1、笔译三级实务（综合）模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 The Stanford Research Institute, which has done the most extensive work on the frugality phenomenon, estimates that nearly five million Ame
2、rican adults are pursuing lives of “voluntary simplicity“ and double that number “adhere to and act on some but not all“ of its basic tenets. 2 Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in hum
3、an history. 3 It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murders, if the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed, innocent people will be murderedsome whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. 4 There are also people who object to fairy tales
4、on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets etc. , do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. 5 In my view, our greates
5、t problem will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as is the unintended yet often inescapable consequence of sternly and successfully pursuing our humanization goals. 6 As a group, the elderly are the most alienated members of our society: not yet ready for the world of the dea
6、d, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted aside. 7 How Has Hello Kitty Conquered the World So successful has Kitty been that she was chosen to be a Japanese diplomatic envoy , the official tourism ambassador to China and Hong Kong, in 2008. All part of Japans drive to bolster i
7、ts soft power globally through a state-backed campaign dubbed Cool Japan. Promoting manga, anime cartoons and other aspects of Japanese pop culture, its an initiative that came about when Japans perennially uncool bureaucrats had a vision that cultural exports could help plug the economic gap create
8、d by the near collapse of Japan Inc in the 1990s. Out went promoting wabisabi and tea ceremonies. In came the countrys pop culture as flagships of Japanese enterprise. Older, less cute merchandise, would only remind the Japanese of their hubris and their bubble economy that burst, taking macho hi-te
9、ch Japan with it. Since the 1990s many in the nation have wanted their culture to get in touch with its feminine side, hence the new love of all things kawaii (rhymes with Hawaii and means cute). Cute is also an important social lubricant in cities where many desperately seek a comfort blanket, a bu
10、ffer against exceedingly tough urban lifestyles. Japanese companies now take special care in projecting their kawaii image, says Yasuko Nakamura, president of Tokyo-based marketing company Boom Planning: “Japanese products are made to be kawaii so that they are liked by women. In Japan, women hold t
11、he spending power. Even for things that women dont purchase themselves, such as a car, they have a strong say in the final decision. “ But why has Hello Kitty made such a foothold in Europe and the United States? Perhaps it is because the western democracies in the past decade have encountered probl
12、ems similar to those Japan has faced since the 1990s; deflation, more work for less pay, an aging demographic and an unhealthy obsession with youth. Even the once hard-bitten British are falling for Hello Kitty and Osaka-based musician and cultural commentator Nick Currie thinks he knows why. “Hello
13、 Kitty symbolizes some essential Japanese virtues; agreeableness, harmony, commerce, cuteness, nature, fertility and affluence,“ he says. “She also represents the irresistible idiocy of consumer culture, hardwired to our neurological system.We shop with almost the same reflexes that make us stretch
