1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 439及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 报告显示，当前学术造假是普遍现象 2. 学术造假会带来许多危害 3. 应该从法律和道德方面采取措施消除 “学术造假 ” 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15
2、 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the in
3、formation is not given in the passage. 1 The World in a Glass: Six Drinks That Changed History Tom Standage urges drinkers to savor the history of their favorite beverages along with the taste. The author of A History of the World in 6 Glasses (Walker Company, June 2005), Standage lauds the libation
4、s that have helped shape our world from the Stone Age to the present day. “The important drinks are still drinks that we enjoy today,” said Standage, a technology editor at the London-based magazine the Economist. “They are relics(纪念物 ) of different historical periods still found in our kitchens.” T
5、ake the six-pack, whose contents first fizzed at the dawn of civilization. Beer The ancient Sumerians, who built advanced city-states in the area of present-day Iraq, began fermenting(发酵 ) beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago. “When people started agriculture, the first crops they produced were
6、 barley or wheat. You consume those crops as bread and as beer,” Standage noted. “Its the drink associated with the dawn of civilization. Its as simple as that.” Beer was popular with the masses from the beginning. “Beer would have been something that a common person could have had in the house and
7、made whenever they wanted,” said Linda Bisson, a microbiologist at the Department of Viticulture and Enology at the University of California, Davis. “The guys who built the pyramids were paid in beer and bread,” Standage added. “It was the defining drink of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Everybody drank it.
8、 Today its the drink of the working man, and it was then as well.” Wine Wine may be as old or older than beer-though no one can be certain. Paleolithic humans probably sampled the first “wine”as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes. But producing and storing wine proved difficult for early c
9、ultures. “To make wine you have to have fresh grapes,” said Bisson, the UC Davis microbiologist. “For beer you can just store grain and add water to process it at any time.” Making wine also demanded pottery that could preserve the precious liquid. “Wine may be easier to make than beer, but its hard
10、er to store,” Bisson added.“For most ancient cultures it would have been hard to catch fermenting grape juice as wine on its way to becoming vinegar. ” Such caveats and the expense of producing wine helped the beverage quickly gain more cachet(威望 )than beer. Wine was originally associated with socia
11、l elites and religious activities. Wine snobbery may be nearly as old as wine itself. Greeks and Romans produced many grades of wine for various social classes. The quest for quality became an economic engine and later drove cultural expansion. “Once you had regions like Greece and Rome that could d
12、istinguish themselves as making good stuff, it gave them an economic boost,” Bisson said. “Beer just wasnt as special.” Spirits Hard liquor, particularly brandy and rum, placated(安抚 )sailors during the long sea voyages of the Age of Exploration, when European powers plied the seas during the 15th, 1
13、6th, and early 17th centuries. Rum played a crucial part of the triangular trade between Britain, Africa, and the North American colonies that once dominated the Atlantic economy. Standage also suggests that rum may have been more responsible than tea for the independence movement in Britains Americ
14、an colonies. “Distilling molasses for rum was very important to the New England economy,” he explained. “When the British tried to tax molasses, it struck at the heart of the economy. The idea ofno taxation without representationoriginated with molasses and sugar. Only at the end did it refer to tea
15、.” Great Britains longtime superiority at sea may also owe a debt to its navys drink of rum-based choice, grog(掺水烈酒 ), which was made a compulsory beverage for sailors in the late 18th century. “They would make grog with rum, water, and lemon or lime juice,” Standage said.“This improved the taste bu
16、t also reduced illness and scurvy. Fleet physicians thought that this had doubled the efficiency of the fleet.” Coffee The story of modern coffee starts in the Arabian Peninsula, where roasted beans were first brewed around 1000 A.D. Sometime around the 15th century coffee spread throughout the Arab
