1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 184及答案与解析 Section A 0 Over a hundred years ago, Charles Dickens shocked many of his readers when he described the conditions under which young children worked in British factories. The conditions Dickens described continue almost【 C1】 _today in many parts of the world. The only di
2、fference is that today【 C2】 _of children is limited to small industries and family businesses, such as hotels, restaurants and【 C3】 _farms, rather than to large factories. Girls【 C4】 _more from child labor practices than boys. Many of them are forced to start work when they are only ten years old. A
3、lthough the work they are given to do is often【 C5】 _, it is often harmful to their health.【 C6】 _, children as young as six years were found to be working in Asian factories, and the children were working from eight to fourteen hours a day in overcrowded and unhealthy working【 C7】 _. Sometimes a wh
4、ole family group is employed, with the【 C8】_going to a parent or older relative. The children not only receive nothing or very little for their long hours of work, but also they are prevented from attending school. Therefore, when they become older they are unable to do any other kind of work. The【
5、C9】 _to the problem of child labor is clearly better laws to protect young children, greater supervision of industry and heavier fines for those who break the laws. Only in this way can young boys and girls be allowed to enjoy the most【 C10】_time of their lives children. A. elsewhere B. employment C
6、. dissolved D. light E. recently F. solution G. unchanged H. suffer I. conditions J. perspective K. impatient L. valuable M. particularly N. proceed O. payment 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 A Nice Cup of Tea The Legendary Origins of Te
7、a A)The story of tea began in ancient China over 5,000 years ago. According to legend, Shen Nung, an early emperor was a skilled ruler, creative scientist and lover of the arts. One summer day while visiting a distant region of his realm, he and the court stopped to rest. The servants began to boil
8、water for the court to drink. Dried leaves from the nearby bush fell into the boiling water, and a brown liquid was infused into the water. As a scientist, the Emperor was interested in the new liquid, drank some, and found it very refreshing. And so, according to legend, tea was created. B)Tea cons
9、umption spread throughout the Chinese culture reaching into every aspect of the society. In 800 A.D. Lu Yu wrote the first definitive book on tea, the Cha Ching. This amazing man was an orphan and raised by scholarly Buddhist monks in one of Chinas finest monasteries. However, as a young man, he reb
10、elled against the discipline of priestly training which had made him a skilled observer. His fame as a performer increased with each year, but he felt his life lacked meaning. Finally, in mid-life, he retired for five years into seclusion. Drawing from his vast memory of observed events and places,
11、he codified(编撰 )the various methods of tea cultivation and preparation in ancient China. The vast definitive nature of his work, projected him into near sainthood within his own lifetime. Patronized by the Emperor himself, his work clearly showed the Zen Buddhist philosophy to which he was exposed a
12、s a child. It was this form of tea service that Zen Buddhist missionaries would later introduce to imperial Japan. Europe Learns of Tea C)While tea was at this high level of development in both Japan and China, information concerning this then unknown beverage began to filter back to Europe. Earlier
13、 caravan leaders had mentioned it, but were unclear as to its service format or appearance.(One reference suggests the leaves be boiled, salted, buttered, and eaten!)The first European to personally encounter tea and write about it was the Portuguese Jesuit Father Jasper de Cruz in 1560. Portugal, w
14、ith her technologically advanced navy, had been successful in gaining the first right of trade with China. It was as a missionary on that first commercial mission that Father de Cruz had tasted tea four years before. D)The Portuguese developed a trade route by which they shipped their tea to Lisbon,
15、 and then Dutch ships transported it to France, Holland, and the Baltic countries.(At that time Holland was politically affiliated with Portugal. When this alliance was altered in 1602, Holland, with her excellent navy, entered into full Pacific trade in her own right.)Great Britain was the last of
16、the three great sea-faring nations to break into the Chinese and East Indian trade routes. This was due in part to the unsteady ascension to the throne of the Stuarts and the Cromwellian Civil War. The first samples of tea reached England between 1652 and 1654. Tea quickly proved popular enough to r
17、eplace ale as the national drink of England. E)As in Holland, it was the nobility that provided the necessary stamp of approval and so insured its acceptance. King Charles II had married, while in exile, the Portuguese Infanta Catherine de Braganza(1662). Charles himself had grown up in the Dutch ca
