1、笔译三级实务（综合）模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 For those of you who are looking to stay more on the lean side, Id recommend skipping out on the peanut butter. 2 Primitive medicines made
2、from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual to expel harmful spirit from a diseased body. 3 With little or no visual feedback to reinforce the mental map, a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues. 4 Since there is no
3、 evidence that human cancer, as generally experienced, is infectious, many people believe that because viruses are infectious agents they cannot possibly be of importance of human cancer. 5 One of the earliest attempts in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational t
4、hought and rejection of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. 6 Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify moods and actions, our inclination to eat or drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness, and our reproductive and parental behavior. 7 The Worlds Heavie
5、st Drinking Countries People in the UK are among the most prolific drinkers in the world, according to a report released by the World Health Organization (WHO). Britons over the age of 15 on average drink 11. 6 litres of pure alcohol a year, according to the “Global status report on alcohol and heal
6、th 2014“. The report provides country profiles for alcohol consumption in the 194 WHO member states, looking at the resulting impact on public health and policy responses. And it reveals that the harmful use of alcohol causes 3. 3 million deaths a year worldwide. Europe is the region with the highes
7、t consumption of alcohol per person, making up the entire top 10. Belarus takes the top spot, with people on average drinking 17. 5 litres of pure alcohol a year, followed by the Republic of Moldova where the figure is 16. 8 litres. Australia and Canada also have high levels of alcohol consumption,
8、with people on average drinking 12. 2 and 10. 2 litres a year respectively. In the United States the figure is marginally lower at 9. 2 litres. But in northern Africa and the Middle East, the average figure is less than 2.5 litres of alcohol per person, with many countries having figures below one l
9、itre. The average figure globally is 6. 2 litres of pure alcohol per person per year. But as less than half the world population (38. 3 per cent) actually drinks alcohol, this means that those who do drink consume on average 17 litres of pure alcohol annually, the report said. The WHO warned that al
10、cohol consumption increases the risk of developing more than 200 diseases, including liver cirrhosis and some cancers. Dr. Oleg Chestnov, WHO assistant director-general for non-communicable diseases and mental health, said: “ More needs to be done to protect populations from the negative health cons
11、equences of alcohol consumption. “The report clearly shows that there is no room for complacency when it comes to reducing the harmful use of alcohol. “ The report also points out that a higher percentage of deaths among men than among women are from alcohol-related causes 7. 6 percent of mens death
12、s and four per cent of womens deaths though there is evidence that women may be more vulnerable to some alcohol-related health conditions compared to men. Dr. Shekhar Saxena, director for mental health and substance abuse at WHO, said; “We found that worldwide about 16 per cent of drinkers engage in
13、 heavy episodic drinking often referred to as binge-drinking which is the most harmful to health. “Lower-income groups are more affected by the social and health consequences of alcohol. They often lack quality health care and are less protected by functional family or community networks.“ The repor
