1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 79及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on conscience or self-protection . You should write at least 120 words but no mo
2、re than 180 words. Section A （ A） The blood sample collection. （ B） Religious concern about research. （ C） Results of the genetic testing. （ D） The way to get the blood sample. （ A） Because she is younger than the previous managers. （ B） Because she has more experience. （ C） Because she is sure that
3、 she is mentally stronger. （ D） Because she has few psychological problems. （ A） The man has taken away the womans stuff. （ B） The womans roommate is missing. （ C） The man thinks the womans roommate might steal her stuff. （ D） The woman has taken away her roommates stuff. （ A） People deserve all the
4、 disasters. （ B） People shouldnt have deserved the disasters. （ C） People have been ready for the tornado. （ D） People must protect themselves against disasters. （ A） Different cultures and customs. （ B） The womans first year at university. （ C） Things that the woman is doing now. （ D） The foreign r
5、oommates of the woman. （ A） He was pushed by the woman. （ B） He made great efforts to reach the top. （ C） He made a wheelchair by himself. （ D） He was very proud of himself. （ A） Doctor and patient. （ B） Teacher and student. （ C） Father and daughter. （ D） Coach and player. （ A） Because she can pay t
6、he higher fuel costs. （ B） Because rising fuel costs can benefit the environment. （ C） Because she can save more money. （ D） Because she can cut her consumption. （ A） Peaceful. （ B） Gloomy. （ C） Tiring. （ D） Exhausting. （ A） Their recent situations. （ B） The beautiful views in autumn. （ C） Various c
7、olors of tree leaves. （ D） Color changes of tree leaves in autumn. （ A） Because they are going to fall. （ B） Because it makes them look more beautiful. （ C） Because there are fewer daylight hours in autumn. （ D） Because red and yellow colors are no longer hidden by the green. （ A） Boss and employee.
8、 （ B） Strangers. （ C） Friends. （ D） Teacher and student. （ A） Her sons school. （ B） Her sons character. （ C） Her sons computer. （ D） Her sons grades. （ A） Let the womans son do what he likes. （ B） Help the womans son make a plan. （ C） Make the womans son a promise. （ D） Encourage the womans son. （ A
9、） She suspects it. （ B） She disagrees with it. （ C） She agrees with it. （ D） She ignores it. Section B （ A） The lack of courage in his career. （ B） The fact that he was a villager. （ C） The experience that made him isolated. （ D） The life that he led in a crowded city. （ A） He was more intelligent t
10、han others. （ B） He had closer touch with the river. （ C） He was quite ambitious at young age. （ D） He was cut off from the outside world. （ A） It is connected with poverty and hunger. （ B） It is well known for the poetic beauty. （ C） It has great reputation for its great poets. （ D） It is full of h
11、opes and opportunities. （ A） It is something inherited from ancestors. （ B） It reminds him of childhood memories. （ C） It concerns the daily life of the village. （ D） It provides the material for his writing. （ A） They are more direct than Britons. （ B） They are more responsible for their lives. （ C
12、） They often look down upon losers. （ D） They work too much but get too little. （ A） Feel disappointed rather than excited. （ B） Never celebrate success too soon. （ C） Be more confident of their actions. （ D） Celebrate success immediately. （ A） Traditions in English speaking countries. （ B） Characte
13、ristics of American people. （ C） The humor of British people. （ D） Differences between Americans and Britons. （ A） Its genetic advantage. （ B） Its cultural factors. （ C） Its better diet. （ D） Its universal health care. （ A） They are overtaken by Swede in longevity. （ B） They still have the longest l
14、ife span. （ C） Most Japanese youngsters quit smoking. （ D） Japanese pay attention to their health. （ A） The worsening lifestyle. （ B） More aging population. （ C） Ineffective health care programs. （ D） Natural disasters recently. Section C 26 Sleep is crucial for good health. It helps memory and【 B1】
15、 _, keeps you fit, strengthens your immune system, fights inflammation and keeps your heart and blood【 B2】 _in tip-top shape. While youre snoozing, the body repairs damaged【 B3】 _, produces crucial hormones and strengthens memories a process called consolidation, which helps you perform a new skill
16、better after sleeping than you would if you spent an【 B4】_amount of time awake. Its a way for the body to【 B5】 _everything that happened over the past waking day and to kind of prepare for the next day. Short sleepers, typically【 B6】 _people who get less than six hours of sleep at night, as well as
17、people who dont spend enough time in the deepest stages of sleep, are at higher risk of heart attacks and strokes than those who get at least seven hours. Its not clear why sleep may affect the heart, or if there is some【 B7】 _factor that affects your cardiovascular system and ability to sleep. But
