1、清华大学考博英语模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Because of the massive oil spillage in the gulf, both the plant and animal lives in the area are in_. （ A） destiny （ B） amenity （ C） jeopardy （ D） tragedy 2 The membership card entitled him_certain privileges in the club. （ A） on （ B） in （ C） at （
2、D） to 3 Shy people never _ set out to attract attention of other people. （ A） willingly （ B） voluntarily （ C） decidedly （ D） deliberately 4 His plan was _ by the committee. （ A） rejected （ B） dejected （ C） objected （ D） projected 5 It is strictly _ that access to confidential documents is denied to
3、all but a few. （ A） secured （ B） forbidden （ C） regulated （ D） determined 6 The United Nations Security Council established the ICTR in 1995 to try the alleged perpetrators of the 1994_in Rwanda that claimed the lives of more than 800,000 people. （ A） genocide （ B） immigration （ C） discrimination （
4、D） election 7 Id _ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan. （ A） take into account （ B） account for （ C） make up for （ D） make out 8 For many young people during the Roaring Twenties, a disgust with the e
5、xcesses of American culture _ a wanderlust to provoke an exodus abroad. （ A） overwhemed （ B） reflected （ C） combined with （ D） hindered 9 The brain drain of experts away from developing countries will greatly influence these countries development of_industry. （ A） complicated （ B） sophisticated （ C）
6、 primitive （ D） collective 10 Now the _ port city near the month of the mighty Yangtze River is hoping to leave its record of turmoil behind and renew its status as the epicenter of Chinese modernization. （ A） flapped （ B） congested （ C） dined （ D） dictated 11 By such demarcation,strong,representati
7、ve national societies can then be left to do what they do best-_young scientists development at national meetings,and represent their disciplines at the national level. （ A） foster （ B） founder （ C） found （ D） foul 12 Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _. （ A） f
8、irm （ B） company （ C） corporation （ D） enterprise 13 Confronted with the new groups of cosmic reality, many educated men _. （ A） become ignorant savages again （ B） find the “time barrier“ unbearable （ C） will not combine solar and stellar space （ D） cannot adapt to the abrupt change of scale 14 Hes
9、watching TV? Hes_to be cleaning his room. （ A） known （ B） supposed （ C） regarded （ D） considered 15 All of the dental instruments need to be _ before the next patient is seen. （ A） heated （ B） scaled （ C） sterilized （ D） burned 16 All of the dental instruments need to be _ before the next patient is
10、 seen. （ A） heated （ B） scalded （ C） sterilized （ D） burned 17 They are sure they have all the facts they need to _ the existence of a black hole. （ A） obtain （ B） maintain （ C） verify （ D） display 18 There is an undesirable _ nowadays to make films showing violence. （ A） direction （ B） tradition （
11、C） phenomenon （ D） trend 19 Many people like the color white as it is a _ of purity. （ A） symbol （ B） sign （ C） signal （ D） symptom 20 32._fire tests gold,so does adversity tests courage. （ A） Like （ B） Alike （ C） As （ D） Comparing 21 On weekends my grandpa usually _ a glass of wine. （ A） subscribes
12、 to （ B） engages in （ C） hangs on （ D） indulges in 22 In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to _ dreams were likely to be highly respected. （ A） interpret （ B） intervene （ C） inherit （ D） impart 23 After completing her usual morning chores, Linda found herself _ tired. （ A） su
13、rprisingly （ B） buoyantly （ C） forcibly （ D） unceasingly 24 Imagine my vexation when they said they would come to dinner and then didnt show. （ A） enlightenment （ B） astonishment （ C） annoyance （ D） contrariness 25 The worsening financial situation made it obvious that an economic depression was _.
