1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 275及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about foreign fast food. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below 1. 洋快餐在中国受欢迎的现象 2. 洋快餐在中国受欢迎 的原因 3. 洋快餐存在的问题 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimmin
2、g and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contrad
3、icts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Rain forests Did you know there are two types of Rainforest-the temperate and the tropical? Tropical rainforests are found close to the equator. Temperate rainforests are found along coast
4、s in the temperate zone, such as the Pacific Northwest of the USA. Both are endangered! Rainforests Endangered! Today only about three percent of the original temperate rainforest in the U. S. A. remains, mostly inside Olympic National Park in Washington State. Prior to the arrival of homesteaders j
5、ust over a century ago, the Olympic Peninsula contained more than a million acres of old-growth spruce and hemlock. Because of habitat destruction, many plants and animals have become “island dwellers“ inside the park now. Tropical rainforests comprise only 40% of the worlds tropical forests and onl
6、y 20% of the worlds total forests. They cover 6%-7% of the Earths land surface. Half of the worlds plant and animal species live in the tropical rainforests of the world. Thirty acres of trees are cut in the tropical rainforests every minute. As you read this, tropical rainforests are shrinking. Eac
7、h second a portion of rainforest the size of a football field is destroyed or damaged. What Makes the Tropical Rainforest Special? The rainforests are home to half of the Earths plant and animal species. They are winter homes to many birds that breed in temperate latitudes. Tropical rainforests are
8、some of the most beautiful wildernesses on our planet. They are home to tribal cultures that have survived successfully in the forests for many thousands of years. The forests are a potential source of medicinal plants that may benefit everyone on Earth. The ecosystem of the rainforest is based on t
9、he most complex interdependence of plants and animals. This is both the forests strength and its weakness: highly specialized organisms are particularly vulnerable to disturbance, because they cannot adapt fast enough to survive the change. Tropical rainforests help maintain global rain and weather
10、patterns. Much of the water that evaporates from the trees returns in the form of rainfall. Removal of the forest can change the natural rainfall patterns. Tropical Rainforest Layers Tropical rainforests have four layers: Emergent Layer These giant trees thrust above the dense canopy layer(树冠层 ) and
11、 have huge mushroom-shaped crowns. These trees enjoy the greatest amount of sunlight but also must endure high temperatures, low humidity, and strong winds. Canopy Layer The broad, irregular crowns of these trees form a tight, continuous canopy 60 to 90 feet above the ground. The branches are often
12、densely covered with other plants (epiphytes) and tied together with vines (lianas). The canopy is home to 90% of the organisms found in the rain forest; many seeking the brighter light in the treetops. Understory Receiving only 2%-15% of the sunlight that falls on the canopy, the understory is a da
13、rk place. It is relatively open and contains young trees and leafy herbaceous plants that tolerate low light. Many popular house plants come from this layer. Only along rivers and roadways and in tree fall and cut areas is sunlight sufficient to allow growth to become thick and impenetrable Forest F
14、loor The forest floor receives less than 2% of the sunlight and consequently, little grows here except plants adapted to very low light. On the floor is a thin layer of fallen leaves, seeds, fruits, and branches that very quickly decomposes. Only a thin layer of decaying organic matter is found, unl
15、ike in temperate deciduous(落叶性的 ) forests. Soil and Nutrient Recycling Most tropical rainforest soils are relatively poor in nutrients. Millions of years of weathering and torrential rains have washed most of the nutrients out of the soil. More recent volcanic soils, however, can be very fertile. Tr
16、opical rain forest soils contain less organic matter than temperate forests and most of the available nutrients are found in the living plant and animal material. Nutrients in the soil are often in forms that are not accessible by plants. Constant warmth and moisture promote rapid decay of organic m
17、atter. When a tree dies in the rainforest, living organisms quickly absorb the nutrients before they have a chance to be washed away. When tropical forests are cut and burned, heavy rains can quickly wash the released nutrients away, leaving the soil even more impoverished. Causes of Destruction Tro
