1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 212及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled Man and EnvironmentProblems and Solutions. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 人类与环境关系密切 2. 我们的环境面临着危机 3. 必须采取切实有效的措施保护环境 二
2、、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the pass
3、age; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 What is a Port City? The port city provides a fascinating and rich understanding of the movement of people and goods around the world. We understand
4、 a port as a centre of land-sea exchange, and as a major source of livelihood and a major force for cultural mixing. But do ports all produce a range of common urban characteristics which justify classifying port cities together under a single generic label? Do they have enough in common to warrant
5、distinguishing them from other kinds of cities? Ports and harbours A port must be distinguished from a harbour. They are two very different things. Most ports have poor harbour, and many fine harbours see few ships. Harbour is a physical concept, a shelter for ships; port is an economic concept, a c
6、entre of land-sea exchange which requires good access to a hinterland (内地，腹地 ) even more than a sea-linked foreland. It is landward access, which is productive of goods for export and which demands imports, that is critical. Poor harbours can be improved with breakwaters (防浪堤 ) and dredging if there
7、 is a demand for a part. Madras and Colombo are examples of harbours expensively improved by enlarging, dredging and building breakwaters. Once a port city, and always a port city Port cities become industrial, financial and service centres and political capitals because of their water connections a
8、nd the urban concentration which arises there and later draws to it railways, highways and air mutes. Water transport means cheap access, the chief basis of all port cities. Many of the worlds biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Istanbul, Buenos Aires, Tokyo, Jakarta, Calcutta,
9、Philadelphia and San Francisco began as ports, that is, with land-sea exchange as their major functionbut they have since grown disproportionately in other respects so that their port functions are no longer dominant. They remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port function
10、s account for that difference. A truly international environment Port functions, more than anything else, make a city cosmopolitan (世界性的 ). A port city is open to the world. In it races, cultures, and ideas, as well as goods from a variety of places, jostle (竞争 ), mix and enrich each other and the l
11、ife of the city: The smell of the sea and harbour, the sound of boat whistles or the moving tides are symbols a of their multiple links with a wide world, samples of which are present in microcosm (微观世界 ) within their own urban areas. Reasons for the decline of ports Sea ports have been transformed
12、by the advent of powered vessels, whose size and draught (船的吃水深度 ) have increased. Many formerly important ports have become economically and physically less accessible as a result. By-passed by most of their former enriching flow of exchange, they have become cultural and economic backwaters or hav
13、e acquired the character of museums of the past. Examples of these are Charleston, Salem, Bristol, Plymouth, Surat, Galle, Melaka, Soochow, and a long list of earlier prominent port cities in Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America. Relative significance of trade and service industry Much domestic
14、port trade has not been recorded. What evidence we have suggests that domestic trade was greater at all periods than external trade. Shanghai, for example, did most of its trade with other Chinese ports and inland cities. Calcutta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on. Most of any citys
15、population is engaged in providing goods and services for the city itself. Trade outside the city is its basic function. But each basic worker requires food, housing, clothing and other such services. Estimates of the ratio of basic to service workers range from 1:4 to 1:8. Good ports make huge prof
16、its No city can be simply a port but must be involved in a variety of other activities. The port function of the city draws to it raw materials and distributes them in many other forms. Ports take advantage of the need for breaking up the bulk material where water and land transport meet and where l
17、oading and unloading costs can be minimized by refining raw materials or turning them into finished goods. The major examples here are oil refining and ore refining, which are commonly located at ports. It is not easy to draw a line around what is and is not a port function. All ports handle, unload
18、, sort, alter, process, repack and reship most of what they receive. A city may still be regarded as a port city when it becomes involved in a great range of functions not immediately involved with ships or docks. How the port changes a citys infrastructure Cities which began as ports retain the chi
19、ef commercial and administrative centre of the city close to the waterfront. The centre of New York is in lower Manhattan between two river mouths, the City of London is on the Thames, Shanghai along the Bund. This proximity to water is also true of Boston, Philadelphia, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Si
20、ngapore, Bangkok, Hong Kong and Yokohama, where the commercial, financial, and administrative centres are still grouped around their harbours even though each city has expanded into a metropolis. Even a casual visitor cannot mistake them as anything but port cities. 2 This passage gives some informa
21、tion on the characteristics of port cities. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 What is important for a port is that it needs to be accessible from the land. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Cities cease to be port cities when other functions dominate. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 In the past, many port cities did more trade
22、 within their own country than with overseas ports. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Most people in a port city are engaged in international trade and finance. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Ports attract many subsidiary and independent industries. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Ports have to establish a common language o
23、f trade. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 In a port city various races, cultures, ideas and goods from different countries mix and enrich the life of the city, which makes a city _. 10 With the coming of bigger ships, many formerly prosperous port cities have become culturally and economically backward and g
24、ot the feature of _ of the past. 11 New York City, the City of London and Shanghai have their chief commercial and administrative centre built close to the waterfront, which is also _ Boston, Bombay, Singapore and Hong Kong. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations
25、and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and
26、decide which is the best answer. （ A） He has promised to keep smoking cigarettes. （ B） Hes gained a profit from his business. （ C） Cigarettes become cheaper recently. （ D） He guesses that smoking releases anxiety. （ A） The man feels so tired that he wants to sleep. （ B） They both think the lecture i
27、s very boring. （ C） They have different opinions about the lecture. （ D） The Professors lecture is too difficult to understand. （ A） Her adviser. （ B） Her boss. （ C） Her partner. （ D） Her boyfriend. （ A） The test consists of one page. （ B） The woman found the exam easy. （ C） The exam was difficult f
28、or the woman. （ D） The woman finished the exam in an hour. （ A） The man called her too early. （ B） Its too early to go to the zoo. （ C） She preferred playing tennis to going to the zoo. （ D） If the man had called her earlier, she would have gone to the zoo with him. （ A） That Susans father is a judg
29、e. （ B） That Susan doesnt look like her father. （ C） That the man should pay attention to the cover of a book. （ D） That the man shouldnt judge a person only by his appearance. （ A） Her job is in the city. （ B） Its easy to find a job here. （ C） Life is less expensive in the city. （ D） Living in the
30、city can save a lot of money. （ A） He was offered a better job. （ B） He works very carefully. （ C） He received a traffic ticket. （ D） He always drives through a lot of traffic. （ A） The final exams. （ B） Their summer vacations. （ C） History term paper. （ D） The relationship between war and politics.