14、out to stroke a big-eyed, fluffy kitten. “ That may be a universal impulse. But the West, and certain minorities in Japan, are not all about the ascendance of commerce. Pockets of resistance to Kitty tyranny do exist, while savvier cartoon characters from Japan are now poised to possibly eclipse the
15、 reign of this most babyish of icons. Kitty Hell is one of a number of web sites that aims to thwart the ubiquitous feline. The blogger puts up examples of his Japanese wifes and others obsession with the mouthless one. He posts items such as Kitty-shaped face tattoos and suggests, tongue-in-cheek,
16、that “ Sanrio has invented a Hello Kitty virus that makes people do things like this. “ “ All I really do is point out the absurdity of the fans and all the products,“ the anonymous blogger tells the BBC. Meanwhile, the genius Japan has demonstrated for creating likeable characters has spawned anoth
17、er Pan-Asian hit in the form of a chat service called Line. Much of the apps popularity rides on one area where Japan has an unassailable leadthe design and playful use of emoji (Japanese emoticons). On the Line app they have grown into fully delineated characters such as the enigmatic Moon. Now the
18、 company behind Line is gunning for equal success worldwiderecently the Spanish have also fallen in love with Lines impish and much more cynical, adult-oriented mascots. Could it be time to say “Hello Line“ and “goodbye feline“? 8 Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal mistakes are often more difficult t
19、o avoid than verbal ones. For example, the amount of appropriate eye contact varies according to the country. When negotiating with the Japanese, I have learned to use intermittent eye contact across the bargaining table rather than staring directly. Southeast Asians also find an intense gaze unplea
20、sant. During my first week on assignment in Singapore, my secretary nervously asked me, “ Boss, why do you always look at us so fiercely?“ While you may learn to use an indirect gaze in East and Southeast Asia, you have to unlearn that lesson when doing business in the Mediterranean region, West Asi
21、a, and Latin America. These expressive people believe to demonstrate interest in the “windows of the soul. “ They want to look you in the eye to demonstrate interest in the discussion and to show that they are honest and sincere. If you use indirect eye contact, you may be regarded as insincereperha
22、ps even dishonest. Appropriate eye contact is also important socially. In the U. S. , people generally look straight ahead while walking side-by-side with a friend. But in the more expressive societies of southern Europe, such behavior will be considered cold and impersonal. In those countries, peop
23、le prefer to read your eyes and facial expressions as they talk to you. Another important consideration is being sensitive of peoples personal space, which varies according to the culture. For example, two U. S. businessmen meeting for the first time will stand about an arms length apart while two A
24、rab men may stand almost face-to-face. For West Asians, being kept “at arms length“ signals unfriendliness. Another variable aspect of body language is touch behavior, which differs greatly even between such close neighbors as the British and the French. Researchers recently videotaped couples in Pa
25、ris and London cafes and counted the number of times touched each other in one hour. They recorded an average of about 100 touches per hour in Paris and no touching at all in London. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this par
