1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 198及答案与解析 Section A 0 Academy Award nominees who go home empty-handed may not have a shiny Oscar to show off, but they may turn out to be the bigger winners in the game of life. According to a study published in British Medical Journal on December 21, Oscar-winning screenwriters a
2、re more successful, more productive, and more【 C1】_than losing nominees; however, they die sooner by about four years. Because success is usually linked to better health, “this is the first【 C2】 _ever that success is not associated with improved【 C3】 _,“ says Donald Redelmeier, lead author of the st
3、udy. Researchers【 C4】 _down information about every person who was ever nominated for an Oscar since the awards were first handed out 73 years ago. To explain the【 C5】 _findings, he offers two theories. The first is the “work-to-death hypothesis.“ According to Redelmeier, screenwriters are more【 C6】
4、 _to lead unhealthy lifestyles, meaning they smoke more, exercise less, and work a lot of late-night hours, which translates into not enough sleep. Screenwriters dont have a boss to report to, which brings into【 C7】_Redelmeiers second explanation, the “party-hearty hypothesis.“ “When you become a su
5、ccessful screenwriter, you gain status without daily accountability, and as a【 C8】 _your success may lead you to more alcohol, more parties, and more obesity,“ he says. Redelmeier hopes his study will【 C9】 _how important it is to lead a healthy lifestyle. “The bottom line,“ he says, “is that greater
6、 success may【 C10】 _lead to worse health if people fail to look after themselves.“ A longevity B. flourish C. apt D. sometimes E. tracked F. respected G. account H. miracle I. occupation J. puzzling K. stress L. consequence M. internal N. fairly O. restrained 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】
7、6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 Hints and Tips to Save Money A)Spend less. This is not oversimplifying the best way to save money! It is essential if you are serious about being a long-term money saver. Review what you spend and look at ways you can save money. Consider making
8、 telephone calls for instance only at off-peak times. Do you really need to have newspapers and magazines delivered? Can you do without those coffees you buy at break time every day would a flask of coffee taken to work save you money? What about using the public lending library instead of buying bo
9、oks or music CDs? Once you start looking for ways to spend less you will quickly become an expert and really save money. B)Establish a personal budget This is essential for families and individuals. You will not be able to save money unless you know how much money you have coming in, and how much mo
10、ney you have going out. Once you have prepared a budget of incoming money and outgoing money, you will be able to identify areas where you can save. It is MUCH more difficult to save money over a long period of time(the rest of your life?)without a budget. C)Bulk is good. Think about shopping and bu
11、ying in bulk. You can also save money by cooking in bulk. This is a real way you can save money with little preparation and almost no extra outlay. Always purchase in bulk when you can. Prepared foods and convenience foods will always be much more expensive than all the ingredients needed to make th
12、e food. Preparing food in bulk and in advance also gives you the opportunity to plan ahead and be more accurate in your budget. Save money by buying in bulk whenever you can. One thing to be aware of when buying in bulk is to be sure that any product you buy will get used before it goes bad you wont
13、 save money if you have to throw stuff away. Buying in bulk is not only a good way to save money it is also a good strategy for coping with and surviving emergencies. D)Make sure a sale is a sale. By this I mean do your price research before you commit to making an expensive purchase in a retailers
14、money-off sale. You have to be sure the sale really is a sale and not a creative marketing strategy of the store to encourage you to spend your money without thinking. Once you have researched the true price of a product(any product)you are in a good position to take advantage of a sale, special off
15、er or discount and really save money. “Buy one get one free“, “50% off“, and “Huge Discount“ will only help you save money if the actual price you pay is lower than you would pay somewhere else for exactly the same product. E)Buy used. Sure, we all like to buy new. But there are huge money savings t
16、o be made in buying used. Typically cars lose one-third of their value in the first 24 months from new. Why not buy a car 24 months old? Other items such as clothes can be worth even less just the day after new. Look for ways to buy “as good as new“ items and save money. Typical products you might c
17、onsider buying used to save money include: cars, clothes, electrical goods, garden items. tools and sheds, household items. pots and pans the list of used goods where you can save money is endless. F)Dont carry excessive debt. Some debt in our lives may be essential. We may need a mortgage(抵押 )to pu
18、rchase a home, we may need to use our credit card to make purchases until payday, but your aim to save money should be to have as little debt as possible. Credit card debt is typically the most expensive debt we may carry. You will be able to save money every month if you make it an absolute rule to
19、 pay off your outstanding balance every month. If you can have the discipline to do this you will save money by effectively having no debt, and thus no interest charge on your credit card(s). G)Save money fast. No, I mean really save some money. Each week or each month get into the habit of putting
20、an amount, however small into your savings. You could start by saving a very small fixed amount each time and then move to putting in larger amounts once you begin to save money from your other money saving strategies. You will find that by saving money on a regular basis you will quickly build up a
21、 store of reserve money and also feel motivated to save more. The hardest part is to take the first step and start saving money so START TODAY and save some money NOW! If you find it impossible to save money once you have it, consider having money deducted from your paycheck direct each month. This
22、can be a great way to save money rapidly as once it is set up you will not notice it is being collected and your savings will grow with no more effort from you. H)Shop wisely. Consider markets, superstores, farmers markets, local shops, malls and stores. Anywhere is worth checking out to see if you
23、can save money. Farmers markets can be particularly good places to save money. Typically you are buying direct from the producer of the product so the savings are passed on to you. Use your bulk buying strategy here farmers markets often offer opportunities to save money by buying larger quantities
24、of food, for instance potatoes, rice or com. Save money and shop wisely. I)Eat in rather than out. This is a huge area where you can save money. A cup of coffee taken out could easily cost you TWENTY times(or more)what it would cost you to make it at home. So think before you drink when you are out.