17、 world. “In the Arab world coffee rose as an alternative to alcohol, and coffeehouses as alternatives to taverns (酒馆 )-both of which are banned by Islam,” Standage said. When coffee arrived in Europe it was similarly hailed as an “anti-alcohol”that was quite welcome during the Age of Reason in the 1
18、8th century. “Just at the point when the Enlightenment is getting going, heres a drink that sharpens the mind,” Standage said. “The coffeehouse is the perfect venue(聚会地点 ) to get together and exchange ideas and information. The French Revolution started in a coffeehouse.” Coffee also fuelled commerc
19、e and had strong links to the rituals of business that remain to the present day. Lloyds of London and the London Stock Exchange were both originally coffeehouses. Tea Tea became a daily drink in China around the third century A. D. Standage says tea played a leading role in the expansion of imperia
20、l and industrial might in Great Britain many centuries later. During the 19th century, the East India Company enjoyed a monopoly on tea exports from China. “Englishmen around the world could drink tea, whether they were a colonial administrator in India or a London businessman,”Standage said. “The s
21、un never set on the British Empire-which meant that it was always teatime somewhere.” As the Industrial Revolution of 18th and 19th centuries gained steam, tea provided some of the fuel. Factory workers stayed alert during long, monotonous shifts thanks to welcome tea breaks. The beverage also had u
22、nintended health benefits for rapidly growing urban areas.“When you start packing people together in cities, its helpful to have a water-purification technology like tea,” which was brewed with boiling water, Standage explained. Coca-Cola In 1886 pharmacist John Stith Pemberton sold about nine Coca-
23、Colas a day. Today his soft drink is one of worlds most valuable brands-sold in more countries than the United Nations has members. “It may be the second most widely understood phrase in the world after OK”, Standage said. The drink has become a symbol of the United States-love it or hate it. Standa
24、ge notes that East Germans quickly reached for Cokes when the Berlin Wall fell, while Thai Muslims poured it out into the streets to show disdain for the U.S. in the days leading up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. “Coca-Cola encapsulates what happened in the 20th century: the rise of consumer capitali
25、sm and the emergence of America as a superpower,” Standage said.“Its globalization in a bottle.” While Coke may not always produce a smile, a survey by the Economist magazine (Standages employer), suggests that the soft drinks presence is a great indicator of happy citizens. When countries were poll
26、ed for happiness, as defined by a United Nations index, high scores correlated with sales of Coca-Cola. “Its not because Coke makes people happy, but because its sales happen in the dynamic free-market economies that tend to produce happy people,” Standage said. 2 The passage gives a brief descripti
27、on of the content of a new book, A History of the World in 6 Glasses. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The ancient Sumerians began fermenting beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Today beer is the drink of the working man, which was not the case before. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 G
28、reeks probably sampled the first “wine“ as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The caveats and the expense of producing wine helped it quickly gain more cachet than beer. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Standage suggests that tea may have been more responsible than rum for
29、the independence movement in Britains American colonies. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Coffee is the best drink according to Standage. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Sometime around the 15th century coffee spread throughout_. 10 During the 19th century, the monopoly on tea exports from China is_. 11 Coca-Cola ha
30、s become a symbol of_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question
31、there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The physics class is very difficult. （ B） The physics class is not given this term. （ C） The physics class is easier than people think. （ D） The physics class shoul
32、d be cancelled if possible. （ A） He was satisfied with his military service. （ B） It was the first time he had been abroad. （ C） He had never been on a warship. （ D） He had been on the warship before. （ A） Put ice on her foot. （ B） See a doctor at once. （ C） Give her foot a good rest. （ D） Take the