14、（ A） attainable （ B） remote （ C） imminent （ D） eminent 26 Agriculture must, therefore, _ workers and savings to the new industrialized, urbanized sectors if a modern economy is to be achieved. （ A） yield （ B） succumb （ C） subject （ D） resort 27 Anything to do with old myths and legends _ me. （ A） fa
15、cilitates （ B） immerses （ C） fascinates （ D） indulges 28 British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U. N. sanction. （ A） allies （ B） delegates （ C） voters （ D） juries 29 The doctors_was that she should go and see the spe
16、cialist in this field. （ A） constraint （ B） counsel （ C） coherence （ D） consciousness 30 Bad traveling conditions had seriously_their progress to their destination in that region. （ A） tugged （ B） demolished （ C） hampered （ D） destroyed 二、 Cloze 31 【 C8】 （ A） moving （ B） keeping （ C） remaining （ D）
17、lasting 32 【 C15】 （ A） know （ B） knew （ C） had known （ D） have known 32 One country that is certain of the effect of films on tourism is Australia. The Tourist Office of Queensland say that Crocodile Dundee,【 C1】 _Paul Hogan,made Australia the popular【 C2】 _it is today. In the three years after Croc
18、odile Dundee was【 C3】 _.visitor numbers doubled.【 C4】 _what makes people want to visit the place where a movie was filmed? In many cases the reason is【 C5】 _the film makes audiences【 C6】 _of the existence of a place.【 C7】 _the James Bond movie The Man with the Golden Gun was filmed in Phuket,Thailan
19、d,most Westerners had never heard of it. Today it is a major destination. Leonardo di Caprios film The Beach has【 C8】 _tourism in another part of Thailand. The film is about the discovery of the most idyllic beach in the world. As a result the Thai authorities are【 C9】 _a tourist boom in the films【
20、C10】_,Koh Phi Phi. Some people are influenced by a movies【 C11】 _as much as its location,especially if it is a romance. Four Weddings and a Funeral has【 C12】_thatThe Crown“hotel in Amersham has been busy ever【 C13】 _the movie was first shown. In fact the bedroom where the【 C14】 _played by Hugh Grant
21、 and Andie McDowell spend their first night together is【 C15】 _for years ahead. “Weve【 C16】 _the number of marriage proposals that have been made there,“say the hotel【 C17】 _. It is not just the tourist boards who are happy【 C18】 _the influence of films on a destination. Residents of a rather run do
22、wn area of London have seen house prices almost double 【 C19】 _Julia Roberts romance with Hugh Grant in Notting Hill. Film stars,such as Madonna,who had previously thought of Not-ting Hill as a good place for a party,have now bought【 C20】 _there. Perhaps they hope to revive their romances. 33 【 C1】
23、（ A） acting （ B） playing （ C） performing （ D） starring 34 【 C2】 （ A） target （ B） destination （ C） terminal （ D） intention 35 【 C3】 （ A） produced （ B） staged （ C） presented （ D） released 36 【 C4】 （ A） However （ B） But （ C） Whereas （ D） And 37 【 C5】 （ A） because （ B） that （ C） for （ D） why 38 【 C6】 （
24、A） acquainted （ B） ignorant （ C） aware （ D） known 39 【 C7】 （ A） While （ B） When （ C） As （ D） Once 40 【 C8】 （ A） activated （ B） boosted （ C） encouraged （ D） excited 41 【 C9】 （ A） facing （ B） meeting （ C） encountering （ D） confronting 42 【 C10】 （ A） place （ B） site （ C） location （ D） spot 43 【 C11】 （
25、A） mind （ B） mood （ C） spirit （ D） affection 44 【 C12】 （ A） ensured （ B） reassured （ C） guaranteed （ D） insured 45 【 C13】 （ A） after （ B） since （ C） till （ D） from 46 【 C14】 （ A） persons （ B） heroines （ C） characters （ D） heroes 47 【 C15】 （ A） involved （ B） prearranged （ C） scheduled （ D） booked 48
26、【 C16】 （ A） lost track of （ B） lost count of （ C） lost contact of （ D） lost sight of 49 【 C17】 （ A） management （ B） employer （ C） supervisor （ D） handler 50 【 C18】 （ A） for （ B） with （ C） about （ D） at 51 【 C19】 （ A） thanks to （ B） regardless of （ C） since （ D） as 52 【 C20】 （ A） entity （ B） benefit
27、（ C） property （ D） belongings 52 Some rituals of modern domestic living vary little throughout the developed world. One such is the municipal refuse collection, usually once a week, your rubbish bags or the contents of your bin disappear into the bowels of a special lorry and are carted away to the
28、local tip. To economists, this ceremony is peculiar, because in most places it is free. Yes, households pay for the service out of local taxes.【 71】 Yet the marginal cost of rubbish disposal is not zero at all. The more people throw away, the more rubbish collectors and trucks are needed, and the mo
29、re the local council has to pay in landfill and tipping fees. 【 72】 But as Don Fullerton and Thomas Kinnaman, two American economists, have found, this seemingly easy application of economic sense to an everyday problem has surprisingly intricate and sometimes disappointing results. In the past few
30、years several American towns and cities have started charging households for generating rubbish. The commonest system is to sell stickers or tags which householders attach to rubbish bags or cans. Only bags with these labels are picked up in the weekly collection. In the paper published last year Fu
31、llerton and Kinnaman studied the effects of one such scheme, introduced in July 1992 in Charlottesville, Virginia, a town of about 40,000 people. Residents were charged 80 cents for each sticker. This may sound like the sensible use of market forces. In fact, the authors conclude, the schemes benefi