18、pital. As a result, both he and his Portuguese bride were confirmed tea drinkers. When the monarchy was re-established, the two rulers brought this foreign tea tradition to England with them. As early as 1600 Elizabeth I had founded the John Company for the purpose of promoting Asian trade. When Cat
19、herine de Braganza married Charles she brought as part of her dowry the territories of Tangier and Bombay. Suddenly, the John Company had a base of operations. F)Tea mania swept across England as it had earlier spread throughout France and Holland. Tea importation rose from 40,000 pounds in 1699 to
20、an annual average of 240,000 pounds by 1708. Tea was drunk by all levels of society. G)Prior to the introduction of tea into Britain, the English had two main mealsbreakfast and dinner. Breakfast was ale, bread and beef. Dinner was a long, massive meal at the end of the day. It was no wonder that An
21、na, the Duchess of Bedford(1788-1861)experienced a “sinking feeling“ in the late afternoon. Adopting the European tea service format, she invited friends to join her for an additional afternoon meal at five oclock in her rooms at Belvoir Castle. The menu centered around small cakes, bread and butter
22、 sandwiches, assorted sweets, and, of course, tea. This summer practice proved so popular, the Duchess continued it when she returned to London, sending cards to her friends asking them to join her for “tea and a walking the fields.“(London at that time still contained large open meadows within the
23、city.)The practice of inviting friends to come for tea in the afternoon was quickly picked up by other social hostesses. A common pattern of service soon merged. The first pot of tea was made in the kitchen and carried to the lady of the house who waited with her invited guests, surrounded by fine p
24、orcelain from China. The first pot was warmed by the hostess from a second pot(usually silver)that was kept heated over a small flame. Food and tea was then passed among the guests, the main purpose of the visiting being conversation. Tea Cuisine H)Tea cuisine quickly expanded in range to quickly in
25、clude wafer thin crustless sandwiches, shrimp or fish paste, toasted breads with jams, and regional British pastries such as scones(Scottish)and crumpets(English). At this time two distinct forms of tea services evolved: “High“ and “Low“. “Low“ Tea(served in the low part of the afternoon)was served
26、in aristocratic homes of the wealthy and featured small delicious food rather than solid meals. The emphasis was on presentation and conversation. “High“ Tea or “Meat Tea“ was the main or “High“ meal of the day. It was the major meal of the middle and lower classes and consisted of mostly full dinne
27、r items such as roast beef, mashed potatoes, peas, and of course, tea. I)Tea was the major beverage served in the coffee houses, but they were so named because coffee arrived in England some years before tea. Exclusively for men, they were called “Penny Universities“ because for a penny any man coul
28、d obtain a pot of tea, a copy of the newspaper, and engage in conversation with the sharpest wits of the day. The various houses specialized in selected areas of interest, some serving attorneys, some authors, others the military. They were the forerunner of the English gentlemens private club. One
29、such beverage house was owned by Edward Lloyd and was favored by shipowners, merchants and marine insurers. That simple shop was the origin of Lloyds, the worldwide insurance firm. Attempts to close the coffee houses were made throughout the eighteenth century because of the free speech they encoura
30、ged, but such measures proved so unpopular they were always quickly revoked. J)Experiencing the Dutch “tavern garden teas“, the English developed the idea of Tea Gardens. Here ladies and gentlemen took their tea out of doors surrounded by entertainment such as orchestras, hidden arbors, flowered wal
31、ks, bowling greens, concerts, gambling, or fireworks at night. It was at just such a Tea Garden that Lord Nelson, who defeated Napoleon by sea, met the great love of his life, Emma, later Lady Hamilton. Women were permitted to enter a mixed, public gathering for the first time without social critici
32、sm. As the gardens were public, British society mixed here freely for the first time, cutting across lines of class and birth. 11 Throughout the eighteenth century, coffee houses were once forced to close because they encouraged the free speech. 12 Before tea was shipped to England, its national dri
33、nk was ale. 13 The practice of arranging an additional afternoon meal, raised by Anna, was soon spread to other social hostesses. 14 The coffee houses, also called “Penny Universities“, offered tea as the major beverage. 15 A tea service called “Low“ tea was provided in aristocratic homes of the wea
34、lthy in the afternoon. 16 When Lu Yu was a child, he was greatly influenced by the Buddhist philosophy. 17 It was in the Tea Garden that British society mixed freely for the first time, regardless of class and birth. 18 In order to improve Asian trade, Queen Elizabeth I established the John Company.
