1、大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷 273及答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 长江，又名 扬子江 (the Yangtze River)，全长 6300多千米，是中国第一大河，世界第三大河。长江发源于 青藏高原 (the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau)，流经多个省市。因富产粮食，长江中下游被称为 “中华文明的摇篮 ”(the cradle of Chinese civilization)。长江两岸风景优美，有众多的名胜 古迹。千百年来，长江在农业、工业、运输及战争中发挥着重要的作用。然而近年来，长江遭受了工业污染和湖泊流失，并由此引发了季节性洪水。 2
2、 过去十年中国 房地产 (real estate)行业高速发展。但是，对很多人来说，买房却不是一件容易的事情。高昂的房价甚至使一些年轻情侣推迟了结婚的计划。鉴于此种情况，近年来政府采取了一系列的措施来抑制房价过快增长，包括整顿和规范房地产市场、提高 房贷利率 (mortgage rate)、增设 房产税(property tax).目前，这些措施在部分城市取得了初步成效。 3 景泰蓝 (Jing Tai Lan Chinese cloisonne)是中国的一种传统艺术品。因其在 明朝 (the Ming Dynasty)景泰年间盛行，而且以蓝色为主，故而得名 “景泰蓝 ”。它采用一些贵重金属作
3、为原材料，集绘画、工艺、艺术为一体。景泰蓝典雅精美，具有独特的民族风格和浓厚的文化韵味。在 明清两朝 (the Ming and Qing Dynasties)，景泰蓝都是皇家专用的器物饰品，象征着尊贵与财 富。景泰蓝也在此时开始随着商船走向海外。 4 唐朝 (the Tang Dynasty)是普遍公认的中国最辉煌的时期之一。唐朝时期许多领域得到了巨大的发展。唐朝的疆域在军事扩张下已超过了 汉朝(the Han Dynasty)。农业和灌溉工具有了很大的进步，农业经济十分发达。在商业上，唐朝与更多国家有了贸易往来。唐朝也是文学和艺术的黄金时期。盛唐时期出现了整整一代文学巨匠，其中包括唐诗 “
4、双圣 ”李白和杜甫。 5 国画 (Chinese painting)是世界上最古老的艺术传统之一。绘画时用毛笔蘸黑墨或彩墨在纸张或丝绸上作画。根据表现手法，国画可分为 写意派(the Xieyi school)和 工笔派 (the Gongbi school)两大类。写意派以自由表达和形式夸张为特点；工笔派则注重以精细的笔法描绘细节。山水画被公认为国画的最高形式。纵观历史，不同时期的国画都相应地反映出人们的社会意识。 大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷 273答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 【正确答案】 The Changjiang River, or the Y
5、angtze River, has a total length of more than 6,300 km. It is the longest river in China and the third longest one in the world. It rises in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and flows through many provinces and cities. The middle and lower reaches of the river have been called the cradle of Chinese civiliz
6、ation for their abundance of food produced. Along the two sides of the river is beautiful scenery with many scenic spots and historical sites. For thousands of years, the river has been playing an important role in agriculture, industry, transportation, and war. But in recent years, the river has su
7、ffered from industrial pollution and loss of lakes, which has brought seasonal floods. 【试题解析】 1第 1句包含 4个短句，内容较多，仔细分析可发现，前两个短句主要介绍长江的地理概况，后两个短句说明其排名情况，可用 “拆译 ”法将前两个短句处理为一个句子，后面的 “是中国第一大河，世界第三大河 ”处理成另一个句子。 “又名 ”可翻译为 also named，但不如直接用 or表达来得简单。 “第一大河 ”按照习惯译为 thelongest river， “第三大河 ”为避免用词重复，译为 the thir
8、d longest one。 2在翻译第 3句 “因富产粮食，长江中下游被称为 ” 时，将原因状语 “因富产粮食 ”后 置，译作 for theirabundance of food produced，表达更自然、更符合英语表达习惯。 3第 4句 “长江两岸风景优美，有众多的名胜古迹 ”为了强调 “长江两岸风景 ”的美，可将前半句处理成主干，用介词短语 Along the two sides of the river置于句首，主谓倒装，译作 Along the two sides of the riveris beautiful scenery。后半句用介词短语 with many sceni
9、c spots and historical sites来表达。 4在最后一句中， “并由此引发了季节性洪水 ”较紧密地把前后两个分句结合起来，故将其处理成前一个分句的非限制性定语从句，译作 which has brought seasonal floods。 【知识模块】 汉译英 2 【正确答案】 The past decade has witnessed a high-speed development in Chinas real estate. But it is quite difficult for many people to buy a house. The high hous
10、ing price even makes some young couples postpone their plan for marriage. In view of the situation, the government has adopted a series of measures in recent years to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including regulating and standardizing the real estate market, raising mortgage rates
11、, and introducing property tax. At present, preliminary effects have been achieved in some cities. 【试题解析】 1第 1句可直译为 For the past decade， Chinas real estate developed rapidly，但如果以时间 “过 去十年 ”作为句子主语，套用句型time+see/witness+sth则表达更加生动形象。此时 see/witness表 “经历，以 为特点 ”之义。本句可译为 The past decade has witnessed 。 2第
12、 2句中的 “买房却不是一件容易的事情 ”可译为 buying a house is not an easy thing，但套用 it is+a +to do sth句型来翻译 “做某事是怎么样的 ”会更符合英文的表达习惯，故该句宜译作 it is quitedifficult for many people to buy a house。 3在第 4句中， “鉴于此种情况 ”既可直译为 In view of the situation，也可译为Given this situation，或是根据上下文转译为 For this reason。 “来抑制房价过快增长 ”表目的，故用不定式短语作状语
13、，译作 to pre-vent the housing price from rising too fast； “包括整顿 ” 起补充说明的作用，可译为 including regulating 。 4在翻译最后一句时，应转 换主语为 “初步成效 ”，用被动语态译出更符合英文表达习惯，译作 preliminary ef-fects have been achieved 。状语 “在部分城市 ”表达为 in some cities，置于句末。 【知识模块】 汉译英 3 【正确答案】 Jing Tai Lan is a kind of Chinese traditional works of ar
14、t. It got the name because it was very popular during the years of Jing Tai in the Ming Dynasty with blue as its main color. It uses some precious metals as raw materials, combining painting, craft and art. Jing Tai Lan is elegant and beautiful with a unique national style and rich cultural flavor.
