1、笔译三级实务（综合）模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 Those same politicians are driven by an intent to use the countrys resources to maximum financial benefit, whatever they may be, however tr
2、easured and iconic. 2 The challenge for China and other emerging markets is how to meet that demand without destroying both the oil budgets and the quality of the air. 3 GMs hydrogen fuel car in China underscores a drive toward going green, company CEO Rick Wagoner says. 4 Air pollution is not a pop
3、ular subject, which is why little notice has been taken of an EU judgment against the UK on the subject. 5 They may pay lip service to respecting our heritage and environment. 6 Carbon monoxide doesnt normally cause problems in a well-ventilated area where the gas is spread, but if it builds up in e
4、nclosed or poorly-ventilated spaces, it causes poisoning when the fumes are inhaled. 7 Pollution and Ecocrisis The problem of pollution is also of great social concern. Continued population increase, accompanied by a rise in the level of living standards, not only threatens to exhaust American resou
5、rces but pollutes the environment to such an extent that production in the thickly settled area is impossible without damaging the health of the local residents. Smog, once an urban annoyance, is now recognized as a health risk, and the automobile has been pinpointed as the principal culprit. Heavy
6、industries have been blamed for river, soil, air, noise and visual pollutions. DDT and other chemical remedies have been doing more ecological harm than the good that they may have brought along. Several decades ago, Americans dumped raw sewage into rivers and many industrial plants are now still du
7、mping chemical pollutants into lakes, rivers and oceans. Oceans used to be and are still being considered to be a reserve of seafood. Today, after the oceans have become the home of all pollutants, this use of the oceans is being reduced at an alarming rate. The worst pollution threat is concentrate
8、d in and near large cities. There the people-made pollutants increasingly surpass the ability of air and water to dilute the contaminants to safe levels. The natural ecological cycle depends on plants, which absorb some pollutants and release oxygen to the air. But near large cities, natural vegetat
9、ion becomes scarce, and introduced trees, ornamental shrubs and gardens are far from adequate in absorbing motor vehicle and industrial air pollutants. Finally, some pollutants, most notably atomic waste, may continue to contaminate air, land, and water for thousands of years. Therefore, ecocrisis e
10、cocatastrophe or ecocide has been for some time one of the major concerns of not only the ecoactivists and environmentalists, but of many scientists of other fields and the government authorities of many countries as well. Last but not least, there is the question of whether the people will eventual
11、ly be able to solve all these problems. The American continent is a wealthy land inhabited by many able and well-educated people. There today, people have originated a life-style which is known to the world as being characteristic of a society of consumption a life-style based on the prodigal use of
12、 material goods. They are using up many times their share of the earths resources at a rate unparalleled in history. And I am sorry to say that this life-style of American has been copied by the people of many developed countries, leading to the greatest problem of the modern world as a whole. So I
13、must ask: Are the Americans apt enough to cooperate with other peoples to prevent overpopulation, resource exhaustion, the catastrophe of pollution and the wanton waste of wealth-problems which are basic to the solution of many outstanding economic, social and political problems ? Only time will tel