18、pical rainforests are being cut at an alarming rate. Although estimates vary, some scientists believe that we are losing an area of rainforest the size of Pennsylvania each year. If deforestation continues at this rate we may lose rainforests altogether within the next one hundred years. Tropical de
19、forestation occurs for a number of reasons. As human populations increase in tropical regions, people move away from the overcrowded cities into the forest areas where they practice small-scale farming. Commercial agricultural projects may require conversion of large plots of rainforest land and may
20、 cause more permanent damage. Logging of forests for firewood, charcoal, building materials, and other wood products is another cause of deforestation. The conversion of rainforest to pasture land for cattle ranching has led to the destruction of millions of acres of forest. Mining for gold, bauxite
21、 from which aluminum is made, and other minerals can lead to the drastic destruction of the land. Once the land is scarred by mining efforts it is left vulnerable to massive erosion. Other events and issues such as natural disasters, war, the construction of dams, and poverty in developing countries
22、 also contribute to the destruction of tropical rainforests. What Can You Do to Help Save the Tropical Rainforest? Preserving tropical rainforests involves more than just deciding not to cut trees. Social, political and economic factors all need to be taken into consideration. The following are some
23、 suggestions about how you can contribute to the solution. Learn more about tropical rainforests and the plants and animals, including people, which live there. Investigate the complex issues surrounding deforestation and possible solutions through further reading. Write letters to your congressiona
24、l representatives or your local paper to express concern about the destruction of the tropical rainforests. The more you know about the topic and issues, the more specific you can be in suggesting actions you would like your elected officials to take. Visit tropical countries to see the rainforest.
25、Gaining firsthand experience is one of the best ways to develop an understanding of and commitment to an issue. Work to protect tropical rainforests and their indigenous peoples. Think globally and act locally. Practices at home, like the ones listed below, can have an impact on the preservation of
26、rainforests. Recycling aluminum cans reduces the need for bauxite, which must be mined from the ground in tropical countries. Bauxite is the source of aluminum. Buy only pets which were captive bred here in the United States. Those which were not bred here may have been taken from the wild and impor
27、ted illegally from tropical countries. When purchasing tropical woods for furniture or construction, investigate the source of the wood to determine whether it was grown in a sustainable manner. In all things you do, practice the environmentally sound use and reuse of our resources. This will not on
28、ly have a positive impact on the tropical rainforest but on all the ecosystems of the world. 2 The passage gives a general description of the tropical rainforests. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Tropical rainforests comprise only 40% of the worlds tropical forests and only 20% of the worlds total forests.
29、（ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The ecosystem of the rainforest is based on the most complex interdependence of plants and animals. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The rainforests are home to one-third of the Earths plant and animal species. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The giant trees above the dense canopy layer(树冠层 )
30、 cannot enjoy sunlight. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 When people cut and burn tropical forests, heavy rains can wash the released nutrients away, leaving the soil even more fertile. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Tropical rain forest soils contain less volcanic soils than temperate forests. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） N
31、G 9 Commercial agricultural projects may require conversion of large plots of rainforest land and may cause_. 10 When purchasing tropical woods for furniture or construction, investigate the source of the wood to determine whether it was grown in_. 11 To preserve tropical rainforests, social, politi
32、cal and economic factors all need to be_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. A
33、fter each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She thinks a hair dryer is a good gift. （ B） She wants to know whats making all the noise. （ C） She isnt stare how practical the mans gift is. （
