1、考博英语模拟试卷 191及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The joys of travel, having long _ the disabled, are opening up virtually to anyone who has the means. （ A） omitted （ B） missed （ C） neglected （ D） discarded 2 The damage to his car was _; therefore, he could repair it himself. （ A） appreciable （ B） ne
2、gligible （ C） considerable （ D） invisible 3 The businessman wanted to _ the adversary into concluding this transaction. （ A） notify （ B） negotiate （ C） nourish （ D） nominate 4 It was a very difficult examination, _ he passed it with distinction. （ A） consequently （ B） moreover （ C） nevertheless （ D）
3、 likewise 5 We should adapt to the _ of the society we live in. （ A） albums （ B） forums （ C） norms （ D） rims 6 Do you have any _ about what living beings on other planets would be like? （ A） ideal （ B） comprehension （ C） notion （ D） intelligence 7 That part of the city has long been _ for its street
4、 violence. （ A） historical （ B） responsible （ C） illegal （ D） notorious 8 That _ criminal was finally put to death. （ A） notorious （ B） irrespective （ C） numerical （ D） famous 9 The man was deported for his _ acts. （ A） notorious （ B） notable （ C） immortal （ D） incredible 10 Shes beginning to recove
5、r now and taking a little _. （ A） nourishment （ B） diet （ C） nourishing （ D） feeding 11 He is a (an) _ and well-behaved child, but his parents worry about him for he talks too little. （ A） obedient （ B） transient （ C） conscious （ D） passionate 12 Our research has not shown us anything so far, so the
6、re is little _ to continue with it. （ A） impatience （ B） incentive （ C） impulse （ D） initiative 13 The writer tried to be as _ as possible in evaluating his latest work. （ A） adjective （ B） objective （ C） subjective （ D） subjunctive 14 Belgium replied that she had always been faithful to her interna
7、tional _. （ A） obligations （ B） duties （ C） responsibilities （ D） liabilities 15 Parents have a legal _ to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age. （ A） impulse （ B） influence （ C） obligation （ D） sympathy 16 The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes diffic
8、ult to understand because it contains so many _ references. （ A） obscure （ B） acute （ C） notable （ D） objective 17 Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very _. （ A） intelligible （ B） obscure （ C） dim （ D） conspicuous 18 During their first teacher training year, the studen
9、ts often visited schools for the _ of lessons. （ A） observation （ B） investigation （ C） inspection （ D） examination 19 While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping _ to stroke her long and flowing hair. （ A） occasionally （ B） simultaneously （ C） eventually （ D） endeavours 20 Her interest in redecorat
10、ing the big house kept her _ for a whole week. （ A） constrained （ B） dominated （ C） restricted （ D） occupied 21 However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry. （ A） overturn （ B） overtake （ C） offset （ D） oppress 22 The terrorists m
11、ight have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to _ when it arrived in New York. （ A） go off （ B） get off （ C） come off （ D） carry off 23 He will agree to do what you require _ him. （ A） of （ B） from （ C） to （ D） for 24 Why are you always suspicious _ anyone who is kind to you? （ A） of （ B） towa
12、rds （ C） with （ D） for 25 For years now, the people of that far-away country have been cruelly _ by a dictator. （ A） depressed （ B） immersed （ C） oppressed （ D） cursed 26 He is _ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year. （ A） optimistic （ B） optional （ C） outstanding （ D）
13、obvious 27 I am afraid that you have to alter your _ views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived. （ A） indifferent （ B） distressing （ C） optimistic （ D） pessimistic 28 I cannot give you _ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market. （ A） an expense （ B） a
14、 charge （ C） a purchase （ D） an order 29 This is the _ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works. （ A） true （ B） original （ C） real （ D） genuine 30 The person who _ this type of research deserves our praise. （ A） originated （ B） manufactured （ C） generated （ D） estimated 31 The
15、Christmas tree was decorated with shining _ such as colored lights and glass balls. （ A） ornaments （ B） luxuries （ C） exhibits （ D） complements 32 The _ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly between researchers and teachers. （ A） intensive （ B） concis
16、e （ C） joint （ D） overall 33 When you put up wallpaper, should you _ the edges or put them next to each other? （ A） coincide （ B） extend （ C） overlap （ D） collide 34 I was _ by their kindness and moved to tears. （ A） preoccupied （ B） embarrassed （ C） overwhelmed （ D） counseled 35 Of the thousands of
17、 known volcanoes in the world, the _ majority are inactive. （ A） tremendous （ B） demanding （ C） intensive （ D） overwhelming 36 The captured criminals were _ in chains through the streets. （ A） exhibited （ B） displayed （ C） paraded （ D） revealed 37 Clark felt that his _ in one of the most dramatic me
18、dical experiments of all time was worth the suffering he underwent. （ A） apprehension （ B） appreciation （ C） presentation （ D） participation 38 Her father flew into a _ when he learned that she wanted to get married before she graduated from the university. （ A） feeling （ B） emotion （ C） sensation （
19、 D） passion 39 Over the last fifteen years, running has become a popular _ for 30 million participants of all ages. （ A） fantasy （ B） pastime （ C） symposium （ D） penalty 40 The designer has applied for a _ for his new invention. （ A） tariff （ B） discount （ C） version （ D） patent 二、 Cloze 40 The majo
20、rity of people, about nine out of ten, are right-handed.【 71】 until recently, people who were left-handed were considered【 72】 , and once children showed this tendency they were forced to use their right hands. Today left-handedness is generally【 73】 , but it is still a disadvantage in a world【 74】
21、most people are right-handed. For example, most tools and implements are still【 75】 for right-handed people. In sports【 76】 contrast, doing things with the left hand or foot is often an advantage. Throwing, kicking, punching or batting from the “【 77】 “ side may result in throwing【 78】 many opponent
22、s who are more accustomed to dealing with the【 79】 of players who are right-handed. This is why, in many【 80】 at a professional level, a【 81】proportion of players are left-handed than in the population as a whole. The word “right“ in many languages means “correct“ or is【 82】 with lawfulness, whereas