14、t also highlights the need for action by countries including national leadership to develop policies to reduce harmful use of alcohol, national awareness-raising activities and health services to deliver prevention and treatment services, in particular increasing prevention, treatment and care for p
15、atients and their families, and supporting initiatives for screening and brief interventions. The figures represent the average amount of pure alcohol consumed per capita in each country between 2008 and 2010. 8 Sleeplessness Ever daydreaming during a meeting, jerk awake while at your computer, or s
16、nooze through part of a TV show? Millions of Americans do, and thats cause for concern. A recent poll by the National Sleep Foundation, a nonprofit research group in Washington, found that two-thirds of the U. S. population gets less than the recommended hours of sleep at night. That means sleepless
17、ness is of “ epidemic proportions in this country,“ says Dr. William Dement, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Stanford University School of Medicine. Whether its the result of insomnia or todays burn the midnight oil lifestyle, not getting enough sleep leads to poor judgment, lack of creati
18、vity, impaired memory, even depression. It also can make you more vulnerable to viral and bacterial infections. Researchers at the University of Chicago have found that inadequate sleep over just six nights impairs metabolic and hormonal functions. Over time, this can provoke the onset or increase t
19、he severity of hypertension and Type II diabetes, the more common form of that disease. For some people, however, the problem is not so much setting aside time to sleep as falling asleep. Wakefulness is often the result of bad sleep habits. Sleeping in for hours on weekends, for example, confuses th
20、e bodys internal clock and leads to wide eyed nights and groggy mornings. So will long naps, although short ones (20minutes or so) to pay back sleep lost the night before or in anticipation of a late night are O. K. To train your body to get to sleep more easily, try these tips: 1. Stick to a regula
21、r bedtime schedule. 2. Try to avoid intense mental activities such as studying your stock portfolio before bedtime. Instead, consider deep breathing, yoga, or light stretching to alleviate the days stress. Experts also advise keeping a notepad on your nightstand to jot down worries to be dealt with
22、the next day. Following the same routine night after night before bedtime seems to help prepare both the mind and the body for sleep. 3. Give yourself a physical environment. Drown out disturbing noise and create a soothing background. Keep it cool people usually sleep best in rooms that are between
23、 65 F and 69 F. And make sure your bed is comfortable and has plenty of room. Sleep experts urge couples to consider a king so they wont disturb each other at night. 4. Limit alcohol consumption and avoid tobacco. Alcohol can produce troubled sleep. Smoking stimulates the system as much as an ice co
24、ld shower. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 9 我们越了解接近大自然的好处，就越觉得户外活动有意义。户外活动对学校的孩子们来说尤为重要。 10 跑步能帮助防止心脏病等疾病，还能让你活得更久。 11 令我吃惊的是，他居然成功戒烟了；我记得他以前可是个老烟鬼啊 ! 12 百分之三十的受访者认为不吃早饭可以达到减轻体重的目的，但其实不吃早饭的后果往往是新陈代
25、谢降低，身体愈发肥胖。 13 很多人认为抗生素对病毒感染很有效，这种误解使得人们在抗生素不见效时仍在使用，这种过度使用就 造成了抗药性。 14 国民健康水平进一步提高，人均预期寿命达到 75岁。 15 如何减轻心理压力 有三种摧毁压力的武器。 走动走动：这比吃一块糖果给你带来的活力多一倍。吃点东西或喝杯咖啡也许能为你提供短暂的能量，但半小时后你会感到更紧张，精力也有所下降。而十分钟的快速行走能增加足以持续一个多小时的能量。根据对吸烟者和爱吃零食的人的研究观察，发现两组人在行走五分钟后就会获得相当多的能量，他们吸下一支烟或吃下一块糖果的时间也延长了一倍。 寻找陪伴：也许你想躲避压力，想独自呆 着