26、t is 60 minutes. 9 美食在中华文化中扮演着重要角色，很多食物都有其象征意义。 10 企业文化的价值观会影响企业内部的道德标准以及管理行为。 11 故宫中 典藏一百多万种珍贵文物，其中不少是独一无二的国宝。 12 农历五月初五端午节。它起源于先秦时代，已有 2000多年的悠久历史。 13 覆盖城乡的公共文化设施网络体系已初步建成，全国博物馆、图书馆、文化馆(站 )实现免费开放。 14 我们要发展文化艺术、新闻出版、广播电影电视、档案等事业，繁荣发展哲学社会科学，倡导全民阅读。 15 小偷的首要目标 新出台的犯罪数据显示，手机已经超过钱包跃居小偷的首要目标。小偷一直以来都是偷现金
27、和钱包，但不断攀升的手机价格使小偷开始将手机作为首要目标 。新发布的犯罪分析宣称，在所有偷盗案中，像 iphone这种电子设备被偷窃占了一半以上。对犯罪的调查宣称，智能手机不断上升的价格使它们吸引了小偷的注意。随着越来越多的人随身携带昂贵的电子设备，这些已经成为小偷很想要的东西。个人盗窃案中约有一半偷的都是手机，而以前，此类偷盗案都是瞄准钱包。 同时，在入车盗窃案中，车载卫星导航系统已经取代车载收音机和 CD成为小偷首要目标。盗窃像卫星导航系统之类的电子装备占了约五分之一，这一比例远高于十年前，那时车载收音机和 CD是最常见的被偷物品。 在入室盗窃案中偷 的最多的是电脑和珠宝。偷笔记本、平板和
28、其他家庭电脑占了入室盗窃案近五分之二。入室盗窃中，小偷明显瞄准那些价值高的物品，像是钱包和现金，再就是电脑和珠宝了。入室盗窃案里 20件仅有一件是偷 CD和 DVD这类物品，十年前，这一比例是五分之一。 总体来说，年轻人更有可能被小偷瞄准。奇怪的是，失业人员遭到入室盗窃的几率是上班族的两倍。 16 文化事业 我们要在全社会树立中国特色社会主义的共同理想，广泛开展社会主义荣辱观教育，培育文明道德风尚，尤其要加强青少年思想道德建设。加快发展文化事业和文化产业。推进文化管理体制改革，完善文化产业政策。繁荣新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术。进一步发展哲学社会科学。着眼于满足人民群众文化需求，保障人民文化权
29、益，逐步建立覆盖全社会的公共文化服务体系。突出抓好广播电视村村通工程、社区和乡镇综合文化站建设工程、全国文化信息资源共享工程、农村电影放映工程、农家书屋工程。继续建设一批国家重大文化工程。加强网络文化建设和管理。搞好文化遗产、自然遗产和档案保护。加强文化市场管理，坚持开展扫黄打非。积极发展体育事业和体育产业，加强城乡基层体育设施建设，大力开展全民健身活动，提高竞 技体育水平。 笔译三级实务（综合）模拟试卷 15答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into
30、Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 The Stanford Research Institute, which has done the most extensive work on the frugality phenomenon, estimates that nearly five million American adults are pursuing lives of “voluntary simplicity“ and double that number “adhere to and act on s
31、ome but not all“ of its basic tenets. 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. 【知识模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does
32、deter many murders, if the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed, innocent people will be murderedsome whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 There are also people who object to fairy tales on the grounds that they are not objectively true,
33、 that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets etc. , do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【 正确答案】 In my view, our greatest problem will be voluntary sel
34、f-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as is the unintended yet often inescapable consequence of sternly and successfully pursuing our humanization goals. 【知识模块】 英译汉 6 【正确答案】 As a group, the elderly are the most alienated members of our society: not yet ready for the world of the dead, not deemed
35、 fit for the world of the living, they are shunted aside. 【知识模块】 英译汉 7 【正确答案】 凯蒂猫如何征服世界 凯蒂猫很成功，因而被选为日本的外交使节。在 2008年成为日本驻中国大陆和香港的官方旅游大使。 这一切都是日本通过一场名为 “酷日本 ”的全国性运动来增强其国际软实力所做努力的一部分。日本那些终年古板的官员认识到文化输出有助于弥补上世纪 90年代日本企业衰败造成的经济差距，于是 “酷日本 ”应运而生 推广日本漫画、动漫卡通以及其他日本流行文化。 推广 “侘寂 ”之美 (wabisabi)和茶道已不再时兴。日本流行文化粉墨
36、登场，流行文化亦是日本企业的旗舰。那些陈旧的、不够可爱的商品只能让日本国民想起自己曾经的傲慢，大男子主义、以高新科技为标志的那个日本已经随着泡沫经济的破碎而成为过去。 20世纪 90年代以来， 许多日本人希望本国文化能够展现其女性化一面，因此涌现出 “卡哇伊 ”(与英文 “夏威夷 ”韵脚相同，意为 “可爱 ”)新风尚。可爱文化在城市里也是一种重要的社会润滑剂，在城市里很多人拼命寻求安逸窝，以缓冲极艰难的城市生活方式。东京营销公司繁荣计划 (Boom Planning)总裁中村宁子表示，日本公司如今特别注意表现可爱形象： “日本产品刻意追求可爱，从而吸引女性。在日本，女性拥有消费能力。即使像小汽
37、车等那些并非女性自己购买的东西，她们对最终抉择也有强大的话语权。 ” 但是为什么凯蒂猫在欧洲和美国也能牢牢站稳脚跟 ?也许是因为在过去的十年里西方民主国家也遭遇过日本自 1990年代起所面临的相似问题：通货紧缩，工作量加大、薪资减少，人口老龄化，以及对于青春的病态留恋。就连性格硬朗的英国人也迷上了凯蒂猫。大阪的音乐家、文化评论员尼克 -克里认为其原因是： “凯蒂猫象征着日本的基本品德：随和、和谐、商业、可爱、自然、多子、富足。她也代表着消费文化中无可避免的愚蠢行为，这是人们神经系统与生俱来的。我们无法不购物，而几乎出于相同的条件反射，我们也无法不去抚摸这只大眼睛、毛茸茸的凯蒂猫。 ”这种冲动，
38、人皆有之。 但西方国家和少数 日本人并不完全赞同商业至上。扎紧钱袋抵制凯蒂猫独霸天下的情况确实存在。同时，形象更为精明的日本卡通人物正在瞄准凯蒂猫这个稚气十足的偶像，或将取代其统治地位。 已有众多网站在抵制无处不在的凯蒂猫， “凯蒂猫地狱 ”是其中之一。博主列举出他的日本妻子及其他人痴迷这只无嘴猫的很多例子。他发布诸如凯蒂猫形状面部纹身的照片，半开玩笑道： “三丽鸥公司发明了一种名为凯蒂猫的病毒，使得人们去干这种傻事。 ” “其实我所做的就是罗列出凯蒂猫粉丝和所有凯蒂猫产品的荒唐可笑之处。 ”该匿名博主对英国广播公司如是说。 同时，日本这种创造可爱人物的天分又催生了一款聊天服务应用 “连我 ”