25、 Eating is the same. Fast food restaurants are counting on your eating food that you perhaps dont really need at that time but buy just because it is quick. Why not wait until you get home and have a more nutritious meal and save money at the same time? J)Use less. This money saving tip is a lesson
26、we all need to learn. We live in a consumer society where waste is a huge problem. If we could all use and consume less there would be less waste, less power consumption, and the benefits for you are SAVING MONEY. Consider using less shampoo when you wash your hair, this may not mean washing your ha
27、ir less effectively but it means not flushing the excess shampoo and your money down the drain. What about saving on heating? Turn the thermostat(恒温器 )down or put on extra clothes when you are cold. Turn off lights, the TV and the computer when they are not in use. Each little saving you make will b
28、uild up and enable you to save money. Huge savings in energy can be made which will save you money and be good for our planet and the other people on it. 11 When you find it impossible to save money once you have it, you can deduct it from your paycheck direct each month. 12 Saving energy can help n
29、ot only protect the environment but save your money. 13 Among the typically essential debts in our lives, the most costly one is credit card debt. 14 When buying in bulk, you have to keep in mind that make sure any product you buy will get used before it goes bad. 15 We eat at the fast food restaura
30、nts because it is quick rather than we really need the food. 16 When the actual price is lower than the price offered elsewhere, “buy one get one free“ sale can help you save money. 17 You can find out where you can save money by preparing a personal budget of incoming money and outgoing money. 18 H
31、aving newspapers and magazines delivered to your doorstep is not economical. 19 Things like cars, household items and electrical tools are typical products that might be considered buying used. 20 To shop wisely, one can save money by buying products in farmers markets. Section C 20 In only two deca
32、des Asian Americans have become the fastest-growing U.S. minority. As their children began moving up through the nations schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was emerging. Their achievements are reflected in the nations best universities, where mathematics, science and eng
33、ineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian character. This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their educations abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of Engli
34、sh. They are also influenced by the promises of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively. And the return on the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering
35、than with an arts degree. Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. An effective measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time
36、with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that breeds success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education. Both explanations for academic success worry Asian Americans because of fears that they
37、 feed a typical racial image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the victims of social isolation. Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship. 21 While making tremendous achievements at college, Asian-
38、American students _. （ A） feel they are mistreated because of limited knowledge of English （ B） are afraid that their academic successes bear a strong Asian character （ C） still worry about unfair treatment in academic areas （ D） generally feel it a shame to have to depend on their parents 22 What a
39、re the major factors that determine the success of Asian Americans? （ A） Solid foundation in basic mathematics and Asian culture. （ B） Hard work and intelligence. （ C） Hard work and a limited knowledge of English. （ D） Asian culture and the American educational system. 23 Few Asian-American students
40、 major in human sciences mainly because _. （ A） their English is not good enough （ B） they are afraid they might meet with unfair judgment in these areas （ C） there is a wide difference between Asian and Western cultures （ D） they know little about American culture and society 24 Why do the two “exp
41、lanations“(Line 1, Para. 3)worry Asian Americans? （ A） They are afraid that they would again be isolated from American society in general. （ B） People would think that Asian students rely on their parents for success. （ C） Asian Americans would be a threat to other minorities. （ D） American academic
42、 achievements have taken on too strong an Asian character. 25 The authors tone in this passage is _. （ A） sympathetic （ B） doubtful （ C） critical （ D） objective 25 The struggle against malnutrition(营养不良 )and hunger is as old as man himself, and never across the face of our planet has the outcome bee
43、n more in doubt. Malnutrition tortures an estimated 400 million to 1.5 billion of the worlds poor. Even in the rich U.S., poverty means malnutrition for an estimated ten to twenty million. Hardest hit are children, whose growing bodies demand two and a half times more protein, than those of adults.
44、Nutrition experts estimate that 70 percent of the children in low-income countries are affected. Badly-shaped bodies tell the sad story of malnutrition. Medical science identifies two major types of malnutrition which usually occur in combination. The first, kwashiorkor, is typified by the bloated(肿
45、胀的 )look, the opposite of what we associate with starvation. Accumulated fluids pushing against wasted muscles account for the plumpness(丰满 )of hands, feet, belly and face. Caused by an acute lack of protein, kwashiorkor can bring brain damage, irritability, loss of appetite and so on. On the other
46、hand, stick limbs, a bloated belly, wide eyes, and the stretched-skin face of an old person mark victims of marasmus, a word taken from the Greek “to waste away“. Lacking calcium(钙 )as well as protein, sufferers may weigh only half as much as normal. With fat gone, the skin hangs or draws tight over
47、 bones. Children, whose growing bodies require large amounts of protein, suffer in greatest numbers, but perhaps only three percent of all child victims suffer the extreme stages described. Scientists are working hard to develop new weapons against malnutrition and starvation. But two thirds of the
48、human population of 3.9 billion live in the poorest countries which also have the highest birth rates. Thus, of the 74 million people added to the population each year, four out of five will be born in a have-not country a country unable to supply its peoples nutritional needs. 26 Malnutrition is _.
49、 （ A） not as serious as before （ B） still as serious as before （ C） more serious than before （ D） inclined to be less serious 27 The phrase “waste away“(Line 2, Para. 3)means _. （ A） become thinner （ B） lose （ C） misshape （ D） lack calcium 28 Compared with adults, children are usually more seriously affected by malnutrition because _. （ A） their growth demands more protein than adults （ B） their bodies demand more calcium than adults （ C） they do not have as much fat as adults （ D） they do not
