1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 134及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about an invention which you think is the most significant in modem times. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A）
2、He likes Paris a lot. （ B） He doesnt know French. （ C） He is good at French. （ D） He is a Frenchman. （ A） It was held in China. （ B） It was about setting up a factory. （ C） It has got a new board. （ D） It was unsuccessful. （ A） Persuade him to quit smoking. （ B） Find a new job for him. （ C） Ask him
3、to be independent. （ D） Tell him how to work. （ A） She is looking for a bus stop. （ B） She is heading for a place. （ C） She hates taking a walk. （ D） She knows the way herself. （ A） To buy a new map. （ B） To ask another person. （ C） To go with her. （ D） To find the library himself. （ A） His sister.
4、（ B） His father. （ C） His mother. （ D） His brother. （ A） Getting ready for the exams. （ B） Taking the final exams. （ C） Seeing somebody else. （ D） Preparing for something unknown. （ A） She is looking for Linda. （ B） Linda is staying with Mike. （ C） She doesnt know where Mike is. （ D） Mike is waiting
5、 for Linda. （ A） There are few honest people. （ B） It takes long time to find honest friends. （ C） People wont be honest until they know you. （ D） It will be long before you can really tell. （ A） They can be good friends. （ B） They are humorous. （ C） They are never serious. （ D） They like playing jo
6、kes. （ A） They have the same friends. （ B） They have different ideas about people. （ C） They have the same characteristics. （ D） They like changes in their lives. （ A） He looks older than he really is. （ B） He is the only math teacher in school. （ C） He is not young enough to teach math. （ D） His te
7、aching style is not fascinating. （ A） There is no need to prepare for exams. （ B） Using English is more important than memorizing. （ C） Passing the class is not an easy thing. （ D） Complex words shouldnt be used often. （ A） She will learn well because of her passion for it. （ B） She will pass the ex
8、am because the teacher says so. （ C） She needs some more time to know about it. （ D） She should put more efforts into her lessons. （ A） The woman doesnt really like her English teacher. （ B） The English teacher is not responsible at all. （ C） The woman doesnt like too much homework. （ D） The woman s
9、hould review her lessons today. Section B （ A） They make up half of your grade. （ B） They take little time to accomplish. （ C） They are of great help to an exam. （ D） They may turn concepts into knowledge. （ A） They spend little time on them. （ B） They google them on the Internet. （ C） They read the
10、m mainly before exams. （ D） They take lecture notes on them. （ A） They are confident with themselves. （ B） It helps them focus intensely. （ C） They want to review what theyve learned in the break. （ D） It takes them little time to master what theyve learned. （ A） It cant be stopped but can be revers
11、ed. （ B） It cant be reversed but can be slowed. （ C） It cant be slowed but can be reversed. （ D） It cant be slowed but can be stopped. （ A） Bones become weaker and break easily. （ B） Bone material changes with time. （ C） The back bones press closer together. （ D） Cushions between bones break down. （
12、 A） Compression fractures cause the collapse of back bones. （ B） Bone material is lost and cannot be replaced any more. （ C） Bones become smaller and weaker and collapse easily. （ D） Cushions get compressed with the increased gravity. （ A） He is a young man with the size of a baby. （ B） He is the sh
13、ortest living man in the world. （ C） He is the 57th person recorded in Guinness history. （ D） He is 21.5 centimeters in height. （ A） To get married. （ B） To see a doctor. （ C） To find a job in Nepal. （ D） To meet the prime minister. （ A） He has never been ill till now. （ B） He hasnt had any injuries
14、. （ C） He has some health problems now. （ D） He stopped growing because of disease. （ A） Mainly rice and vegetables. （ B） Mainly rice and meat. （ C） Occasionally rice and vegetables. （ D） Occasionally meat and vegetables. Section C 26 Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different nee
15、ds. The【 B1】_form of business is called an individual or sole business. The businessman owns all of the property of the business and is【 B2】 _everything. For legal purposes, with this kind of business, the owner and the company are the same. This means the businessman gets to keep all of the profits
16、 of the business, but must also【 B3】 _. Another kind of business is the partnership. Two or more people go into business together. An【 B4】 _is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls. One kind of partnership is called a limited liability(责任 )partnership. These have
17、full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also have less responsibility for the business. Doctors, lawyers and【 B5】 _often form partnerships to share their risks and profits. A husband and wife can form a business partnership together. Partne