26、，但调查表明有他人，特别是有承受类似压力的人在你身旁，你能更好地应付压力。专家的研究也表明这种支持不见得非得来自其他的人：宠物也可以充当很有意义的陪伴。 学会一种放松技巧：如沉思，逐步放松肌肉 (从头部到脚趾依次放松身体的每一部位 )或自我催眠术。如果你每天做一套放松操并坚持两周，你就能让你的肌体在面对压力时得到放松，并遏制住会导致压力增加的紧张型荷尔蒙的释放。 16 延缓衰老进程的药物 这听起来有点像科幻影片，但可延缓衰老进程的药物有望变为现实。 俄罗斯的科学家正在试验一 种新配方，他们宣称该配方可以延缓衰老进程。他们希望这种正在老鼠、小鼠、鱼以及狗身上试验的药片能够将人类的寿命至少延长到1
27、20岁。莫斯科国立大学项目的研究员马克西姆 -斯古拉乔夫 (Maxim Skulachev)博士称： “大量的衰老病症进展更为缓慢。 ”科学家正在使用一种 “新型抗氧化剂 ”，他们希望会影响线粒体，线粒体是细胞中的能量产生部分，被认为会引发人体老化。 斯古拉乔夫说： “线粒体会引发心脏发作，也与阿尔兹海默症和帕金森氏综合症等疾病有关。 ”他指出东非的鼹鼠以长寿和明显对癌症免疫而闻名。他表示，现实的 目标是将人类的寿命延长到 120岁，抗衰老药物 “在技术上是可行的 ”。 “我不相信我们能活到 800岁的高龄。 ”“但很可能的是出现一些新疾病。比如说， 120岁老人的典型病 癌症。以前人们的寿命
28、较短时，很少有人患有这种病。 ” 他说，他们的试验在延长寿命上还未取得突破性进展，但已经推迟了衰老的开始。 “如果证明疾病发展的更为缓慢，我们通过线粒体抗击衰老的想法就是正确的。 ”斯古拉乔夫补充道。他已经在完善抗衰老试验上研究了数十年。 笔译三级实务（综合）模拟试卷 11答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 对于那些试图控制体重的人，
29、我建议不吃花生酱。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 用蔬菜或动物制成的原始药物总是与某种仪式一并使用，以驱除病体内的害人精灵。 【知识模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 视觉障碍者由于没有或缺乏视觉反馈来 强化大脑中的方位图，因此不得不依靠对重要地标及其他线索的记忆。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 由于没有证据表明人类通常经受的癌症具有传染性，所以许多人相信，既然病毒为传染性病因，它们不可能与人类癌症有很大关系。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 关于在理性思维与摒弃超自然现象的基础上制定保健原则，西方世界的最早的尝试之一可见于希腊医生希波克拉底的著作。 【知识模块】 英
30、译汉 6 【正确答案】 有些荷尔蒙只需要一点点就能改变我们的情绪和行为，改变我们的食欲，改变我 们的咄咄逼人或谦卑顺从，还可以改变我们的生殖繁育行为。 【知识模块】 英译汉 7 【正确答案】 全球饮酒量最多的国家 世界卫生组织公布的一项报告显示，英国人已经跻身全球饮酒量最大的人群。 “2014年饮酒与健康全球状况报告 ”称， 15岁以上的英国人平均每年摄入纯酒精11 6升。 该报告提供了世界卫生组织 194个成员国各国的酒精摄入概况，意在研究饮酒对公众健康和政策响应的影响结果。 该报告指出，饮酒的危害在于，每年使全球 330万人丧命。 欧洲是人均酒精消 耗量最高的地区，报告中名列前十的国家均在
31、欧洲。 其中，白俄罗斯占据榜首，国民年人均摄入纯酒精量为 17 5升，紧随其后的是摩尔多瓦共和国， 16 8升。 澳大利亚和加拿大的酒精消耗量也很高，分别为每年人均 12 2升和 10 2升。 在美国，这一数据略低，为 9 2升。 但在北非和中东，人均酒精摄入量低于 2 5升，这些地区的许多国家甚至低于 l升。 全球的平均值为每人每年摄入酒精 6 2升。 报道指出，由于全球仅有不到一半的人 (38 3 )饮酒，这就意味着饮酒者实际每年平均 摄入 17升纯酒精。 世界卫生组织发出警告，饮酒会增加 200多种疾病的发病几率，包括肝硬化和某些癌症。 世界卫生组织非传染性疾病和心理健康方面的副总干事奥
32、列格 -切斯诺夫博士说： “我们需要付出更多努力，来保护人们免受酒精摄入带来的不良健康影响。 ” “报告清晰地指出，在减少酒精的危害方面决不能掉以轻心。 ” 报告还指出，男性因饮酒导致的死亡率比女性高，男性为 7 6，女性为 4。但也有证据表明，相比于男性，女性更易因饮酒引发健康问题。 世界卫生组织心理健康和药物滥用中心主任舍 哈尔 ?萨克斯内博士说： “我们发现全球有大约 16的饮酒者偶尔会饮酒过量，人们称之为 豪饮 ，这是最有害健康的。 ” “低收入群体更易受到酒精造成的社会、健康方面的影响。他们通常没有高质量的医疗保障，而且缺乏家庭和社区网络的功能性保护。 ” 这份报告也强调国家包括国家
33、领导，亦需采取行动，应该制定政策来减少酒精的危害，通过全国性的宣传活动来提高民众意识，组织卫生活动来提供预防和治疗服务，尤其要加强预防工作，治疗和关心病人和其家属，同时倡导疾病筛查和短时介入治疗。 这些数据呈现了从 2008年 到 2010年中每个国家的人均纯酒精消耗量。 【知识模块】 英译汉 8 【正确答案】 失眠 你是否曾经在开会时走神，是否曾经在电脑前猛然醒过神来，或者在看电视节目时打瞌睡 ?成千上万的美国人都这样，这就令人关注了。华盛顿一个非赢利性的研究机构 国家睡眠基金会最近一项民意调查显示，三分之二的美国人夜间睡眠都达不到专家建议的时间。斯坦福大学医学院睡眠障碍中心主任威廉 -迪蒙
34、特医生说，这意味着睡眠不足 “在这个国家已到了流行病地步。 ” 不管是由失眠症引起的，还是当今流行开夜车的生活方式 造成的，睡眠不足都会使人判断力下降，创造力缺乏，记忆力减退，甚至得忧郁症。它也会使你更容易受病毒和细菌的感染。芝加哥大学的研究人员发现，睡眠不足只要超过六个夜晚，就会损害新陈代谢和激素分泌的功能。久而久之，这会引发或加重高血压以及该疾病的常见形式 乙型糖尿病。 然而对有些人来说，问题不在于保证睡眠时间，而在于能否入睡。失眠往往是不良睡眠习惯的结果。例如，周末睡几个小时的懒觉就会打乱人体的生物钟，使人晚上兴奋不眠，而早晨昏沉沉。午睡时间长也会如此。而短时间午睡 (20分钟左右 )以
35、补偿前晚欠缺的睡眠或准 备今晚熬夜，则是有益的。 要培养易于入睡的习惯，可试试以下方法： 第一：坚持每晚定时睡觉。 第二：睡前尽量避免紧张脑力活动，诸如研究厚厚的公文等。相反，试试深呼吸，瑜珈功或轻轻伸展一下身体以减轻一天的压力。专家们还建议在床头柜放一个笔记本，记下第二天要办的琐事。每晚睡前坚持这样做，就会让身心都做好睡眠准备。 第三：给自己一个良好环境，消除干扰的噪音，创造一个放松的氛围。保持凉爽人们通常在华氏 65-69的房间内睡得最好。尽量使你的床舒适并有足够的空间。睡眠专家建议夫妻睡 特大号床，这样就不会在晚上互相干扰。 第四：少喝酒，不抽烟。酒精使睡眠不安宁。香烟的刺激作用就像洗冷
36、水淋浴一样。 【知识模块】 英译汉 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 9 【正确答案】 The more we learn about the benefits of getting close to/ being in nature, the more sense it makes to get outside/ to have outdoor activiti
37、es. This is/ could be especially important for school children. 【知识模块】 汉译英 10 【正确答案】 Running/ Jogging may help to protect against/ prevent heart disease and other health problems. It may also help you live longer. 【知识模块】 汉译英 11 【正确答案】 To my surprise, he has broken/ stopped the habit of smoking (give
38、n up smoking). As far as I remember, he used to be a heavy smoker/ a chain smoker (he used to smoke like a chimney). 【知识模块】 汉译英 12 【正确答案】 More than/ Over 30% of the people surveyed/ of the subjects believe that by skipping breakfast they can lose/ reduce weight; but the skipping/ it only slows down
