1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 313及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Lottery. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 彩票可能产生的益处； 2. 彩票可能造成的问题； 3. 如何正确对待彩票。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming an
2、d Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts
3、 the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Right and Left-handedness in Humans Why do humans, virtually alone among all animal species, display a distinct left-or right-handedness? Not even our closest relatives among the apes possess
4、such decided lateral asymmetry (不对称 ), as psychologists call it. Yet about 90 percent of every human population that has ever lived appears to have been right-handed. Professor Bryan Turner at Deakin University has studied the research literature on left-handedness and found that handedness goes wit
5、h sidedness. So nine out of ten people are right-handed and eight are right-footed. He noted that this distinctive asymmetry in the human population is itself systematic. Humans think in categories: black and white, up and down, left and fight. Its a system of signs that enables us to categorize phe
6、nomena that are essentially ambiguous (含糊不清的 ). Research has shown that there is genetic or inherited element to handedness. But while left- handedness tends to run in families, neither left nor fight handers will automatically produce off- spring with the same handedness; in fact about 6 percent of
7、 children with two fight-handed parents will be left-handed. However, among two left-handed parents, perhaps 40 percent of the children will also be left-handed. With one fight and one left-handed parent, 15 to 20 percent of the offspring will be left-handed. Even among identical twins who have exac
8、tly the same genes, one in six pairs will differ in their handedness. What then makes people left-handed if it is not simply genetic? Other factors must be at work and researchers have turned to the brain for clues. In .the 1860s the French surgeon and anthropologist (人类学家 ), Dr. Paul Broca, made th
9、e remarkable finding that patients who had lost their powers of speech as a result of a stroke (a blood clot in the brain) had paralysis (瘫痪 ) of the right half of their body. He noted that since the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right half of the body, and vice versa, the brain damage m
10、ust have been in the brains left hemisphere, Psychologists now believe that among right handed people, probably 95 percent have their language centre in the left hemisphere, while 5 percent have right-sided language. Left-handers, however, do not show the reverse pattern but instead a majority also
11、have left hemisphere language. Dr. Brinkman, a brain researcher at the Australian National University in Canberra, has suggested that evolution of speech went with right-handed preference. According to Brinkman, as the brain evolved, one side became specialized for free control of movement (necessar
12、y for producing speech) and along with this evolution came right-hand preference. According to Brinkman, most left-handers have left hemisphere dominance but also some capacity in the right hemisphere. She has observed that if a left-handed person is brain-damaged in the left hemisphere, the recover
13、y of speech is quite often better and this is explained by the fact that left-handers have a more bilateral (双边的 ) speech function. In her studies of macaque (猕猴 ) monkeys, Brinkman has noticed that primates (monkeys) seem to learn a hand preference from their mother in the first year of life but th
14、is could be one hand or the other. In humans, however, the specialization in function of the two hemispheres results in anatomical (人体的 ) differences; areas that are involved with the production of speech are usually larger on the left side than on the right. Since monkeys have not acquired the art
15、of speech, one would not expect to see such a variation but Brinkman claims to have discovered a trend in monkeys towards the asymmetry that is evident in the human brain, Two American researchers, Geschwind and Galaburda, studied the brains of human embryos and discovered that the left-right asymme
16、try exists before birth. But as the brain develops, a number of things can affect it. Every brain is initially female in its organization and it only becomes a male brain when the male foetus (胎儿 ) begins to secrete hormones, Geschwind and Galaburda knew that different parts of the brain mature at d
17、ifferent rates; the right hemisphere develops first, then the left. Moreover, a girls brain develops somewhat faster than that of a boy. So, if something happens to the brains development during pregnancy, it is more likely to be affected in a male and the hemisphere more likely to be involved is th
18、e left. The brain may become, less lateralized (单侧性的 ) and this in turn could result in left-handedness and the development of certain superior skills that have their origins in the left hemisphere such as logic, rationality and abstraction. It should be no surprise then that among mathematicians an
19、d architects, left-handers tend to be more common and there are more left-handed males than females. The results of this research may be some consolation to left-handers who have for centuries lived in a world designed to suit right-handed people. However, what is alarming, according to Mr. Charles
20、Moore, a writer and journalist, is the way the word “right“ reinforces its own virtue. Subliminally, he says, language tells people to think that anything on the right can be trusted while anything on the left is dangerous or even sinister (险恶的 ). However, as more research is undertaken on the cause
21、s of left handedness, attitudes towards left-handed people are gradually changing for the better. Indeed when the champion tennis player Ivan Lendl was asked what the single thing improve his game, he said he would like to become a left-hander. 2 On the whole, right-handed people make up about 90 pe
22、rcent of human population. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 If two parents are both left-handed, the possibility that their children will also be left-handed increases. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Identical twins have exactly the same genes and therefore they are the same in their handedness. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C）
23、NG 5 Psychologists have found that most left-handers have their language center in the right half of the brain. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The right and the left sides of human brain play equal role in terms of the production of speech. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 In general, left-handers are more likely t
