1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 67及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Importance of Waste Sorting. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. 1目前，一些城市开始推行垃圾分类 2垃圾分类的重要性 3
2、为此，我们应该 The Importance of Waste Sorting Section A （ A） Buy his daughter new shoes. （ B） Listen to his daughters music. （ C） Respect his daughters opinion. （ D） Have a passion on music. （ A） To buy cheeseburgers. （ B） To buy tomato sauce. （ C） To buy hot dogs. （ D） To buy potato sauce. （ A） Go to the
3、 church with the man. （ B） Go to a Christmas party. （ C） Buy something special for supper. （ D） Have a meal with her friend. （ A） Sophia likes David very much. （ B） Sophia always surprises everyone. （ C） David likes following Sophia. （ D） David often breaks Sophias heart. （ A） Their car is lemon col
4、or. （ B） Their car is too bad. （ C） He wants to eat a lemon. （ D） He wants to go home. （ A） Buy a present. （ B） Listen to a record. （ C） Buy some beans. （ D） Keep a secret. （ A） Ask for advice on make-up. （ B） Treat lines and wrinkles. （ C） Buy skin care products. （ D） Design a collection of skin cr
5、eam. （ A） The womans husband is a big soccer fan. （ B） The womans husband never eats or sleeps. （ C） The man doesnt like the womans lover. （ D） The man is so crazy about watching soccer. （ A） Because it is opening new branches. （ B） Because it is short of workers. （ C） Because it dismissed some inex
6、perienced workers. （ D） Because it is running new businesses. （ A） About 10 months. （ B） No more than one year. （ C） About 4 years. （ D） About 3 months. （ A） She worked as an accountant for 3 years. （ B） She is quite good at computing. （ C） She took a course on accounting 3 years ago. （ D） She did s
7、everal full-time jobs before. （ A） She has to work six days a week. （ B） She must start working immediately. （ C） The salary is no less than $ 2,000 each month. （ D） She will attend further interview tomorrow. （ A） Because she wants to quit her research on Shakespeare. （ B） Because she finds it diff
8、icult to finish her paper. （ C） Because she wants to deepen her research on Shakespeare. （ D） Because she intends to borrow something from the professor. （ A） Surfing the Internet to get some information. （ B） Reading more books about Shakespeares life. （ C） Collecting letters written by Shakespeare
9、. （ D） Knowing more about Shakespeares family. （ A） The amount of the collected information. （ B） The originality of the idea put forward. （ C） How well the paper is written. （ D） How early the paper is handed in. Section B （ A） People learn more about the problem of pollution. （ B） Firms, individua
10、ls and governments make more efforts. （ C） Scientists analyze the underlying reasons of pollution. （ D） Litter and waste should be controlled at home. （ A） Resource wastes. （ B） A shortage of water. （ C） Poor public health. （ D） Food safety problems. （ A） By persuading people to buy a lot of things
11、in the sales promotion. （ B） By publicizing products with beautiful but useless packages. （ C） By informing people of carelessly disposing of useless products. （ D） By convincing people to buy what they dont need and throw them away. （ A） People quit their mother tongue but speak in other languages.