23、 the words associated【 83】 “left“, such as “sinister“, generally have【 84】associations. Moreover, among a number of primitive peoples, there is【 85】 close association between death and the left hand. In the past, in【 86】 Western societies, children were often forced to use their right hands, especia
24、lly to write with. In some cases the left hand was【 87】 behind the childs back so that it could not be used. If, in the future, they are allowed to choose,【 88】 will certainly be more left-handers, and probably【 89】 people with minor psychological disturbances as a result of being forced to use thei
25、r【 90】 hand. （ A） Down （ B） Never （ C） Up （ D） Not （ A） Unique （ B） eccentric （ C） normal （ D） abnormal （ A） accepted （ B） admitted （ C） approved （ D） acknowledged （ A） when （ B） that （ C） where （ D） which （ A） ordered （ B） designed （ C） planned （ D） supposed （ A） by （ B） for （ C） at （ D） with （ A）
26、proper （ B） indirect （ C） correct （ D） wrong （ A） away （ B） down （ C） off （ D） up （ A） minority （ B） majority （ C） plenty （ D） lack （ A） games （ B） hobbies （ C） activities （ D） rounds （ A） more （ B） higher （ C） better （ D） smaller （ A） related （ B） mixed （ C） connected （ D） combined （ A） by （ B） wit
27、h （ C） to （ D） at （ A） negative （ B） positive （ C） similar （ D） equal （ A） the （ B） any （ C） some （ D） a （ A） all （ B） mostly （ C） any （ D） most （ A） tied （ B） attached （ C） brought （ D） removed （ A） those （ B） these （ C） there （ D） they （ A） on （ B） more （ C） greater （ D） fewer （ A） left （ B） right
28、 （ C） either （ D） correct 三、 Reading Comprehension 60 As Eleanor Roosevelt once said, “Universal human rights begin in small places, close to home.“ Tolerance org, a web site from the Southern Poverty Law Center, is helping parents across the country create homes in which tolerance and understanding
29、 are guiding themes. “Tile goal of nurturing open-minded, empathetic children is a challenging one,“ says Jennifer Holladay, director of Tolerance. org. “To cultivate tolerance, parents have to instill in children a sense of empathy, respect and responsibilityto oneself and to othersas well as the r
30、ecognition that every person on earth is a treasure.“ Holladay offers several ways parents can promote tolerance: Talk about tolerance. Tolerance education is an ongoing process; it cannot be captured in a single moment. Establish a high comfort level for open dialogue about social issues. Let child
31、ren know that no subject is taboo. Identify intolerance when children are exposed to it. Point out stereotypes and cultural misinformation depicted in movies, TV shows, computer games and other media. Challenge bias when it comes from friends and family members. Do not let the moment pass. Begin wit
32、h a qualified statement: “Andrew just called people of XYZ faith lunatics. What do you think about that, Zee?“ Let children do most of the talking. Challenge intolerance when it comes from your children. When a child says or does something that reflects biases or embraces stereotypes, confront the c
33、hild: “What makes that joke funny, Jerome?“ Guide the conversation toward internalization of empathy and respect“Mimi uses a walker. honey. How do you think she would feel about that joke?“ or “How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?“ Support your children when they are the
34、victims of intolerance. Respect childrens troubles by acknowledging when they become targets of bias. Dont minimize the experience. Provide emotional support and thee brainstorm constructive responses. For example, develop a set of comebacks m use when children are the victims of name-calling. Creat
35、e opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them. Look critically a how a child defines “normal“. Expand the definition. Visit playgrounds where a variety of children are presentpeople of different races, socioeconomic backgrounds, family structures, etc. Encourage a
36、child to spend time with eldersgrandparents, for example. Encourage children to call upon community resources. A child who is concerned about world hunger can volunteer at a local soup kitchen or homeless shelter. The earlier children internet with the community, the better. This will help convey th
37、e lesson that we are not islands unto ourselves. Model the behavior you would like to see. As a parent and as your childs primary role model, be consistent in how you treat others. Remember, you may say, “Do as I say, not as I do.“ but actions really do speak louder than words. 61 Which of the follo
38、wing statements is TRUE about Tolerance.org? （ A） It is a web site from the Northern Poverty Law Center. （ B） It is helping parents across the country create homes for orphans. （ C） Its goal is to challenge intolerant children. （ D） It helps parents cultivate a sense of empathy and responsibility in
39、 their children. 62 The underlined word “taboo“ (Para. 2) most probably means “_“. （ A） intolerable （ B） forbidden （ C） secret （ D） appropriate 63 The example of asking “How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?“ is to illustrate that it is indispensable to _. （ A） challenge i
40、ntolerance when it comes from your children （ B） identify intolerance when children are exposed to it （ C） support your children when they arc the victims of intolerance （ D） create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them 64 According to the passage, children a
41、re encouraged to do all of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） live in homeless shelter （ B） spend time with elders （ C） volunteer at a local soup kitchen （ D） visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present 65 According to Jennifer Holladay, who are childrens primary role models? （ A） Their teac
42、hers. （ B） Their parents. （ C） Their grandparents. （ D） Their peers. 65 The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among
43、 social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition
44、 are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary bec
45、ause it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for th
46、e inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The stru
47、ggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free froth meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, bu
48、t rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The s
49、uccessful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. 66 In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in