24、o succeed in their careers. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 For quite a long time, there has been a negative attitude towards left-handed people. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 With one right and one left-handed parent,_ of the children will be left-handed. 10 Left-handers are more common to be found among_. 11 To
25、day, peoples attitude towards left-handers is changing_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spok
26、en only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He might lend her his extra pen. （ B） He might give her some ink. （ C） He might offer her a pencil. （ D） He might tell her to buy
27、a new pen. （ A） Once a week. （ B） Twice a week. （ C） Three times a week. （ D） Four times a week. （ A） Joan may have taken a wrong train. （ B） Joan wont come to the conference. （ C） Joan will miss the next conference. （ D） Joan may be late for the opening speech. （ A） He feels the Smiths have done a
28、clever thing. （ B） He thinks that it is unwise to invest all their money in stocks. （ C） He thinks the Smiths should buy stocks later. （ D） He thinks that the Smiths should move. （ A） The woman should get another job. （ B） The woman should be more patient. （ C） The woman congratulated the wrong pers
29、on. （ D） The woman was waiting in the wrong place. （ A） The transportation for the trip is free. （ B） The class dont enjoy going on the field trip. （ C） Some people may not go on the trip. （ D） All of the class members have paid the fee. （ A） Compare her own papers to others. （ B） Watch out for the
30、usual typing mistakes. （ C） Have someone else type her papers. （ D） Ask another person to check her papers. （ A） He did better than expected. （ B） He failed his test. （ C） He always gets excellent grades. （ D） He found his notes. （ A） He will have the final exam on that day. （ B） He has other papers
31、 to prepare. （ C） He has been iii for 4 days. （ D） He isnt able to borrow the textbook from the library. （ A） Prof. Brown. （ B） The Dean. （ C） The doctor. （ D） The assistant. （ A） After having the request signed by the doctor. （ B） After meeting Prof. Brown. （ C） After talking with the Dean. （ D） Af
32、ter meeting Mr. Cheng. （ A） The long distance between his home town and New York. （ B） His unpopular character. （ C） The high unemployment rate in New York. （ D） His criminal record. （ A） He wanted to be put in prison again. （ B） He needed the money to support his family. （ C） He hated the barber th
33、ere. （ D） He wanted to make himself well known. （ A） Mr. Spears enjoyed living in prison. （ B） Mr. Spears was known as a greedy man in his community. （ C） The police in New York were not very efficient. （ D） The only way for Mr. Spears to support his family was by going to prison again. （ A） To smok
34、e in a public place. （ B） To make a fool of oneself. （ C） To smoke when a girl is in the room. （ D） To spit in the street. （ A） She is Prof. Jamesons daughter. （ B） She works part-time as Prof. Jamesons secretary. （ C） She used to do the job herself. （ D） She just came out of an interview for the jo
35、b. （ A） It should be higher. （ B） Its satisfied. （ C） Its the same as the post office pays. （ D） It varies according to the persons experience. （ A） Make up homework problems. （ B） Do research in the library. （ C） Teach an introductory economics course. （ D） Grade homework sets and record them on th
36、e computer. （ A） He wonders if hell have enough time to do the job. （ B） He is afraid he wont know enough to do the job well. （ C） He fears that the job may be too boring. （ D） He thinks Prof. Jameson has someone else in mind. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At
37、 the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Because more and more people move into big new houses. （ B） Because many ol
38、d people sell their house after their children leave. （ C） Because people want to sell the old house to get money and build their own house. （ D） Because children often ask their parents to sell the old house. （ A） The roof always leaks. （ B） People are asked to redesign their house. （ C） People hav
39、e to maintain their house by themselves. （ D） They dont have enough money to make the first payment. （ A） The child seems sad. （ B） The child occasionally feels blue or down. （ C） His or her sadness lasts for a rather long period of time. （ D） He or she feels life has its ups and downs. （ A） Because
40、 psychologists and related persons can almost always cure it. （ B） Because its a period almost every childe must experience. （ C） Because it lasts a short period of time. （ D） Because more and more parents and doctors begin to attach importance to it. （ A） The child becomes angry easily. （ B） The ch
41、ild has trouble getting along with other kids. （ C） The childs performance in school is poor. （ D） The child talks too much in class. （ A） When your child occasionally complains about a physical discomfort like headache. （ B） When your child exhibits all the symptoms of depression. （ C） When the sym
42、ptoms interfere with your childs ability to function at home or in school. （ D） When your child grieves over a loss for days at a time. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general
43、 idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you
44、 have just heard or write down the 36 The idea of television, transmitting pictures through the air or over wires, has been around since the late 19th【 B1】 _. But it wasnt until 1925, when J. L. Baird, a Scottish【 B2】 _. became the first to electrically transmit moving pictures, that television beca
45、me a【 B3】 _. Bairds first television was a mechanical system consisting of several moving parts. It had a small【 B4】 _ onto which pictures were transmitted 10 times per second at 30 lines of resolution (分辨率 ). With the help of a photoelectric cell (光电管 ), bright and dim light were【 B5】 _ into an ele
46、ctrical signal and sent via radio waves. In June 1925, Baird transmitted the【 B6】 _ of a human face, winking and smiling from one room of the laboratory to another, without the aid of【 B7】 _ or wires. Television truly came into its own in the 1930s with the advent of the cathode-ray tube (阴极射线管 ), w
47、hich allowed for electronic line-by-line scanning of【 B8】 _. With the help of the Radio Corporation of America and an improved cathode-ray tube, the first all-electronic TV was demonstrated in 1932.【 B9】 _. As televisions evolution continues, high-definition (分辨率 ) digital TV is supposed to replace
48、todays 625-1ine sets with 1,050 or more lines of resolution.【 B10】 _. This trend has developed very fast.【 B11】 _. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are r
49、equired to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 47 There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interesting in spell