18、rships【 B6】 _only for as long as the owners remain alive. The same is true of individual business. But corporations are【 B7】 _to have an unlimited lifetime. A corporation is the most complex kind of business organization. Corporations can sell stock as a way to【 B8】 _. Stock represents shares of own
19、ership in a company. Investors who buy stock can【 B9】_their shares or keep them as long as the company is in business. A company might use some of its【 B10】 _to pay dividends(红利 )as a reward to shareholders. Or the company might reinvest the money back into the business. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 3
20、0 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 When I first moved to New York, it once took me two hours to get from Park Slope to Lower Manhattan in a snow storm. I think I ended up on every line【 C1】 _, including the G line that day. Up until this winter I hadnt had an
21、【 C2】 _until a couple of weeks ago when there was some problem in Brooklyn. Usually the 96th Street station in Manhattan does not get nearly as【 C3】 _as 72nd Street. It took seven trains, with【 C4】 _of people racing back and forth across the platforms as trains were being【 C5】 _in and out of service
22、 before I was able to squeeze into a train that actually was in service. At the next stop a man shoved his way in,【 C6】 _smashing me against the pole. Im five feet tall and he was six feet tall and【 C7】 _me by at least 90 pounds. I braced(抵住 )my arm against the pole【 C8】 _a move I learned in Brazili
23、an Jiu Jitsu(巴西柔术 )so I wouldnt be crushed a second time if he did it again. He did do it again, slamming himself against my elbow. Of course he accused me of elbowing him when he was the one who【 C9】 _into me. He was so mad that the guys backpack was sticking out of the door that he smashed the guy
24、s backpack slamming the door open and closed 10 times in【 C10】 _. Subway rage was clearly at a peak on that day. A)adopting I)literally B)approaching J)masses C)available K)outweighed D)crowded L)pinned E)declared M)possible F)equivalent N)slammed G)immediately O)succession H)incident 37 【 C1】 38 【
25、C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Creative Destruction of Higher Education A)Higher education is one of the great successes of the welfare country. What was once the privilege of a few has become a middle-class entitlement, thanks mainly to gov
26、ernment support. Some 3. 5 million Americans and 5 million Europeans will graduate this summer. In the modern world universities are developing rapidly: China has added nearly 30 million places in 20 years. Yet the business has changed little since Aristotle taught at the Athenian Lyceum(雅典学园 ): you
27、ng students still gather at a specific time and place to listen to the wisdom of scholars. B)At present, a revolution has begun, thanks to three forces: rising costs, changing demand and new technology. The result will be the complete change of the university. While the prices of cars, computers and
28、 much else have greatly fallen, universities have been able to charge ever more for the same service because they are protected by public funding and the high value employers place on degrees. For two decades the cost of going to college in America has risen by 1.6 percentage points more than inflat
29、ion every year. C)For most students, the university remains a great deal. The total lifetime income from obtaining a college degree, in net-present-value(净现值 )terms, can increase as much as $590,000. But an increasing number of students have gone deep into debt, especially the 47% in America and 28%
30、 in Britain who do not complete their course. As for them, the degree by no means values for that sum of money. And the government becomes more and more unwilling to fund the university. In America government funding per student fell by 27% between 2007 and 2012, while average tuition fees, adjusted
31、 for inflation, rose by 20% . In Britain, tuition fees close to zero two decades ago can reach $ 15,000 a year. D)The second factor resulting in change is the labor market. In the standard model of higher education, people go to university in their 20s. A degree is an entry ticket to the professiona
32、l classes. But automation is beginning to have the same effect on white-collar jobs as it has on blue-collar ones. According to a study from Oxford University, 47% of occupations are at risk of being automated in the next few decades. As innovation wipes out some jobs and changes others, people will
33、 need to top up their human capital all through their lives. E)By themselves, these two forces would be pushing change. A third technologyensures it. The internet, which has turned businesses from newspapers through music to book sale upside down, will turn over higher education. Now the MOOC, or “