32、ts did not cover the cost of printing stickers, the sticker sellers commissions, and the wages of the people running the scheme.【 73】 This is inefficient: compacting is done better by machines at landfill sites than by individuals, however enthusiastically. The weight of rubbish collected in Charlot
33、tesville fell by a modest 14%. 【 74】 The one bright spot in all this seems to have been a 15% increase in the weight of materials recycled, suggesting that people chose to recycle free rather than pay to have their refuse carted away. But the fee may have little to do with the growth in recycling, a
34、s many citizens were already participating in Charlottesvilles voluntary recycling scheme. 【 75】 To discourage dumping, for instance, local councils might have to spend more on catching litterers, or raise fines for littering, or cut the price of legitimate rubbish collection. A. True, the number of
35、 bags or cans collected did fall sharply, by 37% between May and September 1992. But rather than buy more tags, people simply crammed more garbage-about 40% more into each container. B. This looks like the most basic of economic misunderstandings: if rubbish disposal is free, people will produce too
36、 much rubbish. The obvious economic solution is to make households pay the marginal cost of disposing of their waste. That will give them an incentive to throw out less and recycle more. C. City authorities are now considering a project to teach Government waste collectors the skills, such as what r
37、ubbish to collect and how to classify it. If approved, the project will help ease the financial burden of the citys waste treatment. D. It would be foolish to generalize from this one case, but the moral is clear, economic incentives sometimes produce unforeseen responses. E. Less pleasing still, so
38、me people resorted to illegal dumping rather than pay to have their rubbish removed. This is hard to measure directly. But the authors, ob-serving that a few households in the sample stopped putting rubbish out, guess that illegal dumping may account for 30%-40% of the reduction in collected rubbish
39、. F. But at the margin the price is zero: the family that fills four bins with rubbish each week pays no more than the elderly couple that fills one. 57 Acid rain leads to fish mortality. Many species of fish cannot survive in aquatic environments where the pH is below 5.0. If the water is too acid,
40、 the gill systems of many kinds of fish can be damaged.【 21】 , the acid alters the blood chemistry of all fish. As a result, the fish population in an acidic environment decreases【 22】 becomes extinct. Approximately 20 percent of the lakes in Scandinavia are without fish. Moreover, in Nova Scotia th
41、e【 23】 salmon industry may be threatened by the decrease of salmon in rivers and streams. The impact is also【 24】 in the waters of Ontario and Quebec, where fish populations are【 25】 the decline. What potential remedies exist for the acid rain【 26】 ? The experts disagree. Some say new environmental
42、laws should be【 27】 to control the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. Some say that if we had known how serious acid rain was, we would have planned【 28】 to prevent it.【 29】 , all agree that if the consumption of fossil fuel were reduced, we would have less of a problem. Another【 30】 is that
43、special scrubbers could be installed in smokestacks to remove a good【 31】 of the pollutants before they get into the atmosphere. Other ideas even include breeding more【 32】 fish. And research suggests that spreading lime into lakes may be effective in【 33】 acidity. In conclusion, it is clear that if
44、 we truly want to reduce the impact of acid rain, a【 34】 of remedies and international cooperation must be explored. It is a sad fact that acid rain probably could have been avoided if we【 35】 what we know now. （ A） Likewise （ B） Besides （ C） Thus （ D） Otherwise （ A） and （ B） then （ C） hence （ D） or
45、 （ A） entire （ B） complete （ C） total （ D） all （ A） imaginable （ B） understandable （ C） considerable （ D） unaccountable （ A） on （ B） to （ C） with （ D） at （ A） matter （ B） issue （ C） affair （ D） question （ A） announced （ B） ordered （ C） imposed （ D） enacted （ A） faster （ B） more （ C） better （ D） hard
46、er （ A） Furthermore （ B） Conversely （ C） Accordingly （ D） Nevertheless （ A） possibility （ B） perspective （ C） occurrence （ D） opportunity （ A） piece （ B） portion （ C） section （ D） segment （ A） tolerated （ B） tolerant （ C） tolerable （ D） intolerant （ A） descending （ B） declining （ C） reducing （ D） re
47、lieving （ A） combination （ B） alliance （ C） mixture （ D） union （ A） know （ B） knew （ C） had known （ D） have known 72 Last year French drivers killed【 56】 than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely【 57】 the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nations hi
48、ghways since 2003, which experts reckon【 58】 3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success: the government plans to install 500【 59】 radar devices this year. So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses
49、【 60】 the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last years London bombing, in which video cameras【 61】 a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spur a sea change. A month【 62】 the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms
