1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 66及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Deal with Cultural Differences? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. Write your essay on Answer sheet 1. 1文化差异带来了文化冲突 2这种现象产生的影
2、响 3如何应对文化差异 How to Deal with Cultural Differences? Section A （ A） The mans car always breaks down. （ B） It is really cold in the garage today. （ C） Her mobile phone runs out of power. （ D） The battery of her mobile phone is damaged. （ A） Make a better budget. （ B） Save money every month. （ C） Save e
3、very penny he makes. （ D） Learn from her on money saving. （ A） He is a nice guy. （ B） He has pretty ears. （ C） He is very helpful. （ D） He is very talkative. （ A） The woman has a good taste for fashion. （ B） The woman has beautiful eyes. （ C） The dress fits the woman very well. （ D） He wants to go f
4、ishing with the woman. （ A） Drop out of this deal. （ B） Leave her alone. （ C） Make a rapid decision. （ D） Make a deal with her tonight. （ A） He hasnt finished the book yet. （ B） He doesnt agree with the woman. （ C） He doesnt like the novel. （ D） He cant understand the novel. （ A） The man is good at
5、fixing computer. （ B） The man likes eating pies. （ C） The woman needs to buy a new server. （ D） The woman likes surfing the Internet. （ A） Have lessons. （ B） Watch a movie. （ C） Go to the dining hall. （ D） Find a seat in the front row. （ A） She wants to help doctors do little things. （ B） She wants
6、to do lab work in a hospital. （ C） She wants to operate on patients. （ D） She wants to answer the patients questions. （ A） Parents help. （ B） Social support. （ C） School education. （ D） Good chance. （ A） Opening up ones own clinic. （ B） Finding a position in a hospital. （ C） Serving an internship. （
7、 D） Becoming a certified assistant. （ A） By reciting lots of stories. （ B） By listening carefully in class. （ C） By communicating with foreigners. （ D） By listening to music and reciting lyrics. （ A） Look them up in the dictionary. （ B） Listen to them without reading. （ C） Make them the lyrics of so
8、ngs. （ D） Make marks besides them. （ A） Because she loves the leading actors. （ B） Because it can help her learn English. （ C） Because she can learn how to act. （ D） Because it teaches her lessons about life. （ A） Meaningful. （ B） Relaxing. （ C） Useful. （ D） Exciting. Section B （ A） Depressed. （ B）
9、Healthy. （ C） Bad-tempered. （ D） Emotional. （ A） Present situations that bring pleasure. （ B） Future situations that will bring pleasure. （ C） Past situations that brought pleasure. （ D） Imagined situations that bring pleasure. （ A） Worry. （ B） Happiness. （ C） Emotion. （ D） Anger. （ A） Mental diseas
10、e. （ B） Poor health. （ C） Stress. （ D） Depression. （ A） How to improve language skills. （ B） Learning a new culture. （ C） Going overseas or studying online. （ D） Traveling around the world. （ A） The costs for it are usually higher. （ B） It cant be fulfilled without computer. （ C） People cant study a
11、t their own pace. （ D） There are no face-to-face communications. （ A） A new life style. （ B） A tight budget. （ C） New educational activities. （ D） New friends. （ A） A collection. （ B） A novel. （ C） A poem. （ D） A fairy tale. （ A） A teacher teaching creative writing. （ B） A publisher in Brooklyn. （ C
12、） An engineer on the Hubble space telescope. （ D） A member of the Pulitzer Prize Board. （ A） Appointed by the press. （ B） Inspired by David Bowies song. （ C） Influenced by her father. （ D） Named by her daughter. Section C 26 Shift work is concentrated in the most dangerous areas of employment. It ha
13、s various effects on health and daily life. Shift workers, especially those who work nights, can【 B1】 _a number of health problems. They include sleep【 B2】 _, depression, high blood pressure, heart disease, and【 B3】 _. Experts now realize that sleep loss are dangerous and that night shift always res
14、ults in sleep loss. Most people need 8 hours of sleep a day to feel【 B4】 _. Parts of the night sleep are spent in light sleep stages and the other parts of the night are spent in deep sleep stages. If you work the night shift and sleep during the day, there are many things that can【 B5】 _your deep s
15、leep and awaken you during your light sleep phase. Noise is the biggest problem. Daytime sleepers have to【 B6】 _noisy neighbors, children, traffic, lawn mowers and such. Noise is the most common【 B7】 _of people who sleep during the day, so noise prevention should be given top priority. When looking
16、for a home to rent or buy, always look for one in a quiet【 B8】 _. Another sleep【 B9】 _is too much light. Our bodys entire cycle is based upon light and dark. If you are doing the opposite of this set body program, you are【 B10】_generations of programming. Since sunlight will disturb your day you sho
17、uld choose a house where the bedroom is on the north side of the house. Wear a black eye mask to further block out the light while you are sleeping. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 According to a paper to be published in Psychol