12、 （ B） Kids dont learn the local language of their parents any more. （ C） People stop talking to each other but writing it down. （ D） A unified language is widely used all over the world. （ A） The more powerful a culture is, the less minority languages it has. （ B） Culture spreads out through the for
13、m of language. （ C） Language and culture of the ethnic minorities will be vanished. （ D） Languages come into being when culture becomes stronger. （ A） Many languages are in danger of dying off. （ B） Most of the worlds languages are not represented on the Internet. （ C） Languages are closely related
14、with the natural world. （ D） Languages contain precious local information and are culture-related. （ A） Send their children to public colleges and universities. （ B） Make investment in private investment companies. （ C） Begin college savings plan at childrens younger age. （ D） Put money into stocks,
15、 bonds or other investments. （ A） They were named after the state tax law in 1996. （ B） They are governed by different rules in every state. （ C） They are free of taxes in fifty states. （ D） They will be revised by the end of 2016. （ A） It makes college education paid in advance. （ B） It will be car
16、ried out in the family with a child. （ C） It is good for public and private universities. （ D） It makes an account shared by two children. （ A） They can transfer the money to another family with a college student. （ B） They can shift the money for the education of their another family member. （ C） T
17、hey can take back the money with the earnings in taxes. （ D） They can turn to financial advisers for family financial plans. Section C 26 In the American family, the husband and wife usually share important decision-making. When the children are old enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are oft
18、en【 B1】 _by the permissiveness of American parents. The old rule that “children should be seen and not heard“ is【 B2】 _followed, and children are often allowed to do what they wish without strict parental(父母的 )control. The father seldom expects his children to【 B3】 _him without question, and childre
19、n are encouraged to be【 B4】 _at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this【 B5】 _too far. Others think that a strong father image would not suit the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans【 B6】 _the importance of independence, young people are expected
20、 to【 B7】 _their parental families by the time they have reached their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so【 B8】 _a failure, a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious problems for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expecte
21、d to live beyond the age of 70. The retirement age is usually 65. The children have left home, married and【 B9】_their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. But the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and
22、lonely with neither an【 B10】 _nor a close family group. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 New research shows girls who regularly have family meals are much less【 C1】_to adopt all kinds of extreme weight control【 C2】 _, such as vom
23、iting(催吐 ), using laxatives(泻药 )or diet pills. A study surveying more than 2,500 American high school students found that girls who ate five or more family meals a week had a much healthier relationship with food in later life. The research, published in international journal Archives of Pediatrics
24、and Adolescent Medicine, polled students aged 13 to 17 in 1999 who were【 C3】 _up five years later. Regular family meals were found to have a protective effect【 C4】 _of the girls age, weight, socio-economic status, dieting【 C5】 _or relationship with her family. Experts say doctors should encourage fa
25、milies to have dinner at the table instead of on the couch in front of the television to【 C6】 _against serious eating disorders. Belinda Dalton, director of eating disorders clinic The Oak House, said eating with family helped “normalise(正常化 )“ young peoples relationship with food. “ When adolescent
26、s are feeling that theyre not coping they turn to something that they can control and food is something【 C7】 _and accessible for them to control. Clearly, if theyre sitting with their family on a regular basis then their family can be more in control of their eating,“ Ms Dalton said. “ Its about you
27、ng people feeling connected with their family and that builds self-esteem and sense of worth and that can【 C8】 _very actively against someone developing an eating disorder. “ An eating disorders expert, Kirsty Greenwood, said meal times were often difficult for sufferers. “ It is【 C9】 _that they fee
28、l very ashamed of their eating habits and often wont eat with other people. Perhaps its because they havent【 C10】 _the importance of the family meal in their growing up,“ she said. A)available I)potential B)behaviors J)prohibit C)examined K)protect D)experienced L)regardless E)favorable M)tendencies
29、 F)followed N)typical G)habits O)work H)likely 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 How Your Language Affects Your Wealth and Health A)Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen o
30、f Yale Business School suggests so. The structure of languages affects our judgments and decisions about the future and this might have dramatic long-term consequences. B)There has been a lot of research into how we deal with the future. For example, the famous marshmallow(棉花软糖 )studies of Walter Mi
31、schel and colleagues showed that being able to resist temptation is predictive of future success. Four-year-old kids were given a marshmallow and were told that if they did not eat that marshmallow and waited for the experimenter to come back, they would get two marshmallows instead of one. Follow-u