34、Massive Open Online Course“, is offering students the chance to listen to star lecturers and get a degree for a fraction of the cost of attending a university. MOOCs started in 2008: however, they have so far failed to live up to their promise. Largely because there is no formal system of accreditat
35、ion(认证 ), drop-out rates have been high. But this is changing as private investors and existing universities are drawn in. One provider, Coursera, claims over 8 million registered users. Though its courses are free, it received its first $ 1 million in incomes last year after introducing the option
36、to pay a fee of between $ 30 and $ 100 to have course results certified. Another, Udacity, has teamed up with AT&T and Georgia Tech to offer an online masters degree in computing, at less than a third of the cost of the traditional version. Harvard Business School will soon offer an online “pre-MBA“
37、 for $ 1,500. Starbucks has offered to help pay for its staff to take online degrees with Arizona State University. F)MOOCs will destroy different universities in different ways. Not all will suffer. Oxford and Harvard could benefit. People of great ambition will always want to go to the best univer
38、sities to meet each other, and the digital economy tends to favor a few large institutions in charge of its operation. The big names will be able to sell their MOOCs around the world. But ordinary universities may suffer the fate of many newspapers. Were the market for higher education to perform in
39、 future as that for newspapers has done over the past decade or two, universities incomes would fall by more than half, employment in the industry would drop by nearly 30% and more than 700 institutions would shut their doors. The rest would need to achust themselves to survive. G)Like all revolutio
40、ns, the one taking place in higher education will have victims. Many towns and cities rely on universities. In some ways MOOCs will further make the difference both among students and among teachers. The talented students will be much more comfortable than the weaker outside the structured universit
41、y environment. Superstar lecturers will earn a fortune, to the anger of their less charming colleagues. H)Politicians will come under pressure to halt this revolution. They should remember that state spending should benefit society as a whole, not protect professors from competition. The change of u
42、niversities will benefit many more people than it hurts. Students in the rich world will have access to higher education at lower cost and greater convenience. The flexible nature of MOOCs appeals to older people who need training. EdX, another provider, says that the average age of its online stude
43、nts in America is 31. In the modern world online courses also offer a way for countries like Brazil to go ahead Western ones and supply higher education much more cheaply. And education has now become a global market: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered Battushig Myanganbayar, a rem
44、arkably talented Mongolian teenager, through an online electronics course. I)Rather than maintaining the old model, governments should make the new one work better. They can do so by supporting common standards for accreditation. In Brazil, for instance, students completing courses take a government
45、-run exam. In most Western countries it would likewise make sense to have a single, independent organization that certifies exams. Changing an ancient institution will not be easy. But it does promise better education for many more people. Rarely have need and opportunity so neatly come together. 47
46、 The introduction of automation affects the labor demand and then brings about the revolution of higher education. 48 The weaker students and the less attractive teachers will suffer from the innovation of higher education. 49 MOOCs are improving in that private investors and existing universities a
47、re engaged in them. 50 As for those students who do not complete their course, the university degree is definitely not worth $590,000. 51 Despite a rapid increase in the number of university graduates, higher education has had little difference since its beginning. 52 Governments are supposed to sup
48、port common standards to certify online courses of higher education. 53 In order to avoid the failure, ordinary universities need to adapt themselves to live through the digital economy. 54 Thanks to online courses, students may approach higher education much more cheaply and conveniently. 55 Due to
49、 the protection of public funding and the employers emphasis on degrees, university students in America pay for a rising expense. 56 Mostly because of the lack of formal recognition, the rates of quitting on MOOCs have been high. Section C 56 Millions of teenagers are in danger of putting their health at risk by getting hooked on e-cigarettes, experts warn. Leading health researchers say they are “very concerned“ by the growing number of youngsters trying