35、 19 Tea, drunk by all levels of society, swept across England quickly as it landed in the country. 20 A Portuguese priest was the first person to write about tea in Europe. Section C 20 In a step that should help make the Internet safer for consumers, anti-virus giant Symantec on Wednesday will intr
36、oduce a protection system designed to anticipate new ill-meaning programs that try to steal onto your computer. For decades, anti-virus protection has worked by reacting to new ill-meaning programs. Researchers rush to identify bad code, then create and distribute filters for it But cybercriminals h
37、ave got so fast at escaping the latest filters that protection often comes too late. Symantecs new system, called Quorum, continuously predicts whether any new program that attempts to run on your PC is good or bad It then takes steps to isolate the bad code. “Were closing a major gap the bad guys h
38、ave been using to deliver their ill-meaning software,“ says Rowan Trollope, senior vice president of consumer products. Symantec becomes the fourth major anti-virus firm and the largest to add predictive capabilities to traditional reactive anti-virus systems. Since February, McAfee, Panda Security
39、and Trend Micro have introduced similar predictive technologies. Computer infections most often spread when a PC user clicks on an altered Web link that arrives in an e-mail or social-network message, or appears in search results for questions on Google, Bing and Yahoo Search. Whats more, millions o
40、f lawful Web pages unknowingly altered by hackers can also infect a PC during a page visit Cybercriminals use infected PCs to spread junk e-mails, steal data and hijack online banking accounts. Infections can change hourly, forcing anti-virus firms to create and deliver thousands of filters each day
41、. “The amount of ill-meaning software produced today has required all of us to change the approach we take in combating it“ says Trend Micro senior manager Jon Clay. Trend began offering predictive protection to business customers in May. A consumer version is due next year. “There is a natural evol
42、ution taking place,“ says Mike Gallagher, chief technology officer for McAfee, which rolled out its Artemis system for consumers and businesses in February. Symantec introduces Quorum in its new Norton Internet Security 2010 system for consumers priced at $70 for a one-year subscription; McAfees con
43、sumer subscription is priced similarly. Panda Securitys free consumer version of its Panda Cloud anti-virus product has been out since April. 21 In the past decades, anti-virus protection hasnt worked effectively because _. （ A） researchers didnt create filters in time （ B） filters were soon escaped
44、 by cybercriminals （ C） ill-meaning programs were too complex （ D） cybercriminals were smarter than researchers 22 How does Quorum protect your computer? （ A） It continuously updates the anti-virus database in your computer. （ B） It reacts to the ill-meaning programs once they run on your computer.
45、（ C） It evaluates every new program before it can run on your computer. （ D） It automatically refuses unfamiliar software to run on your computer. 23 Computers are usually infected by connecting to _. （ A） e-mail boxes or social-network messages （ B） search engines of Google, Bing and Yahoo （ C） law
46、ful web pages （ D） spoiled web links 24 According to Jon Clay, there are so many ill-meaning programs every day that_. （ A） anti-virus firms should put more effort to combat them （ B） anti-virus firms should speed up their research （ C） filters should be predictive instead of reactive （ D） filters s
47、hould be delivered hourly instead of daily 25 What company is the last one to add predictive capacities to its anti-virus product? （ A） Symantec. （ B） McAfee. （ C） Trend Micro. （ D） Panda Security. 25 Women are on the verge of outnumbering men in the workforce for the first time, a historic reversal
48、 caused by long-term changes in womens roles and massive job losses for men during this recession. Women held 49.83% of the nations 132 million jobs in June and theyre gaining the vast majority of jobs in the few sectors of the economy that are growing, according to the most recent numbers available
49、 from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Thats a record high for a measure thats been growing steadily for decades and accelerating during the recession. At the current pace, women will become a majority of workers in October or November. “Women have struggled long and hard to get to this point,“ says labor economist Heidi Hartmann, president of the Institute for Womens Policy Research. The change reflects the growing importance of women as wage earners, but it doesnt show full equality, Hartmann says.