39、(Line)，在泛亚地区再次引起轰动。该款应用软件的流行在很大程度上源于日本遥遥领先的领域：对表情符号的设计与炉火纯青地运用。在 “连我 ”应用中，表情符号已发展成意思表达十分清晰的很多卡通角色，例如神秘的月亮。 目前，开发 “连我 ”应用的公司也在竭力谋求在国际上取得同样的成功。近日，西班牙人也爱上了 “连我 ”应用中这些顽皮的、更愤世嫉俗的、面向成年人的标志形象。是否到了说 “你好， 连我 ”和 “再见，凯蒂猫 ”的时候了呢 ? 【知识模块】 英译汉 8 【正确答案】 非言语交际 非言语交际中出现的错误往往比言语交际中的错误难避免。比如说，会谈时目光交流多少次才是恰当的，在不同国家就差别很
40、大。和日本人谈判时，我学会了在谈判桌上要不时地与对方的目光错开，不能一直盯着对方。东南亚人也对直视感到不舒服。我刚到新加坡工作的第一周，我的秘书就紧张地问我： “老板，你为什么老是那么严厉地盯着我们 ?”在东亚和东南亚要学会不去直视对方，而在地中海地区、西亚和拉丁美洲谈生意时，你就得故意忘掉这些。这些感情外露的人把眼睛当作“心灵的窗户 ”。在交谈 中，他们直视你以表示他们对谈话感兴趣，还表示诚实和真诚。如果你不直视对方，你就会被认为是不真诚 甚至是不诚实的。 恰当的目光交流对社会交往也是很重要的。在美国，当人们和朋友肩并肩地行走时，目光通常是向前看的。但在感情丰富的南欧人看来，这种行为会被认为
41、是冷酷和不近人情的。在这些地区，人们更喜欢在交谈时读懂你目光和面部表情中透露的含义。 另外一个重要的方面是注意谈话人之间的距离。这也因文化的不同而不同。比如，两个美国商人第一次见面时保持一个手臂长度的距离，而两个阿拉伯人首次见面就几乎是脸对着脸 。对西亚人来说， “保持一臂的距离 ”是不友好的表示。 另一个形体语言的不同是人们之间的触摸方式，这种行为像英法这样的近邻之间差异都很大。研究人员最近对在巴黎和伦敦咖啡馆中的情侣们摄像，并数了他们在一个小时中相互触摸的次数。记录显示，在巴黎平均一小时触摸 100次左右，而在伦敦，一次都没有。 【知识模块】 英译汉 二、 PART 2 Chinese-E
42、nglish Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 9 【正确答案】 Food plays an important role/ part in Chinese culture, and many foods have symbolic meaning. 【知识模块】 汉译英 10 【正确答案】 The values of a corporate culture influence the ethical standa
43、rds within the corporation as well as its managerial pattern/ behavior. 【知识模块】 汉译英 11 【正确答案】 The Palace Museum contains/ stores/ houses more than one million valuable (historical) relics, many of which are unique national treasures. 【知识模块】 汉译英 12 【正确答案】 The Dragon-boat Festival, which falls on the 5
44、th day of the 5th lunar month, dates back to (can be traced back to) the period before the Qin dynasty (the pre-Qin period) and has a long history of more than 2,000 years (two millenniums). 【知识模块】 汉译英 13 【正确答案】 A network of public cultural facilities covering/ encompassing both urban and rural area
45、s has been basically established/ is taking shape, and all museums, libraries and cultural centers in the country are open to the public free of charge. 【知识模块】 汉译英 14 【正确答案】 We will develop culture and arts, the press and publishing, and radio, television and film, and run archives well. We will pro
46、mote the flourishing of philosophy and the social sciences. We will encourage the people to read. 【知识模块】 汉译英 15 【正确答案】 Top Target for Thieves/ Muggers According to newly issued figures about crime , cellphones have surpassed purses and wallets as the No. 1 choice for thieves. Cash and wallets had pr
47、eviously been targets for thieves, but the rising cost of mobile phones has made them the priority target. A newly released analysis of crime figures shows that electronic devices such as iPhones account for more than 50% of all stolen items. The crime study said the continuously increasing cost of
48、smartphones was attracting the attention of thieves. Since an increasing number of people are carrying expensive electronic devices, these have become desirable targets. About half of theft cases against individuals were concerned with the theft of mobile phones whereas/ while in the past cash and p
49、urses were most commonly stolen. Meanwhile, the vehicle-mounted satellite navigation system has been substituted for the radio and the CD as the prime target in car crime. Theft of electronic equipment such as satellite navigation systems makes up about 20% of the thefts from vehicles, which is a lot higher than the proportion ten years ago when the most commonly stolen items were car radios and CDs. The most commonly stolen items in domestic burglaries are computers and jewellery. In nearly two fifths of domestic burglaries, laptops, tablets and other hom
