1、考博英语模拟试卷 68及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The lady dressed in the latest Paris fashion is _ in her appearance but rude in her speech. （ A） elaborate （ B） excessive （ C） elegant （ D） exaggerated 2 You need to rewrite this sentence because it is _ . The readers will have difficulty in understand
2、ing it. （ A） comprehensive （ B） alternative （ C） deliberate （ D） ambiguous 3 As a _ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments. （ A） flexible （ B） versatile （ C） sophisticated （ D） productive 4 There are not many teachers who are strong _ of traditional methods
3、in English teaching. （ A） sponsors （ B） contributors （ C） advocates （ D） performers 5 Although most dreams apparently happen _ , dream activity may be provoked by external influence. （ A） spontaneously （ B） simultaneously （ C） homogeneously （ D） instantaneously 6 He is holding a _ position in the co
4、mpany and expects to be promoted soon. （ A） subordinate （ B） succeeding （ C） successive （ D） subsequent 7 Anyone who does not speak the native language, _ Chinese or English, will be accompanied by a translator. （ A） being it （ B） it being （ C） is it （ D） be it 8 This is an ideal site for a universi
5、ty _ it is far from the downtown area. （ A） provided that （ B） now that （ C） so that （ D） in that 9 It is essential that you _ your study habits if you expect to do well in college. （ A） changed （ B） change （ C） changing （ D） will change 10 Those who _ the weather as a conventional opening seem to b
6、e ignorant of the reason why human beings wish to talk. （ A） dispose （ B） dispatch （ C） dismiss （ D） despise 11 The United States (has sent) several (spacecrafts) into orbits (around the earth) and has collected a lot of (information). （ A） has sent （ B） spacecrafts （ C） around the earth （ D） inform
7、ation 12 He had a serious car (accident) last week and (broke) his left leg because he got (drunk) and drove too (fastly). （ A） accident （ B） broke （ C） drunk （ D） fastly 13 (Like expected), experimental (studies) show that we should neither run nor scream when (encountering) a fierce animal (like)
8、a lion. （ A） Like expected （ B） studies （ C） encountering （ D） like 14 It is not (surprised) that Mr. Smith got no help when he (fell ill). He wasnt (on) good terms with anyone in the (neighbourhood). （ A） surprised （ B） fell ill （ C） on （ D） neighbourhood 15 (See to it) that the lady (got) what she
9、 (wants) and (return to) her hometown safely. （ A） See to it （ B） got （ C） wants （ D） return to 16 According to the (literature) in this field, expert (evidences) originally (appeared) in England, and later (got widen used) in the Commonwealth countries. （ A） literature （ B） evidences （ C） appeared
10、（ D） got widen used 17 (Viewing biologically), modem (footballers) are (revealed) by the mass media as members of a disguised (hunting pack). （ A） Viewing biologically （ B） footballers （ C） revealed （ D） hunting pack 18 (During) the early stages of the industrial revolution, perhaps (one in every se
11、ven) (deaths) in Europe s (crowded cities) was caused by tuberculosis. （ A） During （ B） one in every seven （ C） deaths （ D） crowded cities 19 Treating old folks (kind), in my opinion, is (more a question) of (civilized) behaviour (as) good manners. （ A） kind （ B） more a question （ C） civilized （ D）
12、as 20 Sichuan University has not only (a variety of) departments (but) a large (student body) (consisting in) many people from different countries all over the world. （ A） a variety of （ B） but （ C） student body （ D） consisting in 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 Three English dictionaries published rece
13、ntly all lay claim to possessing a “new“ feature. The BBC English Dictionary, contains background information on 1,000 people and places prominent in the news since 1988; the Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary Encyclopedic Edition is the OALD plus encyclopedic entries; the Longman Dictionary of Engl
14、ish Language and Culture is the LDOEL plus cultural information. The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly “cultural“ as well as language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not identical, making direct comparis
15、ons between the three difficult. While there is some common ground between the encyclopedic: cultural entries for the Oxford and Longman dictionaries, there is a clear difference. Oxford lays claim to being encyclopedic on content whereas Longman distinctly concentrates on the language and culture o
16、f the English-speaking world. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman publication because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world. The cultural objectives
17、 of the BBC dictionary are in turn more distinct still. Based on an analysis of over 70 million words recorded from the BBC World Service and National Public Radio of Washington over a period of four years, their 1,000 brief encyclopedic entries are based on people and places that have featured in t
18、he news recently. The intended user they have in mind is a regular listener to the World Service who will have a reasonable standard of English and a developed skill in listening comprehension. In reality, though, the BBC dictionary will be purchased by a far wider range of language learners, as wil
19、l the other two dictionaries. We will be faced with a situation where many of the users of these dictionaries will at the very least have distinct socio-cultural perspectives and may have world views which are totally opposed and even hostile to those of the West. Advanced learners from this kind of
20、 background will not only evalue a dictionary on how user-friendly it is but will also have definite views about the scope and appropriateness of the various socio-cultural entries. 21 What feature sets apart the three dictionaries discussed in the passage from traditional ones ? （ A） The combinatio
21、n of two dictionaries into one. （ B） The new approach to defining words. （ C） The inclusion of cultural content. （ D） The increase in the number of entries. 22 The Longman dictionary is more likely to be criticized for cultural prejudice because _. （ A） its scope of cultural entries goes beyond the