14、l. 8 Air Pollution and the Importance of Trees Air pollution is not a popular subject, which is why little notice has been taken of an EU judgment against the UK on the subject, but it deserves full attention: it shows how much we care about the environment and our health. London has the worst air q
15、uality of any capital city in Europe and there are 12 other areas of Britain with serious air pollution problems largely caused by vehicles. After smoking it is the biggest threat to health. Despite this, the government plans to delay introducing mandatory cuts to pollutant levels as required by the
16、 European Commission, and faces large fines as a result. I am fortunate to live in one of the few places in Britain where the air quality is so good rare lichens survive still and the light is crystal clear; whenever I visit London, within minutes my eyes become irritated and my throat sore, and I f
17、eel poisoned, which of course I am, and it is extraordinary that millions of people in Britain and most world cities are being damaged to such an extent that their life expectancy is being reduced daily. The official concern is of the impact of these pollutants on public health, but my concern exten
18、ds to include the effect on the birds, insects and mammals which share our cities too. They are so small, and so suffer so much more. It seems that, in order to comply with the law, the government is considering introducing a national zone system from which the worst polluting vehicles will be banne
19、d. It will help, but could lead to the traffic being diverted to pollute the countryside instead. Why do they not consider banning polluting vehicles altogether? It would be so much easier as well as cleaner but then business circle would be upset, and that would never do. Would it? It is refreshing
20、 to hear of a quiet but very significant report by experts which will confirm the importance of trees and forests for the maintenance of essential eco-systems, for flood management, reduction of carbon emissions, wildlife benefits and public enjoyment. The findings, to be published today, will asser
21、t, I believe, that this free but immensely valuable resource has been ignored and underestimated for too long, and that the number of forested areas in England should be increased by 50 per cent over the next few decades, as well as being held in trust for the people of Britain rather than being sol
22、d off for profit as once intended by government. It is good news. However, the money issue once again will determine the outcome of the report. It is ironic that just as there is criticism led by politicians and the media about bankers trying to make profit out of market manipulation, those same pol
23、iticians are driven by an intent to use British resources to maximum financial benefit, whatever they may be, however treasured and iconic. They may pay lip service to respecting our heritage and environment, but given the choice between making money by felling timber in great quantities and investi
24、ng in caring for and developing our woodlands, profit usually will be the preferred choice of action. It may not be illegal as it is in the case of the bankers activities, but for me it is just as unethical as well as being very short-sighted. The report on Englands forests deserves full attention b
25、ut it will be overshadowed by business tycoons determination to reap a greater profit. What a contrast of values we have. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 9 环境污染足以引起民众的忧虑，但人们正采取一系列积极有效的对应措施。 10 一些发展中
26、国家正致力于发展循环经济，大规模利用太阳能、风能等可再生清洁能源，普及发展生态交通、生态建筑和环保建材。 11 科学技术在促进人类进步的同时，也 逐渐将人类推向了环境恶化的深渊，它到底是福还是祸呢 ? 12 我们要下决心解决好关系群众切身利益的大气、水、土壤等突出环境污染问题，改善环境质量，维护人民健康。 13 中国将使二氧化碳排放比十年前年下降 60一 65，非化石能源占一次能源消费 (primary energy consumption)比重达到 20左右。 14 这家野生动物园内汇集着许多珍稀动物和濒危动物，其中就有中国特产的大熊猫和金丝猴 (snub-nosed monkey)等。 1
27、5 环境保护 雾霾天气范围扩大， 环境污染矛盾突出，是大自然向粗放发展方式亮起的红灯。必须加强生态环境保护，下决心用硬措施完成硬任务。我们要出重拳强化污染防治。以雾霾频发的特大城市和区域为重点，以细颗粒物和可吸入颗粒物治理为突破口，抓住产业结构、能源效率、尾气排放和扬尘等关键环节，健全政府、企业、公众共同参与新机制，实行区域联防联控，深入实施大气污染防治行动计划。今年要淘汰燃煤小锅炉 5万台。实施清洁水行动计划，加强饮用水源保护，推进重点流域污染治理。实施土壤修复工程。推动能源生产和消费方式变革。加大节能减排力度，控制能源消费总量，今年能源消 耗强度要降低 3 9以上。要提高非化石能源发电比重
28、，发展智能电网，鼓励发展风能、太阳能，开工一批水电、核电项目。加强天然气、页岩气勘探开采与应用。强化节水、节材和资源综合利用。加快开发应用节能环保技术和产品，把节能环保产业打造成生机勃勃的朝阳产业。 16 环境恶化 人类有史以来不断改变自然环境，以改善自己的生活方式。人类借助技术工具改变了地球的许多自然特征。他将林地和草原改造成为农田，使江河变成湖泊和水库，用于灌溉或用于水力发电。人类还通过给沼泽地排水、凿石劈山、修建公路和铁路等方式，改 变了地球的面貌。然而，人类改变自然环境并不总是带来有益的结果。今天，空气和水的污染给地球的健康造成越来越严重的危害。每天机动车辆的排气管排出成千上万吨废气。
29、工厂释放的烟雾污染了工业区和周围乡村的空气。水污染同样有害，海洋的整个生态平衡正在受到破坏，工业废水已使许多河流的生物死亡。现在，环境保护比以往任何时候都更为紧迫。我们知道，对环境的大规模破坏已经带来负面影响，甚至咄咄逼人地威胁到人类的生存。对这些问题漠不关心将意味着自我毁灭。 笔译三级实务（综合）模拟试卷 12答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1
30、【正确答案】 这些同样的政客也受到驱动，想要动用本国资源，使其商业利益最大化 不管这些资源是什么，也不管它们是何等珍贵或是带有地区标志性。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 中国及其他新兴市场所面临的挑战是如何在满足需求的同时，避免过多石油支出 ，避免污染空气。 【知识模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 通用汽车总裁 Rick Wagoner称，通用在中国市场推出的氢燃料汽车反映了通用公司走环保路线的趋势。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 空气污染不是一个流行的议题，这就是为什么最近欧盟针对英国空气污染的一项裁定案并未引起人们多少关注。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 他们
31、可能只是动动嘴皮子说尊重我们的历史遗产和环境。 【知识模块】 英译汉 6 【正确答案】 如果通风状况良好，一氧化碳能迅速散开， 通常不会产生严重问题；但如果环境封闭，流通性差，一氧化碳积累起来，人们吸入积聚的烟尘就会中毒。 【知识模块】 英译汉 7 【正确答案】 污染和生态危机 污染问题也受到了社会的极大关注。人口在持续增长，生活水平在提高，这不仅威胁到美国资源的枯竭，而且还污染环境到了极严重的地步：人口密集区的工业生产与当地居民的健康已成为不可调和的矛盾。 烟雾，原先不过是城市居民的一件烦心事，现在被公认为危害健康的头号大敌。机动车辆已被视为造成烟雾的罪魁祸首。重工业因污染河流、土壤、空气、
32、产生噪音和影响可见度等方面而备受指责。滴滴涕 (DDT)及其他化学药剂对生态的影响是弊大于利。 几十年前，美国人把未经处理的污水倒入河流，而许多工厂如今仍在把化学污染物倾入湖泊、江河和海洋。人们一向认为海洋是海产品的宝库。今天，海洋已成为一切污染物的集中地之后，海产品正以惊人速度缩减。 大城市及其周边是污染最严重的地方。在那里，人为污染物的扩散越来越超过空气和水将污染物分解稀释到安全水平的能力。自然界生态循环依赖于植物；植物吸收一些污染物，把氧气释放到空气中。但邻近大城市的地区，天然植被日渐稀少，而 移植的树木、观赏灌木及花园又远不足以吸收机动车辆和工业产生的空气污染物。最终，有些污染物，尤其
33、是原子能废料，可能会继续污染空气、土地和水源达几千年之久。因此，生态危机 也称为生态灾难或生态灭绝 一段时期以来不仅是生态活动家和环保主义者关注的主要问题，而且引起了其他领域许多科学家和许多国家政府当局的重视。 最后，问题是，人们最终是否能解决所有这些问题 ?美国大陆是一块富裕的土地，居住着许多能干的、受过良好教育的人。如今，在那里人们开创了一种以消费社会为特色而闻名全球的生活方式，即一种挥霍物质财富为基 础的生活方式。美国人正以前所未有的速度耗费着超过他们份额不知多少倍的地球资源。我遗憾地说，美国人的这种生活方式，已被许多发达国家的人民所仿效，导致了当前整个世界的最严重的问题。 因此我不得不
34、问：美国人是否善于与别国人民合作来防止人口过剩、资源枯竭、污染灾难和恣意浪费人类财富的行为 ?这一系列问题正是解决许多悬而未决的经济、社会和政治问题的基础。我们将拭目以待。 【知识模块】 英译汉 8 【正确答案】 空气污染及树木的重要性 空气污染不是一个流行的议题。这就是为什么最近欧盟对英 国的一项裁定案并未引起人们多少关注。但是这事值得我们关注：事关我们对环境和健康的重视程度。 欧洲国家首都中，伦敦空气质量最差。由于交通原因，英国还有 12个地方的空气污染也非常严重。空气污染已是继吸烟之后人类健康第二大杀手。尽管如此，英国政府还是未能遵循欧盟委员会的强制要求，并且计划延迟引入污染等级强制削减
35、计划，最终面临巨额罚款。 我很幸运：我住在英国少数几个污染并不严重的地区，这里空气质量尚佳、稀有菌类依旧可见、日间光线通透明亮。每每造访伦敦，双眼数分钟内即感不适、喉咙酸痛，有种被囚禁的感觉 ，事实上我也的确被囚禁了。英国及世界其他城市中数百万居民受到空气污染的威胁，他们的预期寿命日朘月减。 政府担忧污染物会对公众健康产生不良影响。但更多的担忧集中在空气污染对和我们居住在一起的鸟类、昆虫和哺乳动物的影响。他们如此赢弱，却比人类承受更多。 为遵循法律条款，政府似乎正在考虑引进全国区域系统 区域内对环境污染最为严重的机动车辆禁止行驶。这可能起点作用，但也可能导致车流涌向乡村，造成当地空气污染。为什
36、么不考虑全面禁止排污严重的车辆行驶呢 ?这样就方便又清洁 可能商企界会为此不安，所以这 做法永远无法实施。这做法可行吗 ? 一则低调发布但却意义重大的专家报告让人为之欣慰。报告确认了植树造林对于维持生态系统、抗洪减排、野生动物保护及大众游憩等方面的重要性。 我相信今天就要发布的报告结论将佐证人们长久以来忽视或低估了这种免费且价值巨大的资源，并将佐证森林面积应在接下来的数十年中增加百分之五十。为了民众，政府应保护森林，而非像之前的做法 砍伐树木获利。这不啻于一则鼓舞人心的好消息。 然而，资金问题将再一次决定该报告的最终结果。讽刺的是，正如政客和媒体对银行试图通过市场操控获 利的行为大肆批判一样，
37、这些政客本身也想着动用本国资源，使其商业利益最大化 不管这些资源是什么，也不管它们是如何的珍贵或是带有地区标志性。他们可能动动嘴皮子说尊重我们的历史遗产和环境，但是在伐树获利和注资于发展林木之间，利益总是放在优先考虑的位置。银行家的行为或许不犯法，但是就我看来，其行为无德且短视。 这份英国森林调查报告值得我们注意，但是与商界大佬决意追求利润的背景相形见绌。我们和他们的价值观差异可谓天壤之别 ! 【知识模块】 英译汉 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into Eng
38、lish. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 9 【正确答案】 Environmental pollution/ contamination is great cause for public concern, but people are adopting a series of effective measures to deal with/ cope with the problem. 【知识模块】 汉译英 10 【正确答案】 Some developing countries/ economies are committed to (pledg
39、e themselves to) a recycling economy, exploiting/ tapping solar power, wind energy and other renewable energies and promoting eco-traffic, ecological construction and environment-friendly building materials. 【知识模块】 汉译英 11 【正确答案】 Though science promotes human progress (is pushing forward/ advancing t
40、he development of the human species), it also pushes human beings to the abyss of environmental deterioration is it a blessing or a curse? 【知识模块】 汉译英 12 【正确答案】 We should/ must resolve (make up our minds) to solve the problems of serious air, water and soil pollution that affect the peoples vital int
41、erests/ wellbeing; improve environmental quality, and protect/ safeguard peoples health. 【知识模块】 汉译英 13 【正确答案】 China will cut/ reduce carbon emissions by 60%-65% compared to/ with ten years ago and increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to about 20% . 【知识模块】 汉译英 14 【正确答案
42、】 The wildlife park/ safari has many rare and endangered animals, including giant pandas and snub-nosed monkeys native to China (, which live/ exist only in China). 【知识模块】 汉译英 15 【正确答案】 Environmental Protection The haze that has been hanging over more areas of China for longer periods, and the probl
43、ems of environmental pollution are becoming major concerns; they are a red light from Nature warning against the extensive economic growth model. Therefore, we must forcefully/ better protect the ecological environment and be determined to take resolute measures to accomplish this demanding mission.
44、 Tough measures will be adopted to better prevent and control pollution. We will fully implement the plan for preventing and controlling air pollution, with the focus on mega cities and regions with frequent occurrence of smog. We will start by reducing PM10 and PM2. 5 emissions, and focus on the fo
45、llowing key areas: improving the industrial structure, raising energy efficiency, reducing vehicle exhaust emissions, and preventing and monitoring wind-borne dust. We will improve the new mechanism involving government, enterprises and the general public, coordinate prevention and control efforts i
46、n affected regions, and fully implement the action plan for preventing and controlling air pollution. Specifically, 50, 000 small coal-fired furnaces shall be phased out this year. We will put in place an action plan for clean water by vigorously protecting the sources of drinking water, and moving
47、ahead with the treatment of pollution in major river valleys. We will also restore polluted land. China will reform (the modes of) energy production and consumption. China will enhance energy savings and limit emissions to control the total volume of energy consumption, so as to reduce energy consum
48、ption by over 3. 9% this year. We will increase the proportion of non-fossil-fuel-generated electricity ; develop smart electric grids; encourage the development of wind and solar power, and launch a number of hydroelectric-power and nuclear power projects. We will increase exploration, development
49、and application of natural gas and shale gas. Employing clean methods of production, green and low-carbon technologies and a recycling economy will better enable us to cope with a changing climate. Conserving water and materials and the overall better use of resources shall be our goal. We will speed up the development and use of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technologies and products and turn the energy conservation and environmental protection industries into dynamic sunrise industries. 【知识模块】 汉译英 16 【正确答案】 The Deteri
