1、考博英语模拟试卷 228及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Human choice, not the intrinsic content of science, determines the outcome and scientists, as human beings, therefore have a special responsibility to provide council rooted in_. （ A） expiration （ B） explanation （ C） expertise （ D） expenditure 2 Some
2、people want to make as much money as they can because they believe that money can bring them fame and_. （ A） directory （ B） morality （ C） prestige （ D） monopoly 3 The Olympic Games were watched by_billions of people around the world. （ A） virtually （ B） literally （ C） deliberately （ D） appropriately
3、 4 Linda could not refuse, _ she foresaw little pleasure in the visit. （ A） since （ B） for （ C） though （ D） when 5 Fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, _the same company. （ A） all else （ B） much worse （ C） less likely （ D） let alone 6 When he final
4、ly emerged from the cave after thirty days, John was_pale. （ A） enormously （ B） startlingly （ C） uniquely （ D） dramatically 7 Largely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student here works_. （ A） industrially （ B） industriously （ C） consciously （ D） purpose
5、fully 8 The coming of automation is _ to have important social consequences. （ A） like （ B） frightful （ C） bound （ D） compelled 9 You can come with me to the museum this afternoon _ you dont mind walking for half an hour. （ A） unless （ B） so far as （ C） except （ D） if 10 To some people,the greatest
6、pleasure of life is to spend their time at home watching TV and_ their pets. （ A） stroking （ B） desiring （ C） modeling （ D） flattering 11 Im very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to _ my debt in return for certain services. （ A） take away （ B） cut out （ C） write off （ D） clear up 12 T
7、he teams efforts to score were_by the opposing goalkeeper. （ A） frustrated （ B） prevented （ C） discouraged （ D） accomplished 13 The fund is for _ distress among the flood victims in the southern city. （ A） releasing （ B） detracting （ C） relieving （ D） devolve 14 Smith failed to _ for the deficit in
8、the companys hank balance. （ A） check （ B） account （ C） quest （ D） prepare 15 They suggested that an agency be created to carry out, the recommendation of the committee. （ A） implement （ B） compliment （ C） supplement （ D） complement 16 The senior citizen expressed a sentiment which _ profoundly to e
9、very Chinese heart. （ A） drew （ B） attract （ C） appealed （ D） impressed 17 The bill would establish protection againstand criminal and _ penalties forthe improper disclosure of protected patient information. （ A） domestic （ B） homely （ C） internal （ D） civil 18 Even before the treaties were _, the “
10、permanent Indian frontier“ was moved farther west, （ A） invalidated （ B） proved （ C） ratified （ D） refuted 19 Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards; _ , it should rank high on any list of science fiction. （ A） consistently （ B） consequently （ C） invariably （ D） fortunately 20 He _ so much
11、 work that he couldnt really do it efficiently. （ A） put on （ B） turned on （ C） brought on （ D） took on 21 Rightist Christian leaders called for the _ of Lebanon into Moslem and Christian states. （ A） participant （ B） panicle （ C） partition （ D） participation 22 Waste paper and glasses could be _ wh
12、ile most plastic could not. （ A） rectified （ B） recycled （ C） recruited （ D） recurred 23 James is very set in his ways, but Mark has a more _ attitude to life. （ A） tolerant （ B） flexible （ C） cautious （ D） defensive 24 A sordid, sentimental plot unwinds, with an inevitable_ending. （ A） mawkish （ B）
13、 fateful （ C） beloved （ D） perfunctory 25 The pursuit was _ when it was clear that we had won the day. （ A） called for （ B） called forth （ C） called off （ D） called up 26 Like other religious groups, the Christian churchs strong emphasis on holiness is essential to salvation. （ A） deemed （ B） doomed
14、 （ C） destined （ D） depicted 27 Her shabby clothes were often made _ by her classmates. （ A） mock （ B） fool （ C） laughter （ D） fun 28 I could see that my wife was _ having that fur coat, whether I approved of it or not. （ A） adequate for （ B） intent on （ C） short of （ D） deficient in 29 One of the s
15、tands _ and dozens of people were either killed or injured. （ A） destroyed （ B） collapsed （ C） corroded （ D） rained 30 He knew that he would be punished severely because of his serious error. Therefore he _ away the day before yesterday. （ A） cautioned （ B） fled （ C） chattered （ D） civilized 二、 Cloz
16、e 31 【 C14】 （ A） harshly （ B） huskily （ C） stricdy （ D） severely 31 Researchers who refuse to share data with others may【 51】 others to withhold results from them,【 52】 a study by health-policy analysts at Harvard Medical School. The study found that young researchers, those who publish【 53】 , and i
