1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 24及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters such as A1 Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan. （ A） violent criminals （ B） politicians （ C） musicians （ D） industriali
2、sts 2 The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. （ A） difficult （ B） worried （ C） anxious （ D） unhappy 3 It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished. （ A） pulled down （ B） rebuilt （ C） renovated （ D） whitewashed 4 Although originally a German innova
3、tion, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children. （ A） an easy （ B） a playful （ C） an open （ D） a better 5 We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious. （ A） effective （ B） clever （ C） implausible （ D）
4、original 6 Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it. （ A） competitive （ B） diligent （ C） qualified （ D） competent 7 He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career. （ A） hot-tempered （ B） energetic （ C） polluted （ D） sympathetic 8 Not all m
5、ember states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously. （ A） adhered to （ B） abandoned （ C） applied （ D） adopted 9 Examination papers of the class were marked without bias. （ A） immediately （ B） correctly （ C） fairly （ D） carefully 10 The construction of the railway is said to have been
6、terminated. （ A） resumed （ B） put an end to （ C） suspended （ D） re-scheduled 11 He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism. （ A） long and detailed （ B） short and clear （ C） comprehensive （ D） professional 12 The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful. （ A） effi
7、cient （ B） respectable （ C） well-informed （ D） respectful 13 The new job will provide you with invaluable experience. （ A） simply useless （ B） really practical （ C） very little （ D） extremely useful 14 The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me. （ A） reasonable （ B） sensible （ C
8、） crazy （ D） unbelievable 15 In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue. （ A） extremely thorough （ B） long and boring （ C） superficial （ D） unconvincing 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请
9、选择 C。 15 Plants in Desert Only special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert, for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75 . Furthermore, during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the suns ray. Another problem is the
10、 fact that there are frequently strong winds which drive small, sharp particles of sand into the plants, tearing and damaging them. The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life, however, is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring. Grasses and fl
11、owers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long, hot, dry season in the form of seeds. These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls. If no rain falls, or if insufficient rain falls, they wait until the next year, or even still the next. Another fac
12、tor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short. By the time that the water from the spring rains disappearsjust a few weeks after it falls such plants no longer need any. The perennials have special features which enable them to survive as plants for several year
13、s. Thus, nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground. The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in a short time. The small shoot system, on the other hand, considerably limits water loss by evaporation
14、. Another feature of many desert perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long, dry season, just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter. This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry season. Then, in next rai
15、ny season, they come fully alive once more, and grow new branches, leaves and flowers, just as the grasses and flowers in desert do. 16 Ordinary plants are unable to survive in the desert mainly because of the changeable weather. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Grasses and flowers in des
16、ert are able to survive because they stay in the form of seeds to wait for the right amount of water to come. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Grasses and flowers in the desert whose life cycles are short shows their ability to adapt to the quick disappearance of rainwater there after it
17、fails in spring. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Winter is the toughest season for grasses and flowers to survive in desert. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The shoot system of perennials can help the plants absorb less of the suns ray. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentione
18、d 21 The theme of the second last paragraph is why the perennials can survive as plants for several years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Desert perennials lose their leaves after the rainy season just as trees lose theirs in wetter climates before winter arrives, but the reasons for th
19、is feature are different. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Ford 1. Fords great strength was the manufacturing process - not invention. Long before he started
20、 a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891, although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and marke
21、t. 2. The companys assembly line alone threw Americas Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转 ). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Fords friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time For
22、ds Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响 ) along in 1914, the worlds first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes. 3. The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $ 5 - a day minimum wage scheme. The greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto i
23、ndustry then was $ 2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didnt involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan “an
24、economic crime“. And critics everywhere laughed at Ford. 4. But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Fords dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的 ) to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the high
25、er wages didnt matter-except for making it possible for more People to buy cars. A. Fords Followers B. The Assembly Line C. Fords Great Dream D. The Establishment of the Company E. Fords Biggest Contribution F. Fords Great Talent 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ 26
26、 A. criticized by the media B. the low wage in the auto industry C. own a car D. produce cars in large numbers E. the 8-hour-shift practice F. combined technology and market 27 The assembly line made it possible to _. 28 Ford was the first to adopt _. 29 Higher wages enabled many people to _. 30 For
27、ds higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Plant Gas Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane (甲烷，沼气 ) for decades but hadnt regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist(地球化学家 ) at the
28、 Max Planek Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.
29、 Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes(微生物 ) need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide
30、 trap heat in Earths atmosphere and contribute to global warming. In its experiments, Kepplers team used sealed chambers (室，房间；腔 ) that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earths atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant
31、 material, such as fallen leaves. With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees CAt 30 degrees C., they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms(微克 ) of methane per hour (One nanogram is a billionth of a
32、gram. ). With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled. Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled (增加三倍 ) when living and dead plant
33、 was exposed to sunlight. Because there was plenty of oxygen available, its unlikely that the types of bacteria( bacterium 的复数，细菌 ) that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. Thats another strong sign
34、that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes. The new finding is an “interesting observation,“ says Jennifer Y.King, a biogeochemist(生物地球化学家 ) at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reac
35、hing the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plants influence, she notes. 31 What was scientists understanding of methane? （ A） It was produced from plants. （ B） It was not a greenhouse gas. （ C） It was produced in oxygen-free environments. （ D） It traps more heat than any other gre
36、enhouse gas. 32 To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists created _. （ A） a oxygen-free environment （ B） an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has （ C） a carbon dioxide-free environment （ D） an environment filled with the greenhouse gas 33 Which state
37、ment is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment? （ A） The lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions. （ B） Living plants releas less methane than dried plants at the same temperature. （ C） When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane. （ D） The high
38、er the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions. 34 Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage? （ A） Plants growing in soil release methane. （ B） Plants growing in water release methane. （ C） Soil microbes consume methane. （ D） Microbes in plants produce met
39、hane. 35 What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane? （ A） Methane becomes less poisonous. （ B） Methane is turned into a fertilizer. （ C） Less methane reaches the atmosphere. （ D） Air becomes cleaner. 35 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories To sleep. Perchance to file? F
40、indings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzzs. Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the bra
41、in waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating(散发 ) from the somato-sensory (耳、目、口等以外的 ) neocortex (新大脑皮层 ) ( an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus(海马 ), which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that
42、oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a ke
43、y step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels. Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes(糖尿病，多尿症 ) suffer from increased memory proble
44、ms. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall tests, brai
45、n scans (细看，审视，浏览，扫描 ) and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the bodys tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampu
46、s shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar. “Our study suggests that this impairment (损害、损伤 ) may contribute to the memory deficits (赤字、不足额 ) that occur as people age. “ Convit says. “And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse so
47、me age-associated problems in cognition. “ Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check(阻止、制止 ), so there may be one more reason to go to the gym. 36 Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file?“ （ A） Does brain arrange me
48、mories in useful order during sleep? （ B） Does brain have memories when one is sleeping? （ C） Does brain remember files after one falls asleep? （ D） Does brain work on files in sleep? 37 What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University? （ A） The electrical ac
49、tivity is emanating from the somatosensory neocortex. （ B） Oscillations in brain waves are from hippocampus. （ C） Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation. （ D） Somatosensory neocortex plays a primary role in memory consolidation. 38 What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4 ? （ A） People with poor memory have high glucose tolerance. （ B） People with go
