand cultural differences. （ D） Its useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly. （ A） To show that too many words are of no use. （ B） To show that the English prefer to make long
13、speeches. （ C） To show that even talk and silence can be culturally different. （ D） To show that people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature. （ A） By accepting different habits. （ B） By recognizing different values. （ C） By sharing different ways of life. （ D） By speaking each others languages.
14、 （ A） Cross-cultural Differences （ B） Multicultural Environment （ C） How to Understand Each Other （ D） How to Build Up a Relationship （ A） He can work wonders on computer. （ B） He is the best technician in the world. （ C） He has done a hard job in a short time. （ D） He has united InteliData with ano
15、ther company. （ A） His blindness. （ B） His long, thin fingers. （ C） His attention on the synthesizer. （ D） His ability not to be interrupted. （ A） Computer technicians are more likely to be gifted. （ B） Ones disadvantages may prove to be advantages. （ C） The disabled can also play an important role
16、in society. （ D） Top computer scientists have unusual abilities to form ideas of computers. Section C 26 People born in the autumn live longer than those born in the spring. And they are less likely to fall【 B1】 _ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist. The scientists at the Max
17、Planck Institute for Demographic Research made such【 B2】_by using census data for more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia. They found that the month of birth【 B3】 _life expectancy over the age of 50. Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occ
18、urring at different times of the year could both【 B4】 _the health of a new-born baby and could influence its life【 B5】 _in older age. “A mother giving birth in spring spends the last【 B6】 _of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat less vitamins than in summer,“ said Gabriele Doblhammer, one of a
19、 team of scientists who carried out the research. “When she stops breast-feeding and starts giving her baby【 B7】 _food, its in the hot weeks of summer when babies【 B8】_infections of the digestive system.“ In Austria, adults born in autumn lived about seven months longer than those born in spring, an
20、d in Denmark outlived by about four months. In the southern hemisphere, the picture was【 B9】 _. Adults born in the Australian autumn lived about 4 months longer than those born in the Australian spring. The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century. “Although nutrition at all
21、 times of the year has improved since then, the【 B10】 _pattern persists,“ Doblhammer said. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 An unidentified wit once said, “Laugh, and the world laughs with you. Snore, and you sleep alone.“ Yet sn
22、oring is far from a laughing matter, as those unfortunates with good hearing, who are rightly【 C1】 _to the sounds of the snoring disorder, will testify. It has been estimated that one of eight Americans snores; this means that there are approximately 21 million people women as well as men who render
23、 an【 C2】_sound when they are asleep. And assuming that each snorer disturbs the sleep of at least one other person, it【 C3】 _follows that there are 21 million unhappy listeners. While a sleeping person breathes, either in or out, several structures in his nose and throat【 C4】 _the snoring. The sound
24、s, coming from the soft palate(腭 )and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory responses to inflowing and outflowing air. When the soft tissues of the mouth and throat come close to the lining of the throat, the vibrations(振动的 )that occur are caused by the position of the tongue.
25、 In short, the noise made by snoring can be【 C5】 _to the noise when breezes flutter a flag on a pole. The【 C6】 _of the vibrations depends on the size,【 C7】_and elasticity of the affected tissues and on the【 C8】 _of the air flow. Although it is usually the process of inhaling or exhaling through the
26、mouth that cause snoring, short snores come from the nose of an open-mouthed sleeper. In all fairness to snorers, however, it should be emphasized that snoring is an【 C9】 _act which stops as the offender is【 C10】 _. A)involuntary I)incur B)density J)compared C)necessarily K)sequence D)unpleasant L)f
27、requency E)force M)speed F)unexpected N)generally G)subjected O)generate H)awakened 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Negotiating Skills Can Be Learned AManagers negotiate continuously, with superiors, subordinates, peers and clie
28、nts. Researchers and practitioners have observed that former organizational structures and behaviors are now giving way to new organizational models in which authority, commands and control along with fixed roles play a lesser, or at least a less definite role. The crucial role of negotiation, meanw
29、hile, is gaining prominence. BGlobalization, market deregulation, and technological changes, along with increasing interdependence and market complexity, have, contributed to increasing the instances when conscious negotiation is preferable to other forms of interaction. Coupled with the increase in
30、 the use of negotiation have been advances in the theory of negotiation and the fast growth in the number of publications on the subject. CGilles Gauthier, full professor at the Institut deconomie appliquee(IEA)at the Hautes Etudes Commerciales(HEC), teaches the course “Managers and Negotiation“ for
31、 students and professionals. No such course existed when he was doing his studies in the 1960s. DGauthier is self-taught in the field and has become a specialist. He believes negotiation is an important component and integral part of management. He found that the only courses offered on the topic in