18、one nighttime problem is a known heart【 B8】 _-sleep apnea(睡眠呼吸暂停 ). People who have this problem tend to snore and have upper airway collapse during sleep. This causes them to snort and gasp for breath, without really waking up enough to【 B9】 _it. If youre not feeling rested during the day and your
19、bed partner says you snore, you should ask your doctor about sleep apnea. Theres enough evidence out there suggesting that it is bad and people need to【 B10】 _. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Several years ago, I learned that a
20、 physician in a town not too far from where I was practicing had committed suicide. Neither I nor my hospital colleagues knew him, but【 C1】 _to the story we heard, he was the father of young children, was respected by doctors and【 C2】 _alike and had struggled privately with mental illness since medi
21、cal school. But it was not the details of his life that haunted us; it was the details of his【 C3】_He had locked himself in a room in the hospital, placed a large needle in his vein and【 C4】 _himself with a drug that so effectively paralyzed his muscles he was unable to breathe or call for help. For
22、 days afterward, the doctors death came up【 C5】 _in conversations. We talked about the grief his family must have been experiencing and speculated(猜测 )on the extent of depression he must have experienced, but we dared not speak of, let alone imagine, the【 C6】 _of his final moments. Always, we ended
23、up asking one another the same question: How could a doctor who most likely knew about what he was suffering from and about the treatments availablenever【 C7】 _help? For several decades now, studies have consistently shown that physicians have higher rates of suicide than the【 C8】 _population. While
24、 research has【 C9】 _the beginning of this tragic difference to the years spent in medical school, the【 C10】_factors remain uncertain. A)according F)decision K)recognized B)carefully G)enduring L)repeatedly C)contributing H)general M)seek D)corresponding I)injected N)suffering E)death J)patients O)tr
25、aced 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Happiness and Sadness A)Happiness and sadness are two most basic and familiar feelings of human beings. Recently, people have gained a further understanding of them. Happiness B)University of
26、 Illinois, psychologist Ed Diener, who has studied happiness for a quarter century, was in Scotland recently, explaining to members of Parliament and business leaders the value of increasing traditional measures of a countrys wealth with a national index of happiness. Such an index would measure pol
27、icies known to increase peoples sense of well-being, such as democratic freedoms, access to health care and the rule of law. C)Eric Wilson tried to get with the program. Urged on by friends, he bought books on how to become happier. He made every effort to smooth out his habitual worried look and we
28、ar a sunny smile, since a happy expression can lead to genuinely happy feelings. Wilson, a professor of English at Wake Forest University, took up jogging, reputed to boost the brains supply of joyful neuro-chemicals, and began his conversations with “Great!“ and “Wonderful!“, the better to exercise
29、 his capacity for enthusiasm. D)However, some scientists are releasing the most-extensive-ever study comparing moderate and extreme levels of happiness, and finding that being happier is not always better. In surveys of 118 519 people from 96 countries, scientists examined how various levels of subj
30、ective well-being matched up with income, education, political participation, volunteer activities and close relationships. They also analyzed how different levels of happiness, as reported by college students, correlated with various outcomes. Even allowing for imprecision in peoples self-reported
31、sense of well-being, the results were unambiguous. The highest levels of happiness go along with the most stable, longest and most contented relationships. That is, even a little discontent with your partner can cause you to look around for someone better, until you are at best a serial monogamist(一
32、夫一妻论者 )and at worst never in a loving, stable relationship. E)Nevertheless, “once a moderate level of happiness is achieved, further increases can sometimes be harmful to income, career success, education and political participation“, Diener and colleagues write in the journal Perspectives on Psycho
33、logical Science. On a scale from 1 to 10, where 10s is extremely happy, 8s is more successful than 9s and 10s, getting more education and earning more. That probably reflects the fact that people who are somewhat discontented, but not so depressed as to be paralyzed, are more motivated to improve bo