22、culture of the English-speaking countries （ B） it pays little attention to the cultural content of the non-English-speaking countries （ C） it views the world purely from the standpoint of the English-speaking people （ D） it fails to distinguish language from culture in its encyclopedic entries 23 Th
23、e BBC dictionary differs from Oxford and Longman in that _. （ A） it has a wider selection of encyclopedic entries （ B） it is mainly designed to meet the needs of radio listeners （ C） it lays more emphasis on language than on culture （ D） it is intended to help listeners develop their listening compr
24、ehension skills 24 It is implied in the last paragraph that in approaching socio-cultural content in a dictionary, special thought should be given to _. （ A） the language levels of its users （ B） the number of its prospective purchasers （ C） the different tastes of users （ D） the various cultural ba
25、ckgrounds of its users 25 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） Different ways of treating socio-cultural elements in the three new English dictionaries. （ B） A comparison of people s opinions on the cultural content in the three new English dictionaries. （ C） The advantages of the BBC dictionary o
26、ver Oxford and Longman. （ D） The user-friendliness of the three new English dictionaries. 25 To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf s assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source o
27、f social change. Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation: it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass
28、 of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology: they provide cases in which well-planed systems sudd
29、enly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and s
30、o far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years a head remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination. Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolutio
31、n. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in file same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when
32、we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not file machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production, and through mass production, to a society, in which wealth was not confined to the few. In
33、 somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical method
34、s. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods, it is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predictin
35、g the impact on society. 26 A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it _. （ A） is used both as a cultural and a physical object （ B） serves different purposes equally well （ C） is utilized by man （ D） can be of use to both man and animal 27 The examples of the Challenger and Chern
36、obyl cited by the author serve to show that _. （ A） if not given close examination, technology could be used to destroy our word （ B） technology is a human creation, so we are responsible for it （ C） technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by man （ D） being a human creation, technology is l
37、iable to error 28 According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because _. （ A） the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mind （ B） the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before （ C） it has helped to switch to an information
38、 technology （ D） it has a great potential impact on society 29 By using the phrase the human quality of technology ( Para. 2 ), the author refers to the fact that technology _. （ A） has a gent impact on human life （ B） has some characteristics of human nature （ C） can replace some aspects of the hum
39、an mind （ D） does not exist in the natural world 30 The passage is based on the author s _. （ A） keen insight into the nature of technology （ B） prejudiced criticism of the role of the industrial Revolution （ C） cautious analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computers （ D） exaggerated des
40、cription of the negative consequences of technology 30 It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decli
41、ne of net weight from 12 to 10.5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated box that pictured, in a single slice, almost as many cherries as there
42、 were in the whole pie. The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakf
43、ast foods, cake mixes, etc. A study of drugstore and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible sizes and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles, and tins are in use at the same time, and as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new siz
44、e and shape of box or bottle when it aids in product differentiation. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes,
45、 materials, shape, art work, and net weights that are used for improving a product s market position. When a packaging expert explained that be was able to multiply the price of hard sweets by $ 2.5, from $1 to $ 2.5 by changing to a fancy jar, or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it
46、held 8 ounces, he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive luxury. It evidently does come high, when an average family pays about $ 200 a year for bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers, most of which can t be used for anything but stuffing the garbage can. 31
47、 What started the public and Confessional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus? （ A） Consumers complaint about the changes in package size. （ B） Expensive packaging for poor quality products. （ C） A senator s discovery of the tricks in packaging. （ D） The rise in the unit price for many products
48、. 32 The word “undue“ (Line Para. 2) means“ _.“. （ A） improper （ B） adequate （ C） unexpected （ D） excessive 33 Consumers are concerned about the changes in package size, mainly because _. （ A） they hate to see any changes in things they are familiar with （ B） the unit price for a product often rises
49、 as a result （ C） they have to pay for the cost of changing package sizes （ D） this entails an increase in the cost of packaging 34 According to this passage, various types of packaging come into existence to _. （ A） meet the needs of consumers （ B） suit all kinds of products （ C） enhance the market position of products （ D） introduce new products 35 The author is critical mainly of _. （ A） dishonest packaging （ B） inferior packaging （ C） the changes in package size （ D）