17、nvestigators seeking patents are most likely to be【 54】 access to biomedical data. It also found that researchers who withhold data gain a【 55】 for this, and have more difficulty in【 56】data from others. The study was【 57】 by a research team led by sociologist Eric Campbell. The team surveyed 2,366【
18、 58】 selected scientists at 117 US medical schools. Overall, 12.5 percent said that they had been denied【 59】 to other academic investigators data,【 60】 article reprints, during the past three years. This【 61】 with findings by the team and other groups. But by examining the【 62】 of data withholding,
19、 the team identified those experiencing the most【 63】 . For junior staff【 64】 , the team found that 13.5 percent were denied access,【 65】 5.1 percent of senior re searchers. The【 66】 between data withholding and researchers publishing【 67】 during the【 68】 three years was【 69】 : 7.7 percent of those
20、who had published 1 - 5 articles had had data with held from them, but this rose to 28.9 percent for researchers who had published more than 20. Campbell warns, “Selectively holding back on information from the most【 70】 researchers could slow down progress in research into the causes and cares of h
21、uman disease.“ （ A） suggest （ B） provoke （ C） propose （ D） claim （ A） because of （ B） in spite of （ C） according to （ D） owing to （ A） a lot （ B） great deal （ C） regularly （ D） frequently （ A） sought （ B） seeking （ C） being sought （ D） have sought （ A） depression （ B） reputation （ C） infamy （ D） fam
22、e （ A） acquisition （ B） requiring （ C） assigning （ D） obtaining （ A） carried （ B） conducted （ C） forged （ D） identified （ A） randomly （ B） carefully （ C） specially （ D） absolutely （ A） entry （ B） reach （ C） access （ D） use （ A） inclusive （ B） excluding （ C） exclusive （ D） refusing （ A） corresponds （
23、 B） complies （ C） compares （ D） adapts （ A） casualties （ B） victims （ C） culprits （ D） injuries （ A） hardship （ B） trial （ C） difficulty （ D） errors （ A） researchers （ B） members （ C） employees （ D） personnel （ A） in coincide with （ B） in common with （ C） in collision to （ D） in comparison to （ A） r
24、elationship （ B） contradiction （ C） comparison （ D） communication （ A） review （ B） deadline （ C） relation （ D） record （ A） proceeding （ B） progressing （ C） preceding （ D） progressive （ A） outstanding （ B） excessive （ C） exciting （ D） striking （ A） productive （ B） producing （ C） preferable （ D） presc
25、ribed 51 Even geologist is familiar with the erosion cycle. No sooner has an area of land been raised above sea-level than it becomes subject to the erosive forces of nature. The rain beats down on the ground and washed 1 the finer particles, sweeping them into rivulets and them into rivers and out
26、to sea. The frost freezes the rain water in cracks of the rocks and breaks 2 even the hardest of the constituents of the earths crust. Blocks of rock dislodged at high levels are brought down by the force of gravity. Alternate heating and 3 of bare rock surfaces causes their disintegration. In the d
27、ry regions of the world the wind is a powerful force in removing material from one area to another. All this is natural. But nature has also provided certain defensive forces. Bare rock surfaces are in 4 course protected by soil,itself de-pendent initially on the weathering of the rocks. Slowly 5 su
28、rely,different types of soil with differing profilesevolve the main types depending primarily on the climate. The protective soil covering,once it is formed,is hold together by the growth of vegetation. Grass and herbaceous plants, 6 long,branching tenuous roots,hold firmly together the surface part
29、icles. The 7 is true with the forest cover. The heavi-est tropical downpours beating on the leaves of the giant trees reach the ground only 8 spray,gently watering the surface layers and penetrating along the long passages provided by the roots to the lower levels of the soil. The soil,thus protecte
30、d by grass,herb,or trees,furnishes a quiet habitat for a myriad varied organismsearth-worms that importantly modify the soil,bacteria,active in their work of converting 9 leaves and decaying vegetation into humus and food for the growing plants. Chemical action is con-stantly taking 10 ;soil acids a
31、ttack mineral particles and salts in solution move from one layer in the soil to another. 61 Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, but people now live longer than they【 51】 Yet, all living things still show the【 52】 of aging, which will eventually【 53】 de
32、ath. Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the【 54】 they form do not function【 55】 they did in childhood and adolescence. The body provides less【 56】 against disease mad is more【 57】 accident. A number of related causes may【 58】 aging. Some cells of the b
33、ody have a fairly long life, but they are not【 59】 when they, die. As a person ages,【 60】 of brain cells and muscle cells decreases.【 61】 body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the【 62】 cells may not be as viable or as【 63】 growth as those of a young person. Another【 64】 in