34、th their own lot(thus driving themselves to acquire more education and seek ever-more-challenging jobs)and the lot of their community(causing them to participate more in civic and political life). In contrast, people at the top of the jolliness charts feel no such urgency. “If youre totally satisfie
35、d with your life and with how things are going in the world,“ says Diener, “you dont feel very motivated to work for change. Be wary when people tell you that you should be happier. “ Sadness F)The drawbacks of constant, extreme happiness should not be surprising, since negative emotions evolved for
36、 a reason. Fear tips us off to the presence of danger, for instance. Sadness, too, seems to be part of our biological inheritance. Wilson argues that only by experiencing sadness can we experience the fullness of the human condition. He also asserts that “the happy man is a hollow man,“ but he is ha
37、rdly the first scholar to see melancholia(忧郁症 )as inspiration. A classical Greek text, possibly written by Aristotle, asks, “Why is it that all those who have become outstanding in philosophy or politics or poetry or the arts are clearly melancholic?“ Wilsons answer is that “the blues can be a catal
38、yst(催化剂 )for a special kind of genius, a genius for exploring dark boundaries between opposites. “ The ever-restless, the chronically discontent, are dissatisfied with the status quo, be it in art or literature or politics. G)For all their familiarity, these arguments are nevertheless being crushed
39、by the happiness movement. Last August, the novelist Mary Gordon lamented to The New York Times that “among writers. what is absolutely not allowable is sadness. People will do anything rather than to acknowledge that they are sad.“ And, Jess Decourcy Hinds, an English teacher, recounted how, after
40、her father died, friends pressed her to distract herself from her profound sadness and sense of loss. “Why dont people accept that after a parents death, there will be years of grief?“ she wrote. “Everyone wants mourners to snap out of it because observing anothers distress isnt easy. “ H)Its hard t
41、o say exactly when ordinary Americans, no less than psychiatrists(精神病学家 ), began insisting that sadness is pathological(病态的 ). But by the end of the millennium that attitude was well established. In 1999, Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman was revived on Broadway 50 years after its premiere. A repor
42、ter asked two psychiatrists to read the script. Their diagnosis: Willy Loman was suffering from clinical depression, a pathological condition that could and should be treated with drugs. Miller was appalled. “Loman is not a depressive,“ he told The New York Times. “He is weighed down by life. There
43、are social reasons for why he is where he is. “ What society once viewed as an appropriate reaction to failed hopes and dashed dreams, it now regards as a psychiatric illness. I)As NYUs Wakefield and Allan Horwitz of Rutgers University point out in The Loss of Sadness, this message has its roots in
44、the bible of mental illness, The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Its definition of a “major depressive episode“ is remarkably broad. You must experience five not-uncommon symptoms, such as insomnia(失眠 ), difficulty concentrating and feeling sad or empty, for two weeks; the sym
45、ptoms must cause distress or impairment, and they cannot be due to the death of a loved one. Anyone meeting these criteria is supposed to be treated. J)When someone is appropriately sad, friends and colleagues offer support and sympathy. But by labeling appropriate sadness pathological, “we have att
46、ached a stigma to being sad,“ says Wakefield, “with the result that depression tends to elicit hostility and rejection“ with an undercurrent of “Get over it; take a pill. “ The normal range of human emotion is not being tolerated. “We dont know how drugs react with normal sadness and its functions,
47、such as reconstituting your life out of the pain,“ says Wakefield. Those psychiatrists also express doubts about the medicalising of sadness. 47 It is believed that keeping a sunny smile can contribute to a happy mood. 48 The happiest people are more likely to enjoy a stable, long and contented rela
48、tionship than others. 49 Some people doubt whether normal sadness should be treated with drugs. 50 Compared with extreme happiness, a moderate level of happiness may be more helpful for ones income, success in career and education. 51 In the late 1990s, it was widely believed by ordinary Americans t
49、hat sadness is a psychiatric illness. 52 The totally satisfied people are lacking in motivation to change the current situation. 53 The national index of happiness is valuable in measuring a nations wealth. 54 Some negative emotions such as fear and sadness are reasonable to exist in our life. 55 Many writers are unwilling to admit they are suffering sadness. 56 According to a classic book of mental illness, people suffering depression