33、doctors advice. （ A） They broke down and could go no further. （ B） They havent achieved much. （ C） They have produced a general agreement. （ D） They havent started yet. （ A） The woman is out of shape. （ B） The woman doesnt need a new racket. （ C） The woman also needs new tennis shoes. （ D） The woman
34、 spent too much on her tennis shoes. （ A） He should make an apology to Mary. （ B） He may talk to Mary directly. （ C） He should excuse Marys behavior. （ D） He shouldnt always pull a long face. （ A） She didnt like the style. （ B） The coat didnt fit her. （ C） She couldnt afford it. （ D） The fabric felt
35、 uncomfortable. （ A） She has been on the trip herself and enjoyed it. （ B） She wouldnt consider going on the trip. （ C） She thinks the class is too advanced for the man. （ D） She thinks theres a good reason to go on the trip. （ A） She needs to do some research on industrial architecture. （ B） Albert
36、 Kahn is the womans most-respected architect. （ C） She is interested in his classical design and industrial design. （ D） Albert Kahn designed many grand factories all over the world. （ A） They were inefficient. （ B） They had wooden frames. （ C） They were spacious and airy. （ D） They didnt provide en
37、ough light. （ A） It made the buildings solid and fireproof. （ B） It decreased workers labor intensity. （ C） It shortened the construction period. （ D） It beautified the outlook of the buildings. 23 What are the two speakers talking about? （ A） Giving up smoking. （ B） Birth control of the family. （ C
38、） Plan for seeing a doctor. （ D） Arrangement for breaking engagement. 24 What is the mans reason for not giving up smoking? （ A） Smoking helps to lessen the pressure. （ B） Smoking helps him fall asleep quickly. （ C） He can get much happiness from smoking. （ D） Smoking brings more chances to make fri
39、ends. 25 What suggestion does the woman give the man to give up his smoking? （ A） See a doctor to get some help. （ B） Read books about the harm of smoking. （ C） Improve his self-controlling abilities. （ D） Receive mental health treatment. 26 What can we conclude from the end of the conversation? （ A
40、） Smoking is the only bad habit the man should change. （ B） She doesnt love the man as deep as before. （ C） She doesnt want to have a baby if the man smokes. （ D） Maybe she will leave the man if he continues to smoke. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end
41、of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. 27 What does the speaker say about cola in the past? （ A） It started out as a soft drink.
42、 （ B） It was first a cure for headaches. （ C） It tasted bitter and no one liked it. （ D） It was sold to patients only. 28 What should customers do before drinking the sugar liquid? （ A） Heat it. （ B） Add oil to it. （ C） Shake it gently. （ D） Mix it with water. 29 How did the customer feel after he d
43、runk the mix? （ A） It tasted bitter. （ B） It tasted good. （ C） It was strange. （ D） It was sweet. 30 What do we learn about todays cola? （ A） It tastes the same as the past. （ B） It is not refreshing now. （ C） It cant cure headaches. （ D） It is much cheaper than before. 31 How does the speaker feel
44、about Tokyo? （ A） Convenient. （ B） Clean. （ C） Crowded. （ D） Lovely. 32 Why is it difficult to walk in the streets near Ginza? （ A） There are too many people. （ B） People are impolite. （ C） The streets are not wide enough. （ D） Every one is in a rush. 33 What does the speaker tell us about the futur
45、e of robots? （ A） It will be long before robots can be used at home. （ B） It will be very expensive to use robots in the future. （ C） Robots will take over all the jobs in industry. （ D） Robots will be used only in large factories. 34 What did Elvis Presley succeed in? （ A） Opera music. （ B） Drama.
46、（ C） Country music. （ D） Polities. 35 Why is the world stuck on Elvis Presley? （ A） He had innate talent for music. （ B） He was the richest singer in America. （ C） He symbolizes the American dream. （ D） He stands for the new generation. 36 How do the fans respond to Elvisdrug dependency and other ex
47、cessive behavior? （ A） They regret for them. （ B） They just ignore them. （ C） They sharply criticize them. （ D） They follow his behavior. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its gener
48、al idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words y
49、ou have just heard or write down the 36 If you are hungry, what do yon do?【 B1】 _a piece of your favorite meal and stay quiet after that? Just like your【 B2】 _, even your mind is hungry. But it never lets you know, because you keep it busy thinking about your dream lover, favorite star and many such ridiculous things. When a mind【 B3】 _its freedom to grow, creativity gets a full stop. Hunger of the mind can be actually satiated(满足 )through【 B4】 _reading. Now why reading and not watch