18、ogical Science this has an interesting psychological effect. A group of researchers, led by Eugene Caruso of the University of Chicago, found that people judge the distance of events【 C1】 _, depending on whether they are in the past or future. The paper calls this the “Temporal Doppler Effect“. In p
19、hysics, the Doppler effect describes the way that waves change frequency depending on whether their【 C2】 _is travelling towards or away from you. Mr. Caruso argues that something similar happens with peoples perception of time. Because future events are associated with diminishing distance, while th
20、ose in the past are thought of as【 C3】 _, something happening in one month feels psychologically【 C4】 _than something that happened a month ago. This idea was tested in a series of experiments. In one, researchers asked 323【 C5】_and divided them into two groups. A week before Valentines day, members
21、 of the first were asked how they planned to celebrate it. A week after February 14th the second group reported how they had celebrated it. Both groups also had to describe how near the day felt on a【 C6】 _of one to seven. Those describing forthcoming plans were more likely to report it as feeling “
22、 a short time from now“ , while those who had already【 C7】 _it tended to cluster at the “ a long time from now“ end of the scale. To account for the risk that recalling actual events requires different cognitive functions than imagining ones that have not yet happened, they also asked participants t
23、o【 C8】_the distance of hypothetical events a month in the past or future. The asymmetry(不对称 )remained. Mr. Caruso speculates that his research has【 C9】 _for psychological well-being. He suspects that people who do not show this biasthose who feel the past as being closermight be more【 C10】 _to rumin
24、ation(沉思 )or depression, because they are more likely to dwell on past events. A)advancing I)prospect B)apparently J)rate C)available K)receding D)closer L)scale E)differently M)source F)evaluate N)subject G)experienced O)volunteers H)implications 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6
25、】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Germans Education System AGermany invented the modern university but long ago lost its leading position to other countries, especially America. These days the land of poets and thinkers is prouder of its “ dual system“ for training skilled workers
26、such as bakers and electricians. Teenagers not bound for university apply for places in three-year programmes combining classroom learning with practical experience within companies. The direct benefit is superior German quality in haircuts as well as cars. Dual training “ is the reason were the wor
27、ld export champion“ , says Mrs Schavan, the education minister. Azubis(trainees)acquire not just a professional qualification but an identity. BBut the dual system is under pressure. The number of places offered by companies has long been falling short of the number of applicants. Almost as many you
28、ngsters move into a “ transitional system“ , a grab-bag of remedial education programs designed to prepare them for the dual system or another qualification. Often it turns out to be a dead end, especially for male immigrants. And given that Germany produces far fewer university graduates than many
29、comparable countries, some wonder whether the dual system is producing the right qualifications for the knowledge-based professions of the future. CThe system is governed by a consortium(协会 )representing almost everyone who counts; the federal and state governments, the chambers of commerce and the
30、unions. It regulates access to 350 narrowly defined trades. You can train to become a goldsmith, or if you want to manage a McDonalds you learn Systemgastronomie. Baking bread and pastries(糕点 )are separate disciplines. Schools outside the system may not train Azubis for a reserved trade. DIt makes s
31、ense to combine theory and practice, says Heike Solga of the Social Science Research Centre in Berlin, but the dual system is rigid and discriminatory. And because the trades are so specialized, getting a job at the end can be hard. In 2005 more than a third of graduates were unemployed a year after
32、 completing their course. Once a scholar, always a scholar EThe type of secondary school a German attends, the degree he obtains and the exams he passes classify him for life. The differentiations are made earlier and more rigidly than in other countries. Many children are typecast(定型 )at age ten, w
33、hich is when most German states decide which of three kinds of secondary school he or she will attend. Traditionally the Hauptschulen, the lowest tier, were the main suppliers of recruits to the dual training system, but they gradually became dumpinggrounds for children who could not keep up. Upon l