15、During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jing Tai Lan was the decorative article owned only by royal families, a symbol of being noble and wealthy. Also at that time, Jing Tai Lan began to go overseas with trade ships. 【试题解析】 1第 2句中的 “故而得名 ”可套用句型 it got the name because ；“而且以蓝色为主 ”可处理为伴随状语，用介词短语 with blu
16、e as its main color来表达。 2第 3句的前半句 “它采用 作为原材料 ”可处理成主干，后半句则处理为伴随状语，用现在分词短语来表达。该句可译作 It usesas raw mate rials，combining 。 3第 4句若直译为 Jing Tai Lan is elegant and beautiful and has a unique 则略显生硬。宜将后半句处理成状语，补充说明景泰蓝，用介词短语 with a unique 来表达，句子简洁清晰。 4在倒数第 2句中，定语 “皇家专用的 ”较长，可将其处理成后置定语，用过去分词短语 owned only by ro
17、yalfamilies来表达； “象征着尊贵与财富 ”既可处理为 “器物饰品 ”的同位语，译为 a symbol of being nobleand wealthy，也可处理为状语，译作 symbolizing nobility and wealth。 【知识模块】 汉译英 4 【正确答案】 The Tang Dynasty is universally recognized as one of the most glorious periods in China. It has seen great progress in many fields. The territory in the
18、Tang Dynasty, acquired through military expansion, was greater than that in the Han Dynasty. Great advances have been made in agriculture and irrigation tools, making a prosperous agricultural economy. In business, the Tang Dynasty had trade contacts with more countries. The Tang Dynasty was also th
19、e golden age of literature and arts. In the high Tang period, there appeared a whole generation of literary giants including Li Bai and Du Fu, the twin masters of the Tang poetry. 【试题解析】 1在第 1句中，修饰 “时期 ”的定语较长，可考虑把形容词 “普遍公认的 ”转译为 动词词组 be universally rec-ognized as ； “中国 ”则处理成地点状语，译为 in China，置于句末。 2翻
20、译第 3句时可套用 be greater than这种表比较的句型，该句是把唐朝的疆域与汉朝的疆域进行比较，故 than后面需增译代词 that，用于指代前面提到的 territory，即 than that in the Han Dynasty，注意不能直接译成 than the Han Dynasty。 3第 4句的前半句和后半句有一定的因果联系，翻译时可将后半句 “农业经济十分 发达 ”处理成结果状语，用现在分词短语 making a prosperous agricultural economy来表达。 4最后一句是无主语句， “出现了整整一代文学巨匠 ”可用存现句型 there ap
21、peared来表达。 “其中包括 ” 补充说明前面的情况，可用分词短语including来表达。 “唐诗 双圣 ”可处理成 “李白和杜甫 ”的同位语，译作 the twin masters of the Tang poetry，置于其后。 【知识模块】 汉译英 5 【正确答案】 Chinese painting is one of the oldest artistic traditions in the world. The painting is done on paper or silk with a brush dipped in black or colored ink. Accor
22、ding to the means of expression, Chinese paintings can be divided into two categories which are the Xieyi school and the Gongbi school. The Xieyi school is characterized by free expression and exaggerated forms, while the Gongbi school attaches importance to detail with fine brush work. Landscape pa
23、inting is widely regarded as the highest form of Chinese painting. Throughout history, the Chinese paintings at different times mirror peoples social consciousness accordingly. 【试题解析】 1第 2句为无主语句，翻译时可补充出主语 one，译作 When painting， one uses a brush to dip it in blackink，但这种译法显得较为繁冗。此处宜把时间状语 “绘画时 ”转换成主句 t
24、he painting is done， “用毛笔蘸黑墨 ” 处理成方式状语，用介词短语 with a brush dipped in black来表达，这样句子更简洁、逻辑关系更强。 2在第 3句中， “可分为几大类 ”可译为短语 be divided into categories； “写意派和工笔派 ”则可用定语从句 which are来表达。 3第 4句含有对比的并列结构，可用表对比的连词 while来连接。该句中的 “注重 描绘细节 ”译成 attachimportance to detail即可达意，省译 “描绘 ”； “以精细的笔法 ”是方式状语，可用介词短语 with fine brushwork来表达，置于句末。 4在最后一句中，定语 “不同时期的 ”较长，可将其处理成后置定语，表达为 at different times periods。 【知识模块】 汉译英
