1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 182及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of appeal calling for student participation in an aid-education project in Western areas following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180
2、words. 1市教委组织了一次西部支教的活动，学生会呼吁大学生积极参与 2活动的时间、要求及作用 A Call for Participation in an Aid-education Project Section A （ A） To hold some celebrations on World Food Day. （ B） To take action and cope with world hunger. （ C） To launch fund-raising events for poor countries. （ D） To advertise a world without
3、hunger online. （ A） Appealed to the global community to fight hunger. （ B） Worked with the press to launch a social protection program. （ C） Encouraged people to post Zero Hunger on social media. （ D） Held celebrating events in major cities of the U.S. （ A） Introduction of the World Cup history. （ B
4、） The great excitement during the game days. （ C） The traffic conditions in New York City. （ D） The business conditions during the World Cup. （ A） Market crowds kept the business going. （ B） Social networks helped inform restaurants special offers. （ C） The ads on the internet spent $1.5 billion. （
5、D） The beers were 20 and 30 percent off. （ A） Gender equality. （ B） Womens marriage. （ C） Gender discrimination. （ D） Paid maternity leave. （ A） They enjoy the same rights with men. （ B） They are often forced to marry at a young age. （ C） They have such rights as education and voting. （ D） They usua
6、lly dont work after marriage. （ A） French women have the longest maternity leave. （ B） Few countries guarantee gender equality in constitutions. （ C） Afghanistans constitution guarantees gender equality. （ D） All countries around the world offer paid maternity leave. Section B （ A） With computer ski
7、ll. （ B） With job experience. （ C） With a major in English. （ D） With multiple skills. （ A） She felt discouraged. （ B） She was given an interview. （ C） She has found a job. （ D） She wasnt good at English. （ A） He speaks good English and has interest in business. （ B） He has worked in an import-expor
8、t company for years. （ C） Some of his classmates have found jobs in that area. （ D） He is familiar with the software Word Perfect. （ A） He will call on the general manager. （ B） His classmates will do him a favor. （ C） The womans friend will help him. （ D） He will find it all by himself. （ A） She wa
9、s doing housework. （ B） She was reading Jane Eyre. （ C） She was absorbed in a movie. （ D） She was talking with her sisters. （ A） Emily. （ B） Charlotte. （ C） Anne. （ D） Jane. （ A） He might have been spoiled. （ B） He wasnt promoted. （ C） He didnt have his own picture. （ D） He was looked down upon. （ A
10、） Their settings were in the 19th century. （ B） They were stories about inequality. （ C） They settled historical problems. （ D） They were published in pen names. Section C （ A） Exposure to excessive noise. （ B） Lack of rest. （ C） Unpreventable accident. （ D） Intense work pressure. （ A） Moderate nois
11、e is harmless. （ B） Sound above 80 decibels can hurt hearing. （ C） Noise can make people feel stressed. （ D） There is no noise on campus. （ A） Do medical checkup regularly. （ B） Avoid making noise. （ C） Limit exposure to harmful noise. （ D） Live in the place without noises. （ A） Measure damaging noi
12、ses on campus. （ B） Make a list of campus noises. （ C） Figure out how to fight against noise. （ D） Explain the concept of noise. （ A） It costs no more than the normal construction. （ B） It does a poor job of facing extreme weather. （ C） It holds up much better to extreme weather. （ D） It impacts wea
13、ther changes and the economy. （ A） Wildfires. （ B） Famine. （ C） Flood. （ D） Plague. （ A） Make people come up with rough numbers and estimates. （ B） Make people use less energy and generate fewer gases. （ C） Help scientists figure out what the future will bring. （ D） Encourage companies to emit more
14、carbon dioxide. （ A） You will be delighted. （ B） You will not be affected. （ C） You may feel depressed. （ D） You will feel lonely. （ A） Social bonds will stay steady. （ B） One will lose many friends. （ C） People can make friends more easily （ D） A social network will be destroyed. （ A） Transmit happ
15、y feelings to others. （ B） Reach out to people who need help. （ C） Pay more attention to lonely people. （ D） Interact with a happy person frequently. Section A 26 Would you be happier if you spent more time discussing the state of the world and the meaning of life and less time talking about the wea
16、ther? It may sound counterintuitive (违反直觉的 ), but people who spend more of their day having deep discussions and less time engaging in small talk seem to be happier, said Matthias Mehl, a psychologist at the University of Arizona who published a study on the【 C1】 _. “We found this so interesting, be
17、cause it could have gone the other way it could have been, Dont worry, be happy as long as you surf on the【 C2】 _level of life youre happy, and if you go into the essential depths youll be unhappy,“ Dr. Mehl said. But, he【 C3】 _, deep conversation seemed to hold the【 C4】 _to happiness for two main r
18、easons: both because human beings are driven to find and create【 C5】 _in their lives, and because we are social animals who want and need to【 C6】 _with other people. “By engaging in meaningful conversations, we manage to impose meaning on a(n)【 C7】 _pretty chaotic world,“ Dr. Mehl said. “And interpe