32、p studies showed that the kids who were able to wait for the bigger future reward became more successful young adults. C)Resisting our impulses for immediate pleasure is often the only way to attain the outcomes that are important to us. We want to keep a slim figure but we also want that last slice
33、 of pizza. Some people are better at delaying satisfaction than others. Those people have a better chance of accumulating wealth and keeping a healthy life style. They are less likely to be impulse buyers or smokers. D)Chens recent findings suggest that an unlikely factor, language, strongly affects
34、 our future-oriented behavior. Some languages strongly distinguish the present and the future. Other languages only weakly distinguish the present and the future. Chens recent research suggests that people who speak languages that weakly distinguish the present and the future are better prepared for
35、 the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to maintain their health. The way these people conceptualize(概念化 )the future is similar to the way they conceptualize the present. As a result, the future does not feel very distant and it is easier for them to act in accordance with
36、their future interests. E)Different languages have different ways of talking about the future. Some languages, such as English, require their speakers to refer to the future explicitly. Every time English-speakers talk about the future, they have to use future markers such as “will“. In other langua
37、ges, such as Mandarin(汉语普通话 ), future markers are not obligatory. The future is often talked about similar to the way present is talked about and the meaning is understood from the context. Languages such as English constantly remind their speakers that future events are distant. For speakers of lan
38、guages such as Mandarin, future feels closer. As a consequence, resisting immediate impulses and investing for the future is easier for Mandarin speakers. F)Chen analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. This data includes peoples economic decisions, such as whether
39、they saved any money last year, the languages they speak at home, demographics(人口统计特征 ), and cultural factors such as “saving is an important cultural value for me“. He also analyzed individual-level data on peoples retirement assets, smoking and exercising habits, and general health in older age. L
40、astly, he analyzed national-level data that includes national savings rates, country GDP and GDP growth rates, country demographics, and proportions of people speaking different languages. G)Peoples savings rates are affected by various factors such as their income, education level, age, religious a
41、ffiliation(隶属关系 ), their countries legal systems, and their cultural values. After those factors were accounted for, the effect of language on peoples savings rates turned out to be big. Speaking a language that has obligatory future markers, such as English, makes people 30 percent less likely to s
42、ave money for the future. This effect is as large as the effect of unemployment. Being unemployed decreases the likelihood of saving by about 30 percent as well. H)Similar analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such as Mandarin, makes people accumulate
43、 more retirement assets, smoke less, exercise more, and generally be healthier in older age. Countries national savings rates are also affected by language. Having a larger proportion of people speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers makes national savings rates higher. I)Th
44、is is an unconventional way of explaining peoples consumption-saving decisions and health-related behavior. More conventional factors include dispositional(意向的 ), situational, motivational, and cultural factors. The marshmallow studies focus on dispositional factors being able to delay satisfaction
45、is an inherent ability. Other researches have looked at situational factors. For example, researchers have shown that simply rearranging the placement of food and beverages(饮料 )in a cafeteria can improve sales of healthy items. Other research has focused on motivational factors. People often need to
46、 curb their current desire to consume in order to reach their future goal of getting out of debt. Researchers have shown that closing smaller debt accounts first gives a sense of accomplishment early on, boosts motivation, and increases the likelihood of completely getting rid of debt. The motivatio
47、nal effect is beneficial even if closing off smaller debt accounts does not make economic sense, for instance when the bigger debt accounts have higher interest rates attached to them. Other research has investigated cultural factors. It has been argued that Americans spend more than they need to be
48、cause they want to emulate(仿效 )the lifestyles and spending patterns of people who are much richer than themselves. Chens findings suggest that maybe we should focus more on how we talk about the future in order to improve our intertemporal(跨期的 )decision making. J)These results also provide evidence
49、for the language-cognition link, which has stirred some controversy among researchers. Early 20th century thinkers such as Ferdinand de Saussure and Ludwig Wittgenstein were among the first who argued that language can impact the way people think and act. More recently, Steven Pinker argued that we think in a universal grammar and languages do not significantly shape our thinking. The issue is still hotly debated. K)At a more practical level, re
