1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 14及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The idea of not having to get up early every morning is rather appealing to me. （ A） unbelievable （ B） demanding （ C） relaxing （ D） fascinating 2 Doctors strongly recommend that fathers should
2、 be present at their babys birth. （ A） comment （ B） request （ C） suggest （ D） demand 3 Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. （ A） proves （ B） shows （ C） finds （ D） concludes 4 Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance. （ A） booked （ B） bought （ C） sold （ D） o
3、btained 5 After a days fierce fighting, the enemy finally had to remove their troops from the occupied area. （ A） retreat （ B） return （ C） dismiss （ D） withdraw 6 The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to determine the place for himself. （ A） spot （ B） locate （ C） place （ D）
4、situate 7 Niagara Falls is a great tourist site, drawing millions of visitors every year. （ A） attention （ B） attraction （ C） appointment （ D） arrangement 8 When people become unemployed, it is loafing often worse than lack of wages. （ A） laziness （ B） poverty （ C） idleness （ D） inability 9 The chil
5、ds abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor. （ A） bad （ B） frightening （ C） repeated （ D） unusual 10 Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments. （ A） assign （ B） persuade （ C） ask （ D） order 11 Her behavior is extremely childish. （ A） simple （ B） immature （ C） beautiful （ D） fool
6、ish 12 This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the south. （ A） praises （ B） writes （ C） imitates （ D） describes 13 The meaning is still obscure. （ A） vague （ B） transparent （ C） alien （ D） significant 14 Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies. （ A） destroy （ B） decrease （ C） dela
7、y （ D） pollute 15 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules. （ A） remember （ B） follow （ C） understand （ D） learn 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根 据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Bacteria Bacteria are extremely small living thin
8、gs. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousand of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter
9、. Thus if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1. 6 kilometers) tall. Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 ti
10、mes, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “ hairs“ called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the ba
11、cteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism. From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium water is as
12、thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this wa
13、y and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment. 16 Bacteria are extremely small and its size is measured in microns. （ A） R
14、ight （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Rod-shaped bacteria are smaller than the rounded ones. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Its hard to see bacteria clearly even with an ordinary microscope. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 All the bacteria have more than one flagellum. （ A）
15、Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 People have done a lot of research on the mechanism which makes some bacteria move. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Bacteria bounce in the water, because they clash with water molecules. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Bacteria are harmf
16、ul for our health. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Health Education 1 Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy b
17、ehavior. A persons behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished (营养 ) child, and the butcher (屠夫，卖肉的人 ) who gets a cut on his finger. By changing their behavior these individua
18、ls can solve and prevent many of their own problems. 2 Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services. One example of this is immunization (免疫 ) : scientists have made many vaccines (疫苗 ) to prevent diseases, but this achievement
19、 is of no value unless people go to receive immunization. 3 Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevent illness, cures disease and contributes to recovery. The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health educa
20、tion programs. Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education. 4 Health education is not the same thing as health information. Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior su
21、ch as availability (可获性 ) of resources, effectiveness of community leader-ship, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. H
22、ealth education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves. 5 Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families,
23、communities, and even regional authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life. A. Importance of immunization B. Relationship with other health services C. Creation of necessary conditions for healthy behavior D. Encouraging unhealth
24、y behavior E. Encouragement of behavior good for your health F. Addressing a variety of behavior-affecting factors 23 Paragraph 2 _. 24 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 26 A. disease prevention B. health education C. healthy behavior D. unhealthy behavior E. other health services F
25、. many vaccines 27 Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of _. 28 Immunization contributes to _. 29 Health education cannot take the place of _. 30 Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Sleeplessness In
26、somnia or sleeplessness is a common complaint of women as they enter into menopause. Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep for staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was no! adequate for you. For women who are having night sweats, their sleep is broken by frequent awakening and therefo
27、re not refreshing. Generally once the night sweats are controlled a normal sleep pattern returns. If it doesnt, it may be, or have become chronic insomnia. How do you know? If you suffer from insomnia every night or most nights for a period of one month then you have chronic insomnia. If youre not h