34、eaving(sometimes without passing the final exam), nearly 40% of these students find themselves in the precarious transitional system. The dual system now draws its intake mainly from the middle-grade Realschulen, the traditional training ground for white-collar workers, and even Gymnasien(grammar sc
35、hools), the main route to university. FThe state bureaucracy acknowledges four career paths: the simple, middle, elevated and higher services. Bureaucrats in one category can rarely be ambitious to careers. Teachers in Gymnasien enjoy a higher status than those at other schools, and have their own t
36、rade union, the grandly named Philologenverband. A Meisterbrief, the highest vocational credential(证书 ), is not just a badge of competence but in some trades a keep-off sign to competitors. GGermans are now asking themselves whether this way of doing things is fair, and whether it is working. Althou
37、gh income is distributed relatively equally, opportunity is not. “Germany is one of the most rigid among the relatively advanced societies,“ says Karl Ulrich Mayer, a sociologist at Yale University. But social exclusiveness has not produced excellence. The 2001 “PISA shock“a set of OECD figures whic
38、h revealed that German 15-year-olds scored in the bottom third among schoolchildren from 32 countries in tests of reading and mathshas not worn off. Overall, Germanys performance remains mediocre. More than a fifth of 15-year-olds cannot read or calculate properly; 8% of teenagers drop out of school
39、. A war of ideologies HThere is “no consensus on the content and goals of education“ , says Mrs Schavan. The arguments extend from primary schools to universities and are as much about tradition and status as about learning. Many Germans are to scrap a system so closely identified with the countrys
40、economic and cultural success. IA controversy now raging in Hamburg, a port city and one of Germanys smallest states, illustrates the strife. In 2008 the Christian Democrats, normally champions of the three tier high school system, formed their first state level coalition with the left leaning Green
41、 Party. The Greens won agreement for a radical school reform, mainly by extending primary schooling(and thus shortening secondary schooling)by two years. The idea was that if streaming children by ability is done later, the slower ones will have a better chance of doing well and the brighter ones wi
42、ll at least fare no worse. JMiddle-class parents of Gymnasium bound children rebelled. The “Gucci protesters“ collected more than enough signatures to get the reform put to a referendum. The parents fear that their children will be dragged down by academic laggards in the name of social justice, alt
43、hough such evidence as is available points in the opposite direction. KAlmost any education reform offends somebody. In a move to strengthen federalism in 2006, the federal government was banned from investing in areas reserved for the 16 states(including education), which makes serious reform even
44、harder. Progress is halting but the direction is fairly clear: the system is being streamlined, schools are being made more accountable and the hierarchy is becoming less rigid. LThe 2001 PISA results, which not only compared Germany with other countries but individual German states with each other,
45、 put state education ministers under pressure. Both states and the federal government are sharpening their instruments for measuring schools performance. Starting in 2005, the states for the first time submitted to binding quality standards for secondary schools. MThe universities are embroiled in a
46、 row of their own. They have given up the revered Diplom to comply with Europes Bologna process, which mandates(mostly shorter)bachelors and masters degrees. This is meant to make German system compatible with others in Europe(and encourage students to move around), and to award more useful degrees.
47、 Hard core traditionalists oppose the reform in principle, but the main objections are its sometimes sloppy implementation and the scant resources available to universities in general. 47 The direct benefit for German from the “dual system“ is that all products are of good quality. 48 Meisterbrief a
48、cknowledged by the state bureauracy is a highest certification and a sign of status. 49 The controversial dual system has a privilege of controlling the access of 350 defined trades. 50 According to Heike Solga, the dual system lacks flexibility and shows prejudice. 51 Education reforms should be pr
49、omoted by skills of hand. 52 In Germany, children attending Gymnasien can be classified for a promising life. 53 The comparisons of PISA results between countries and states result in binding quality standards for secondary schools. 54 The rigid class social system produced commonplace talents. 55 The aim of the universities reform in Germany is not only to award useful degrees, but make German system compatible with Eu
