1、职称英语理工类 A级（阅读判断）历年真题试卷汇编 1及答案与解析 一、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 0 Europas Watery Underworld Europa, one of Jupiters 63 known moons, looks bright and icy on the surface. But appearances can be deceiving: Miles
2、 within its cracked, frigid shell, Europa probably hides giant pools of liquid water. Where scientists find liquid water, they hope to find life as well. Since we cant go diving into Europas depths just yet, scientists instead have to investigate the moons surface for clues to what lies beneath. In
3、a new study, scientists investigated one group of strange ice patterns on Europa and concluded that the formations mark the top of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U. S. Great Lakes. Pictures of Europa, which is slightly smaller than Earths moon, clearly show a tangled, icy mishma
4、sh of lines and cracks known as “chaos terrains. “ These chaotic places cover more than half of Europa. For more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes the formations. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vast underground stores of liquid water with icy material nea
5、r the surface. For scientists who suspect that Europa also may be hiding life beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake is exciting. “It would be great if these lakes harbored life,“ Britney Schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study, told Science News. “But even if they didnt
6、, they say that Europa is doing something interesting and active right now. “ Schmidt, a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin, and her colleagues wanted to know how chaos terrains form. Since they couldnt rocket to Europa to see for themselves, they searched for similar formations here on
7、Earth. They studied collapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Those features on Earth formed when liquid water mixed with ice. The scientists now suspect something similar might be happening on Europa: that as water and ice of different temperatures mingle and shift,
8、the surface fractures. This would explain the jumbled ice sculptures. “Fracturing catastrophically disrupts the ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to collapse on Earth,“ Schmidt told Science News. She and her team found that the process could be causing chaos terrains to form quickly on
9、Europa. The new study suggests that on this moon, elements such as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies of water. That mixture may create an environment that supports life.(2012年 ) 1 The liquid water of an underground pool of Europa is estimated equivalent with that of the US Great lak
10、es. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mention 2 The strange ice patterns on Europa are formed as a result of a giant underground water pool. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mention 3 Europa is the most recently discovered one among Jupiters moons. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mention 4 The size of Eur
11、opa is a bit larger than that of Earths moon. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mention 5 Schmidt and her colleagues are the first group of scientists discovering Europa. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mention 6 The formations on Europas surface are rather unique. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mention
12、 7 The existence of liquid water is a necessity for a life-support. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mention 7 California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality, now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the
13、 Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt(兆瓦 )of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016. But some major challenges will have to be overcome if the technology is to be used widely. A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites, which it says will use
14、radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth. The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous(与地球同步的 )orbit. Earth-based solar cells, by contrast, can only collect sun light during daytime and when skies are clear.
15、But space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服 )with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space, says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. “If youre talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth, its a tough go. “ he says. Cal Boerman, So
16、larens director of energy services, says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down. “We knew we had to come up with a different, revolutionary design,“ he says. A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the systems weight, including using inflatable min
17、ors to focus sunlight on solar cells, so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy. But using minors introduces other challenges, including keeping the solar cells from overheating, says Schwartz. “You have to take care of heat dissipation(散发 )because youre now concentrating a lot of en
18、ergy in one place,“ he says. According to the companys patent, Solarens solar cells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool. Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work, it is not expecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy. Laws in Cali
19、fornia and other states require increasing use of renewable energy in coming years, he points out. “To meet those needs, were going to need all types of renewable energy sources,“ he says.(2010年 ) 8 Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C
20、） Not mentioned 9 Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 10 Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 11 One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is
21、economical. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 12 Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 13 Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 14 Many
22、 countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 14 A Dolphin and an Astronomer One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute whic
23、h was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intelligent creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back. The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomac
24、h again, as the astronomer had done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a sound just like the word “more“. The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident. “Oh, ye
25、s. Thats one of the words he knows,“ the director said, showing no surprise at all. Dolphins have bigger brain in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions,
26、such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphin than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a “language“, in the real sense of the wor