19、rsonally, as you find this meaning, you bond with your interactive partner, and we know that interpersonal connection and integration is a core【 C8】 _foundation of happiness.“ Dr. Mehls study was small and doesnt【 C9】 _a cause-and-effect relationship between the kind of conversations one has and one
20、s happiness. But thats the【 C10】_next step, when he will ask people to increase the number of deep conversations they have each day and cut back on small talk, and vice versa. A) calculated E) fundamental I) nevertheless M) prove B) connect F) key J) otherwise N) shallow C) contact G) love K) planne
21、d O) subject D) fantastic H) meaning L) proposed 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Are Bad Economic Times Good for Health? A Most people are worried about the health of the economy. But does the economy also affect your health? It
22、 does, but not always in ways you might expect. The data on how an economic downturn influences an individuals health are surprisingly mixed. Its clear that long-term economic gains lead to improvements in a populations overall health, in developing and industrialized societies alike. B But whether
23、the current economic downturn will take a toll on your own health depends, in part, on your health habits when times are good. And economic studies suggest that people tend not to take care of themselves in boom times drinking too much (especially before driving), dining on fat-filled restaurant mea
24、ls and skipping exercise and doctors appointments because of work-related time commitments. C “The value of time is higher during good economic times,“ said Grant Miller, an assistant professor of medicine at Stanford. “So people work more and do less of the things that are good for them, like cooki
25、ng at home and exercising: and people experience more stress due to the severity of hard work during booms.“ D Similar patterns have been seen in some developing nations. Dr. Miller, who is studying the effects of fluctuating coffee prices on health in Colombia, says that even though falling prices
26、are bad for the economy, they appear to improve health and decrease death rates. When prices are low, laborers have more time to care for their children. “When coffee prices suddenly rise, people work harder on their coffee plots and spend less time doing things around the home, including things tha
27、t are good for their children,“ he said. “Because the things that matter most for infant and child health in rural Colombia arent expensive, but require a substantial amount of time such as breast-feeding, bringing clean water from far away, taking your child to a distant health clinic for free vacc
28、inations (接种疫苗 ) infant and child death rates rise.“ E In this country, a similar effect appeared in the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression, according to a 2007 paper by Dr. Miller and colleagues in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The data seem to contradict research in the 1
29、970s suggesting that in hard times there are more deaths from heart disease, cirrhosis (肝硬化 ), suicide and murder, as well as more admissions to mental hospitals. But those findings have not been repeated, and several economists have pointed out flaws in the research. F In May 2000, the Quarterly Jo
30、urnal of Economics published a surprising paper called “Are Recessions Good for Your Health?“ by Christopher J. Ruhm, professor of economics at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro, based on an analysis measuring death rates and health behavior against economic shifts and jobless rates from
31、1972 to 1991. Dr. Ruhm found that death rates declined sharply in the 1974 and 1982 recessions, and increased in the economic recovery of the 1980s. An increase of one percentage point in state unemployment rates correlated with a 0.5 percentage point decline in the death rate or about 5 fewer death
32、s per 100,000 people. Over all, the death rate fell by more than 8 percent in the 20-year period of mostly economic decline, led by drops in heart disease and car crashes. G The economic downturn did appear to take a toll on factors having less to do with prevention and more to do with mental well-b
33、eing and access to health care. For instance, cancer deaths rose 23 percent, and deaths from flu and pneumonia increased slightly. Suicides rose 2 percent, homicides 12 percent. H The issue that may matter most in an economic crisis is not related to jobs or income, but whether the slump widens the
34、gap between rich and poor, and whether there is an adequate health safety net available to those who have lost their jobs and insurance. During a decade of economic recession in Japan that began in the 1990s, people who were unemployed were twice as likely to be in poor health as those with secure j
35、obs. During Perus severe economic crisis in the 1980s, infant deaths jumped 2.5 percentage points about 17,000 more children who died as public health spending and social programs collapsed. I In August, researchers from the Free University of Amsterdam looked at health studies of twins in Denmark.