28、aving night sweats then its time to look for other causes of sleeplessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common causes of chronic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified health care provider. Movement disorders such as restless leg syndrome are second o
29、n the list of insomnia for them; there are new medicines that may help. Other common causes are shift working and pain. In up to 30% of people with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified. Medical treatment of these people has generally been with sleeping pills. It is estimated that 25% of the a
30、dult population in America took some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleeping pills should only be in the lowest dose and for the shortest possible time. Sleep hygiene is directed at changing bad sleep habits. The recommendations are: -Go to bed only when sleepy. -
31、Do not wait up to a specified time. -Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening, etc. 31 The word “insomnia“ in the first paragraph means _. （ A） having trouble falling or staying asleep （ B） feeling that ones sleep is adequate for him （ C） having no sweats at night （ D） having a normal sleep pattern
32、 32 How many possible causes of sleeplessness are mentioned in the second paragraph? （ A） Five. （ B） Six. （ C） Seven. （ D） Numerous. 33 The expression “second on the list“ in the second paragraph means _. （ A） the second least important cause of sleeplessness （ B） the second most important cause of
33、sleeplessness （ C） the second on the doctors list about sleepless people （ D） the second on the writers list recording sleeplessness 34 Concerning the use of sleeping pills, which of the following statements is true? （ A） Most adult Americans use sleeping pills for sleep. （ B） Doctors seldom give sl
34、eepless people sleeping pills. （ C） Sleeping pills should be used for a very fixed period. （ D） Sleeping pills should be used in a very small amount. 35 Which of the following does not fit with sleep hygiene? （ A） Making a rule to go to bed at a specific time every day. （ B） Going to bed when sleepy
35、, not always at the same time. （ C） Trying not to drink any caffeine and alcohol in the evening. （ D） Changing bad sleep habits and following doctors advice. 35 Common-cold Sense You cant beat it, but you dont have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because its more common in winter. Th
36、e fact is, though, being cold doesnt have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses， and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to a
37、dults, because they have more colds than adults-an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They havent had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have
38、the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it-but only it. Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another persons hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes in the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is fou
39、nd under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces. Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds. But even careful hygiene wont ward off
40、every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes? The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rests a good place to start. But youll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar ( or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits. 36 A
41、ccording to the essay, you may have a cold because _. （ A） the weather is too cold （ B） the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected （ C） another persons coughing passes the cold to you （ D） you wash your hands too often 37 The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is _. （ A） to keep yours
42、elf clean （ B） to use a disinfectant soap （ C） to take two aspirins every day （ D） to drink lots of water 38 Children have more colds because _. （ A） they are usually infected about eight times each year （ B） they are not immune to many cold viruses yet （ C） they never wash their hands so that their
43、 thumbnails are dirty （ D） they dont like eating lemon 39 When you are having a old _. （ A） it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time （ B） it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time （ C） it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time （ D） it is probably
44、not the same kind of cold that you had last time 40 When one is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT _. （ A） coughing （ B） having a sore throat （ C） having a runny nose （ D） having a stomachache 40 Drug Reactions-a Major Cause of Death Adverse drug reactions may cause t
45、he deaths of over 100,000 US hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association. “The incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in US hospitals was found to be extremely high. “ say
46、 researchers at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined an ADR as “any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which occurs at doses used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or
47、 therapy. “ An average 6.7% of all hospitalized patients experience an ADR every year, according to the researchers. They estimate that “ In 1994, overall 2,216,000 hospitalized patients had serious ADRs, and 106,000 had fatal ADRs. “ This means that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause
48、of death in America. And these incidence figures are probably conservative, the researchers add, since their ADR, definition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug administration, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures. The control of ADRs also means spending more money. One US
49、 study estimated the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to $ 4 billion per year. Dr. David Bates of Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that healthcare workers need to pay more attention to the problem, especially since many ADRs are easily preventable. “When a patient develops an allergy or sensitivity, it is often not recorded, “ Bates notes, “and patients receive drugs to which they have kno