31、 （ A） The man is not done with the finals. （ B） The man is writing a paper about political situation in US. （ C） The man has never been to Gettysburg. （ D） The man is so much indecisive. （ A） Two more final exams. （ B） His term paper about Gettysburg. （ C） Something that caused their travel plan to
32、be canceled. （ D） History knowledge about the battle at Gettysburg. （ A） She has not graduated. （ B） She prefers to work in a travel agency. （ C） She is not old enough. （ D） She cannot speak Spanish. （ A） She has to have worked in a hospital once. （ B） She has to have some experience of hotel work.
33、（ C） She has to know foreign languages. （ D） She has to know how to fly a plane. （ A） They have different ideas about it. （ B） They agree with her. （ C） They think it is difficult to be stewardess. （ D） They say she can earn a lot. （ A） Because there are no signs to direct them. （ B） Because no tour
34、 guides are available. （ C） Because all the buildings in the city look alike. （ D） Because the university is everywhere in the city. （ A） It is hard for her to get the kids to sleep. （ B） The neighbors son produces noises with his car. （ C） She has a sleep disorder. （ D） She doesnt quite get used to
35、 the new environment. （ A） When her neighbors son turns off the car. （ B） When her neighbors son stops the car. （ C） The noise doesnt stop till early next morning. （ D） The noise stops until midnight. （ A） She feels stupid complaining to the neighbor. （ B） She is too busy to talk to the neighbor. （
36、C） She is afraid that the neighbor will get angry. （ D） She doesnt know the neighbor at all. （ A） She should let her neighbor know her trouble directly. （ B） She should let her neighbor know her trouble in a polite manner. （ C） She should try to get familiar with the neighbor as soon as possible. （
37、D） She should present gift to the neighbor in exchange for peace at night. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must
38、 choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） One. （ B） Two. （ C） Three. （ D） Four. （ A） Tutorial-smaller group, tutor tutored. （ B） Seminar-larger group, tutor presented a paper. （ C） Seminar-smaller group, student presented a paper. （ D） Tutorial-larger group, more than
39、one lecturer present. （ A） The two models of cars. （ B） The history of car industry. （ C） The development of cars in America. （ D） The structure of Duesenberg cars. （ A） Because it was simple to manufacture. （ B） Because it would be much easier to sell. （ C） Because technology made it impossible to
40、make other models. （ D） Because the cost could then be low enough for people to buy. （ A） Wealthy people. （ B） Ordinary people. （ C） People who liked fancy cars. （ D） People who wanted to own cars. （ A） It was very big in size. （ B） It had very powerful engines. （ C） Each was unique and luxurious. （
41、 D） It was regarded as a status symbol. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numb
42、ered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 In the United States today, the cost of housing is very hi
43、gh. It is very【 B1】 _ to pay one fourth to one third or a familys income for a place to live. The price of a house depends on its size and【 B2】 _ . Big houses are more expensive than smaller ones, and houses【 B3】 _ to the center of big cities are more expensive than ones in the【 B4】 _ or in small to
44、wns.【 B5】 _ of the cost, it is very normal for people to buy their houses over a period of time. When a family buys a house, it is【 B6】 _ to borrow money from a bank in regular installments. This kind of bank【 B7】 _ is called mortgage. Families can take 30 years to pay off the mortgage.【 B8】 _ a mor
45、tgage it would be impossible for most people to own their own houses.【 B9】 _ . The money they pay for this is called rent. Usually【 B10】 _ . Also when something needs to be repaired, the renters can ask the landlord to fix it. Some people rent houses, but most renters live in apartments.【 B11】_ . Re
46、cently it has become common for renters to buy apartments. When this happens, the cost will go up. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to selec
47、t one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You
48、 may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 47 The task of being accepted and enrolled in a university begins early for some students, long before they graduate from high school. These students take special courses to prepare for 【 S1】 _ study. They may also take one or more 【 S2】 _ th
49、at test how well prepared they are for the university. In the final year of high school, they complete 【 S3】 _ and send them, with their student records, to the universities which they hope to 【 S4】 _ . Some high school students may be 【 S5】 _ to have an interview with representatives of the universities. Neatly dressed, and usually very frightened, they are determined to show that they have a good attitude and the ability to succeed.