32、volved collective agreement negotiations. “Not all managers are involved in negotiating such agreements. What most managers do is much broader in scope,“ adds Gauthier. He decided to take a years leave to read up on the topic and investigate what was happening elsewhere. Gauthier found out that few
33、universities offered training in negotiating. ETraining in the field was initially designed for lawyers and tended to promote an adversarial style of engagement. Some schools offered management or conflict resolution courses. For Gauthier, negotiation doesnt necessarily involve a conflict, just a di
34、sagreement. His research motivated him to design the course mentioned above, which has been part of the MBA program at the HEC for two years now. It is also offered in the HECs continuing education program for professionals who want to learn more about these concepts. Strategic limits FFor Gauthier,
35、 negotiation is a process whereby at least two parties have to reach an agreement. Its a way of making a decision where each party has a right of veto. He adds that there are all kinds of negotiations, not just contracts. There are negotiations with other administrative units, even family negotiatio
36、ns. GThe definition of negotiation varies, but Francois Delivres definition seems fairly comprehensive: Negotiation is a process for managing disagreements with a view to achieving contractual satisfaction of needs. Negotiation is a process, that is, a method that consists of a number of steps, a me
37、thod for managing disagreements, because the two parties could not initially agree to satisfy their needs to their mutual satisfaction. It is therefore a desire to achieve contractual satisfaction, because the goal is to establish an agreement specifying the nature of the exchange. All authors agree
38、 that negotiation is a process. HGauthier says that some people always negotiate in exactly the same way, whether theyre at the office or at home, even if the context is different. He says thats a big mistake. Understanding the context and good preparation are vital to the success of any negotiation
39、. Gauthier explains that there is more than one way of negotiating. Hes currently writing a book outlining 1,200 negotiating tactics, which are not necessarily appropriate for all situations or strategies. Tactics differ from strategies. The latter refers to the type of approach one takes to a negot
40、iation generally these fall into two main camps, either a collaborative or a competitive approach. Tactics help achieve a specific strategy. Negotiating models IGauthier advises negotiators to have a strategy from the outset, whether competitive(winner-loser), cooperative(win-win), compromise(win a
41、little win a little), inaction(so as not to lose today), accommodation(lose now to win later)or withdrawal(negotiate elsewhere where you can win). Many negotiators have used and continue to use a competitive approach, even a confrontational approach, in their negotiations. Any success in such cases
42、is more often than not short-lived. Manipulative behavior and power tripping generally lead to failure. Competition leads to power straggles(蔓延 )in negotiation. JSo the parties to the negotiation can easily get involved in power tripping. A person initiates a power trip when he or she has every inte
43、ntion of exercising his or her authority or desire to dominate by forcing the other party to take a complementary position. There is no choice but victory or defeat. This approach taken by one or both of the negotiators obviously confines the possible outcome significantly. KWhenever one of the part
44、ies uses a disrespectful tone of voice, presents ultimatums or refuses to participate for fear of losing face, the situation is confrontational and positions are strongly established. The negotiation is blocked and destined to fail, even if one of the parties seems to have won. Its a one-side victor
45、y, short term, which will result in a boomerang(自食其果 )effect. The party that lost will be looking to revenge. In a number of cooperative negotiating styles such as win-win or compromise negotiation, the focus is on mutual respect and reasoned deliberation. Once the strategy is clear, the next step i
46、s to choose the appropriate tactics. Good preparation means determining precise objectives from the start, understanding the other party(past negotiating style, type of negotiator, etc)and using professionals to obtain the maximum amount of useful data about the position of the other party. Soft ski
47、lls LThe most effective negotiators are those who succeed in reaching an agreement that allows each party to achieve their original objectives. If the objectives of the two parties are completely contradictory and have no chance of being tempered to reach a sound agreement, negotiators should be pre
48、pared to walk away. A winner will know from the start what he or she will do if the negotiations fail. A loser will not have thought this through. Some people can adapt to all kinds of situations. They make excellent negotiators. Others have a less flexible personality, which is a problem because th
49、eir personality limits their response. “Negotiators have to be able to lead the process,“ says Gauthi-er. All parties involved in negotiations have to be skilled at leading such a process. MResearch in negotiation carried out in the past 15 years at Harvard University has shown that “the most successful negotiators are those who define success not as beating their adversaries but as doing the best they can for th