34、D） She cant hear anything when the hair dryer is on. （ A） It would do him good to go out for a while. （ B） He ought to do the first ten problems again. （ C） She could help him with the problems. （ D） He should be finished with the problems by two. （ A） The apartment was very dirty. （ B） He had his o
35、ld furniture cleaned. （ C） He found an apart with a big yard. （ D） The furniture was very inexpensive. （ A） He sometimes considers changing majors. （ B） Most people frequently change their minds. （ C） He rearranged his artwork a while ago. （ D） Everyones inside for a short time. （ A） Teacher. （ B） T
36、axi driver. （ C） Carpenter. （ D） Shoemaker. （ A） Hes been in the program for several days. （ B） He is working hard on the program. （ C） He works only during the day. （ D） He will probably never finish. （ A） It wont be any different from the others. （ B） It will be unusually mild. （ C） It wont affect
37、 the hunters. （ D） It will probably be cold. （ A） She would like some soup. （ B） Shes inviting the man to lunch. （ C） She wants to know if the man likes chicken. （ D） She ate lunch earlier. （ A） It needs cleaning. （ B） It needs regular servicing. （ C） It needs a new battery. （ D） It was mined by wat
38、er. （ A） $3.99. （ B） $5.50. （ C） $6.99. （ D） $9.50. （ A） The shop guarantees the battery for a year. （ B） The man will clean it at no extra charge. （ C） The man can repair watches very quickly. （ D） The shop is offering a special discount. （ A） They were always short of time. （ B） They were very for
39、getful. （ C） They were very frightened of flying. （ D） They often suffer from airsickness. （ A） A stamp. （ B） An envelope. （ C） Two tickets. （ D） Some flight insurance. （ A） He had to do everything in a great rush. （ B） It was his first flight, and he was very worried about it. （ C） He had forgotten
40、 to bring a stamp for his mothers letter. （ D） He was very worried about his mother. （ A） Your heart rate increases. （ B） You become even more tired. （ C） You solve the fatigue problem. （ D） Youll get hungry. （ A） Husband and wife. （ B） Old classmates. （ C） Desk mates. （ D） Members of the school foo
41、tball team. （ A） He is a language teacher in London. （ B） He is an Italian. （ C） He is a tourist giving his first visit to an Italian village. （ D） He is a Parisian. （ A） In London. （ B） In Paris. （ C） In a small Italian village. （ D） In a school five years ago. （ A） Forest speaks no English. （ B） G
42、loria was poor in remembering things. （ C） They cannot communicate in one language. （ D） They were lest in Paris. （ A） Do business in stores. （ B） Do business over networked computers. （ C） Buyers and sellers come together to exchange goods for money. （ D） Do business through mall order catalogs and
43、 telephone operators. （ A） Consumers can compare prices and make purchases without leaving their homes. （ B） E-commerce offers buyers convenience. （ C） Consumers can immediately obtain, a product or service. （ D） Consumers can test the comfort of an expensive item. （ A） Sellers can reassure the cons
44、umers that credit card transactions are secure. （ B） Sellers do not need to build staff. （ C） Sellers can easily market their products or services globally. （ D） Sellers do not need to maintain a store or print and distribute mail order catalogs. （ A） Customers can test the comfort of an expensive i
45、tem. （ B） Consumers are reluctant to buy some products online. （ C） Customers can enjoy going to a store or a shopping mall with friends or family. （ D） Consumers are reassured that their privacy is respected. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passa
46、ge is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the mis
47、sing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 34 Suicide has been a cause of【 B1】 _in mast societies for a long time. The【 B2】_Greeks, for example, required people who wanted to kill themselves to get【 B3】 _. from the senate. While this
48、law is not without humor by todays【 B4】 _, it clearly shows an【 B5】 _of the problem in times gone by. In todays society, suicide is much more【 B6】_than we want to admit. Why do people try to take their own lives? The【 B7】 _for suicide can be categorized into areas such as failure, wrath, the need fo
49、r attention, stress, and so on. However, the qualities of a person who wants to take his own life change from person to person, making it difficult to describe the【 B8】 _victim.【 B9】 _. In the United States, a network of centers has been created to attempt to prevent suicides.【 B10】 _. These workers often advice to the callers, trying to help the callers to see that suicide as a solution to problems is an illusion.【 B11】 _. So, in the area of man helping his fellow