27、d? Scientists dont agree on this. A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure and what we call a grammar. The structure and grammar of a language help to give it meaning. For example, the two questions “Who loves Mary?“ and “Who does Mary love?“ mean very
28、 different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesnt come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question “Can dolphins speak?“ cant be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange the
29、m in a grammatical order which affects their meaning.(2003年 ) 15 The astronomer was not interested in the way dolphins communicate with each other. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 16 The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sagan was too near the water. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not menti
30、oned 17 Parts of the dolphins brain are particularly well developed to handle different kinds of sound. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals. （ A）
31、 Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Earth Rocks on Most of th
32、e time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet. Thats comforting. But its also misleading because theres actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land(called plates)slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years
33、. Scientists know that Earth formed about 4. 5 billion years ago. They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust(地壳 ), eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question. Now, an international group of
34、 researchers has an answer. Theyve found new evidence suggesting that Earths crust started shifting at least 3. 8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones. Not long before 3. 8 billion years ago, lots of asteroids(小行星 )were hitting Earth, keeping its crust
35、in a hot, melted state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planets hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface. In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the Isua supracrustal(
36、上地壳 )belt. The rocky crust there is between 3. 7 and 3. 8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air. The researchers recently took a close look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a
37、type of volcanic rock. To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock, called magma(岩浆 ), flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the whole area cooled, forming what we see today. T
38、hat explanation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under the ocean, beginning around 3. 8 billion years ago.(2011年 ) 22 The ground beneath our feet is indeed still. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 23 The shape of lands and
39、 oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 24 Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 25 Scientists once estimated that Earths crust started shifting three billion years ago. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong
40、（ C） Not mentioned 26 It took a long time for the melted crust to become hard. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 27 The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 8 billion years ago. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 28 The Isua supracrustal belt is now a
41、 popular holiday resort. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 职称英语理工类 A级（阅读判断）历年真题试卷汇编 1答案与解析 一、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面 的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 题干：欧罗巴地下水池的液态水估计与美国五大湖区液态水量相当。由关键词 liquid water定位到第二段 “an un
42、derground pool that holds as much water as the U S Great Lakes”，故选 A。 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题 解析】 题干：欧罗巴奇特的冰面模式是地下水池形成的结果。根据关键词ice patterns定位到第三段内容可知，该题干的因果关系与原文内容正好相反。故选 B。 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 题干：欧罗巴是新近发现的木星卫星之一。根据关键词 Jupiter定位到原文第一段 “Europa， one of Jupiters 63 known moons， looks bright and icy on the surface
43、 ”原文并没有讲到欧罗巴是何时发现的，故答案为 C。 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 题干；欧罗巴的体积比地球卫星的体积要大一点儿。根据关键词EarthS moon定位到第三段首句 “Pictures of Europa， which is slightly smaller than EarthS moon， clearly show a tangled， icy mishmash of lines and cracks known aschaos terrains ”可知欧罗巴的体积比地球卫星的体积略小。故答案为B。 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 题干： Sehmidt和她的同事是
44、发现欧罗巴的首批科学家。根据关键词 Schmidt and her colleagues定位到第六段首句 “Sehmidt， a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin， and her colleagues wanted to know how chaos terrains form ”文中并未提及 Schmidt和她的同事是否首批发现欧罗巴的科学家，故答案为 C。 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 题干：欧罗巴的表面构成是独一 无二的。根据关键词 the formations定位到文章第六段 “Since they couldnt r
45、ocket to Europa to see for themselves， they searched for similar formations here on Earth ”由此可知Schmidt因为无法飞去欧罗巴，只能在地球上研究相似的构成。可见，其formation并不是独一无二的，故答案为 B。 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 题干：液态水的存在是支撑生命的必需品。根据关键词 lifesupport定位到文章最后一段 “The new study suggests that on this moon， elements such as oxygen from the surf
46、ace blend with the deep bodies of water That mixture may create an anvironment that supports life ”可知，氧气和水可以支持生命。故选 A。 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 题干大意：太阳能卫星将用无线电 波来收集来自太空的能量。本题给出的信息是正确的，由关键词 solarpower satellites确定，文章第一段中提到： ofpower beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016，太阳能卫星会使用无线电波从太空发射能
47、量光束。 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 题干大意： Solaren将设计 200颗太阳能卫星。文章没有谈到这方面的信息，在第一段中提到 200这个数字： the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200megawatt(兆瓦 )of power beamed down from solar power satellites beginning in 2016从 2016年起，太平洋天然气和电力公司将购买 200兆瓦的电能，此电能收集于太阳能卫星。所以题干所述与文章信息无关。 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 题干大意：太空太阳能电池仅在晴天可以
48、收集太阳能。本题给出的信息是错误的。文章在第三段末尾提到： Earthbased solar cells， by contrast，can only collect sun light during daytime and when skies are clear在地球上的太阳能电池只能在白天且无云的时候收集阳光，题干所述与文章信息的范围不一致。 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 题干大意：太空太阳能电池的优点之一就是省钱。本题给出的信息是错误的。从文章第四段 But space-based,solar power must grapple(努力克服 )with the high cost
49、per kilogram of launching things into space但太空太阳能必须竭力减少向太空发射每一公斤物品而付出的高昂成本，即成本高的问题。由此可以看出题干所述是错误的。 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 题干大意：充气未满是用来降低太空太阳能电力系统的重量。本题给出的信息是正确的，从文章第五段提到： A patent the company has won describes waysto reduce the systems weight我们知道这家公司的一项专利说明了降低此系统重量的 多种方法。 13 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 题干大意：太空太阳能将排除其他形式的新能源。本题给出的信息是错误的。从文章最后一段提到： It is not expecting to crowd out other forms of renewableenergy我们知道它 (从太空中获得的太阳能 )并不会挤掉其他形式的可再生能源。 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 题干大意：很多国家不久将允许使用太空太阳能电池。文章没有谈到这方面的信息。文章