39、metabolism and makes them fatter (only contributes to lower metabolism and obesity). 【知识模块】 汉译英 13 【正确答案】 Many people believe antibiotics are effective against viral infections, and this misunderstanding causes antibiotics to be used even when they will/ do not work. The (resulting) overuse can caus
40、e resistance. 【知识模块】 汉译英 14 【正确答案】 Peoples (The peoples) health further improved, and the average life expectancy/ life span reached 75 years. 【知识模块】 汉译英 15 【正确答案】 How to Reduce Stress There are three weapons you can use to fight stress . The first is walking, which will give you twice the energy of
41、 a candy. A little food or a coffee may give your energy a boost for a short while, but in just a half hour, you will have greater tension and a reduced energy level. However , a brisk walk for ten minutes can maintain a higher level of energy for more than one hour. A study of smokers and snackers
42、found that the two groups gained more energy after a five-minute walk, and the time for them to need the next cigarette or candy became twice as long. Second, find company. Maybe you want to hide somewhere to avoid psychological pressure, but research indicates that one can better deal with pressure
43、 in the company of others, especially those experiencing similar pressures. Findings by experts also suggest that this kind of psychological support does not come only from human companions a pet can also provide meaningful company. Third, learn a technique for relaxing. Examples include meditation,
44、 gradual relaxation of the muscles in each part of the body from head to foot, and self-hypnosis. If you practice a relaxation exercise every day for two weeks, you can relax your body in times of stress, and block the release of tension-increasing “stress hormones“. 【知识模块】 汉译英 16 【正确答案】 A Pill That
45、 Slows Down the Aging Process It sounds like something from a science fiction film, but a pill to counter the aging process could become a reality (a pill that slows down the aging process is expected to become a fact). Scientists in Russia are testing a new formula (are experimenting with a new dru
46、g), which they claim can delay/ postpone the start/ onset of the aging process. They hope the tablet/ pill, which is being tested on rats, mice, fish and dogs, will allow people to live to at least 120. Researcher Dr. Maxim Skulachev, from the Moscow State University project, said: “ A lot of aging
47、diseases developed much slower/ at a much slower rate. “ The scientists are using a “ new type of antioxidant“ , which they hope will impact on the mitochondria, the energy-producing part of cells, which is seen as triggering aging (is believed to set off senility). “The mitochondria,“ he added, “ca
48、n cause heart attacks, and diseases like Alzheimers, and Parkinsons“. He pointed to the mole-rat of east Africa renowned for longevity and evidently immune to cancer. He also said that a realistic goal was to aim for a life span for humans of 120, and anti-aging medication (an anti-senility drug) wa
49、s technically possible. “I dont believe we will be able to live to 800,“ he said. “Most probably, some new disease will emerge, lets say, a typical disease for a 120-year-old. That was the case with cancer, which was a rare disease when ancient people died much younger. “ The Russian tests have not led to a significant life span increase, but delayed the onset of aging, he said. “ If it turns out that diseases develop more slowly, our idea to fight aging through mitochondria is the right one“, added Dr. Skulachev, who h