36、They found that individuals bom in a recession were at higher risk for heart problems later in life and lived, on average, 15 months less than those born under better conditions. Gerard J. van den Berg, an economics professor who was a co-author of the study, said babies in poor households suffered
37、the most in a recession, because their families lacked access to good health care. Poor economic conditions can also cause stress that may interfere with parent bonding and childhood development, he said. He noted that other studies had found that recessions can benefit babies by giving their parent
38、s more time at home. J “This scenario (情况 ) may be relevant for well-to-do families where one of the parents loses a job and the other still brings in enough money,“ he said. “But in a crisis where the family may have to face huge housing-cost losses and the household income is insufficient for adeq
39、uate nutrition and health care, the disadvantageous effects of being born in a recession seem much more relevant.“ K In the USA, there are already signs of the economys effect on health. In May, the market research firm Information Resources reported that 53 percent of consumers said they were cooki
40、ng more than they did just six months before in part, no doubt, because of the rising cost of prepared foods. At the same time, health insurance costs are rising. With premiums and co-payments, the average employee with insurance pays nearly one-third of medical costs about twice as much as four yea
41、rs ago, according to Paul H. Keckley, executive director of the Deloitte Center for Health Solutions. L In the United States, which unlike other industrialized nations lacks a national health plan, the looming recession may take a greater toll. About 46 million Americans lack health insurance, Dr. K
42、eckley says, and even among the 179 million who have it, an estimated 1 in 7 would be bankrupted by a single health crisis. The economic downturn “is not good news for the health care industry,“ he said. “There may be something positive, but I think this needs pondering.“ 37 Gerard J. van den Berg n
43、oted that recessions can benefit babies born in well-to-do families. 38 For the family whose income is not sufficient for adequate health care, recession has negative effects on the children, rather than benefits them. 39 The rise of child and infant death rates in Colombia is usually the result of
44、parents lack of time. 40 During the economic downturns in 1974 and 1982, death rate decreased dramatically in the US. 41 During the decade of recession in Japan, compared with those with secure jobs, the unemployed were more likely to fall ill. 42 Partly due to the rising price of prepared foods in
45、the US, more than half of people now prefer to cook at home. 43 There is no national health plan in the United States. 44 It is shown in economic studies that, people in boom times tend to exercise less. 45 Long-term economic prosperity is helpful for a populations overall health in developing count
46、ries. 46 In August researchers found that those who were born during a recession were more likely to develop heart problems than those who were born under better conditions. Section C 46 Although the stigma (耻辱 ) once associated with mental illness has gradually gone away in recent years, most of th
47、e Americans who have clinical depression still dont get treated for it, partly because many are too embarrassed to go to a psychologist. In fact, the majority of depressed people who seek professional help turn first not to a psychologist but to their primary-care physician. But do regular doctors r
48、eally know how to identify depression? A large new scientific review suggests they dont. In a review of 41 previous studies, the authors found that general practitioners make frequent mistakes, missing true cases of depression about half the time and incorrectly diagnosing it in 19% of healthy peopl
49、e. Alex Mitchell, Amol Vaze and Sanjay Rao of Leicester General Hospital in the U.K. estimate that about 1 in 5 people in developed nations will experience depression in their lifetime. That means that among a general patient population of 100, about 20 will develop the condition, but the typical doctor will find it in only 10 of those who have it. And among the 80 healthy people, the doctor will incorrectly identify depression in 15. This is significant because dep