34、 aging may be changes within the cells【 65】 Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known【 66】 with age and become less elastic. This is why the skin of old people【 67】 and hangs loose. This is also the reason old people【 68】 in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the ce
35、lls. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and【 69】 information that the cells need. Aging may affect this【 70】 and change the information-carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well. （ A） use to （ B） be used to （ C） used to （ D） had （ A） Sign （ B） effec
36、t （ C） fact （ D） symbol （ A） stem from （ B） yield in （ C） originate from （ D） result in （ A） brains （ B） brain （ C） heart （ D） organs （ A） as the past as （ B） as the same as （ C） as well as （ D） so long as （ A） resistance （ B） protection. （ C） energy （ D） alertness （ A） inclined to （ B） tended for （
37、 C） bent against （ D） apt at （ A） concern with （ B） contribute to （ C） reduce to （ D） bring out （ A） replaced （ B） reborn （ C） recovered （ D） recuperated （ A） a number （ B） an amount （ C） tile number （ D） most （ A） Some old （ B） Old （ C） The other （ D） Other （ A） old （ B） remaining （ C） new （ D） rep
38、laced （ A） competent to （ B） qualified to （ C） capable of （ D） helpful in （ A） factor （ B） cause （ C） reason （ D） element （ A） for themselves （ B） in themselves （ C） themselves （ D） of their own （ A） to reduce （ B） to decrease （ C） to change （ D） to decline （ A） wrinkles （ B） rumples （ C） crinkles （
39、 D） shrinks （ A） shorten （ B） shrink （ C） fatten （ D） decrease （ A） transfer out （ B） give off （ C） send off （ D） pass on （ A） mode （ B） procedure （ C） order （ D） process 81 In a telephone survey of more than 2000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved(旋转 )around the earth. An【 C1】 _7% did
40、not know which revolved around【 C2】 _I have no doubt that【 C3】 _all of these people were【 C4】_in school that the earth revolves around the sun【 C5】 _may even have written it【 C6】 _a test. But they never【 C7】 _their incorrect mental models of planetary(行星的 )【 C8】 _because their every day observations
41、 didnt support【 C9】 _their teachers told them; People see the sun moving【 C10】_the sky as morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary(静止的 ) 【 C11】 _that is happening. Students can learn the right answers【 C12】 _heart in class, and yet never combined them【 C13】 _their working models of the
42、 world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the【 C14】 _personal understanding of the world can【 C15】 _side by side, each unaffected by the other. Outside of class, the student continues to use the【 C16】 _model because it has always worked well【 C17】 _that circumstance. Unless pr
43、ofessors address【 C18】 _errors in students personal models of the world, students are not【 C19】 _to replace them with the【 C20】 _one. 82 【 C1】 （ A） excessive （ B） extra （ C） additional （ D） added 83 【 C2】 （ A） what （ B） which （ C） that （ D） other 84 【 C3】 （ A） virtually （ B） remarkably （ C） ideally
44、（ D） preferably 85 【 C4】 （ A） learned （ B） suggested （ C） taught （ D） advised 86 【 C5】 （ A） those （ B） these （ C） who （ D） they 87 【 C6】 （ A） on （ B） with （ C） under （ D） for 88 【 C7】 （ A） formed （ B） altered （ C） believed （ D） thought 89 【 C8】 （ A） operation （ B） position （ C） motion （ D） location
45、90 【 C9】 （ A） how （ B） which （ C） that （ D） what 91 【 C10】 （ A） around （ B） across （ C） on （ D） above 92 【 C11】 （ A） since （ B） so （ C） while （ D） for 93 【 C12】 （ A） to （ B） by （ C） in （ D） with 94 【 C13】 （ A） with （ B） into （ C） to （ D） along 95 【 C14】 （ A） adults （ B） teachers （ C） scientists （ D）
46、 students 96 【 C15】 （ A） exist （ B） occur （ C） survive （ D） maintain 97 【 C16】 （ A） private （ B） individual （ C） personal （ D） own 98 【 C17】 （ A） in （ B） with （ C） on （ D） for 99 【 C18】 （ A） general （ B） natural （ C） similar （ D） specific 100 【 C19】 （ A） obliged （ B） likely （ C） probable （ D） partia
47、l 101 【 C20】 （ A） perfect （ B） better （ C） reasonable （ D） correct 101 Now when I had mastered the language of this water, and had come to know every trifling features that bordered the great river as familiarly as I knew the letters of the alphabet, I had made a valuable acquisition. But I had lost
48、 something too. I had lost something which could never be【 C1】 _to me while I lived. All the grace, the beauty, the poetry had gone out of the majestic river I still keep in【 C2】 _a certain wonderful sunset which I witnessed when steam-boating was new to me. A broad expanse of the river was turned t
49、o blood; in the middle distance the red hue brightened into gold, 【 C3】 _which a solitary log came floating black and conspicuous, in one place a long, slanting mark lay sparking upon the water; in【 C4】 _the surface was broken by boiling, tumbling rings, that were as many-tinted as an opal; 【 C5】_the rud
