1、阅读同步练习试卷 33及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on
2、the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 Scientists in the 1950s proclaimed the robot the brainwave (灵感，灵机 ) of the future it would free housewives of drudgery (单调沉闷的工作 ) and fill factories with tireless work force. But in many ways, the brainwave has been a washout. Robots can pain
3、t cars, salvage (收集 ) nuclear fuel and even assist in brain surgery, but theyre still pretty dumb. Mr. Reddy says robots are dumb “because we havent taken the trouble to put the pieces together, not because we dont know how. That takes money and time and effort, and we dont have the money“. But toda
4、y robots can recognize forms and shapes and measure distances. They can hear and speak by using computers that recognize thousands of words. Their sensors can detect smoke or fumes. They can move about rolling on wheels or walk with as many as eight legs like a spider on uneven terrain (地面 ,地带 ). In
5、 addition, they can recognize texture and the force of a movement, such as pressing. Many robots have one or two of these abilities to some degree, but creating a competent robot that combines most or all of them has been difficult. Scientists have also found it difficult to match human abilities th
6、at most people take for granted such as the fingers dexterity (灵巧 ,熟练 ) or the ability to identify objects. “The list of things that robots can do better than humans is much shorter than the list of things robots cannot,“ says Tom Smith from the Cambridge Mellon Institute. 1 Which of the following b
7、est expresses the ideas of the passage? （ A） Robots still have a long way to go. （ B） What can robots do today. （ C） How to improve the abilities of robots. （ D） Difficulties in creating a competent robot. 2 In the 1950s scientists predicted that robots_. （ A） would have brains （ B） would replace wo
8、rkers in factories （ C） would be able to salvage nuclear fuel （ D） would be pretty dumb 3 The present state of robots is due to_. （ A） scientists inability to create a competent robot （ B） shortage of money and time （ C） inadequate technical know-how （ D） the trouble in putting together a robot 4 Wh
9、ich of the following abilities is NOT possessed by robots? （ A） Identifying objects. （ B） Sense of smell. （ C） Moving on flat floor. （ D） Recognizing things. 5 When the author says robots are still pretty dumb, he means_. （ A） robots have not yet possessed sense of touch （ B） robots still cannot rea
10、d （ C） there are still many things robots cannot do （ D） humans are no match for robots 5 Since the late 1930s the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the United States has been working to promote native language literacy among Indians. Indians were to be taught to read and write in their native language be
11、fore being taught English. Studies in many cultures around the world demonstrate that children learn to read best in their mother tongue. Bilingual reading books and other educational materials were prepared in Navaho, Hopi, Siouan, Pueblo, and Papago languages. The difficulties were tremendous beca
12、use many American Indian languages are distinctively different in structure from all other languages in the world. They do not have “words“ in the sense that other languages doas independent meaningful sound sequences that combine into “sentences“. Their “sentences“ are made by combining prefixes, i
13、nfixes, and suffixes into what looks like one long word but is essentially the equivalent of our sentence. It is impossible, in other words, to make an Indian utterance that is not a sentence. In our sense, Indian languages do not have parts of speech, conjugations etc. The sentence is the smallest
14、structure available to speakers of the language. Therefore bridging the translation gap between English and such language is a massive feat. In most cases, Indian children need to be bilingual though not necessarily be literate. That is, they need to speak their native language to participate fully
15、in their home and tribal affairs. But, they do not need to read and write that language. On the other hand, they also need a reading, writing, and speaking knowledge of English, not only to get their due in this country but, ironically, also to preserve their heritage. 6 In the first sentence “liter
16、acy“ means_. （ A） freedom （ B） concerning literature （ C） quality （ D） being able to read and/or write 7 Indian bilingual textbooks were difficult to write because_. （ A） there were few qualified bilingual writers （ B） there are so many differences among the Indian languages （ C） Indian languages ar
17、e essentially different in structure from English （ D） Indians were not interested in learning English 8 Mistakes that would be impossible to make in the Indian languages are_. （ A） punctuation errors （ B） spelling errors （ C） incomplete sentences （ D） inappropriate word choice 9 According to this p
18、assage, Indians who are literate in English have the advantage of being able to_. （ A） preserve their own heritage （ B） talk with other English-speaking Indians （ C） better understand the United States history （ D） pursue their native literature 10 Which phrase best expresses the main idea of this p
19、assage? （ A） The importance of bilingual reading books. （ B） Language problems confronting the American Indian. （ C） Historical backgrounds of American-Indian English. （ D） The importance of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. 10 With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial
20、issue across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑 ) to murder, while others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders. The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty,
21、basically, is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway. In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been these extreme
22、 individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such as murder. But some are more extreme than others. For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the sty
23、le of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be argued with some conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer. The value of the death penalty
24、as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the overwhelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently impo
25、sed in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100 000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been imposed only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10. 4 murders for each 100 000 population. The sharp climb in the states murder rate, which began when exe
26、cutions stopped, is no coincidence. It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed (否决 ) , innocent people will be murdered some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally
27、a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected. 11 The principal purpose of this passage is to_. （ A） criticize the government （ B） argue for the value of the death penalty （ C） speak for the majority （ D） initiate a veto 12 The passage attempts to establish a re
28、lationship between_. （ A） the importance of equal rights and that of the death penalty （ B） executions and murders （ C） the murder rate and the imposition of the death penalty （ D） the effects of execution and the effects of isolation 13 The authors response to those who urge the death penalty for a
29、ll degrees of murder would most likely be_. （ A） supportive （ B） hostile （ C） negative （ D） friendly 14 In the passage the author is primarily concerned with_. （ A） supporting a proposition （ B） describing an event （ C） analyzing a problem objectively （ D） settling a dispute 15 It can be inferred th
30、at the author thinks that_. （ A） the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importance （ B） the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated （ C） the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States today （ D） the second type murde
31、rers (in Paragraph 4) should be sentenced to death 15 We are all naturally attracted to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own. Similarly, we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar to ours. You may have noticed how people who live or work closely together come to
32、 behave in a similar way. Unconsciously we copy those we are close to or love or admire. So a sportsmans individual way of walking with raised shoulders is imitated by an admiring fan; a pair of lovers both shake their heads in the same way; an employee finds himself duplicating (模仿，复制 ) his bosss h
33、abit of wagging a pen between his fingers while thinking. In every case, the influential person may not consciously notice the imitation, but he will feel comfortable in its presence. And if he does notice the matching of his gestures or movements, he finds it pleasing he is influencing people: they
34、 are drawn to him. Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection and respect in this way without being aware of their methods. Now, for people who want to win agreement or trust, affection or sympathy, some psychologists recommend the del
35、iberate use of physical mirroring. The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customers movements, tilting (倾斜 ) her head in the same way to judge a color match, or folding her arms a few seconds after the customer, as though consciously attracted by her. The customer feels that the saleswoman is in symp
36、athy with her, and understands her needs a promising relationship for a sale to take place. The clever lawyer, trying in a law-court to influence a judge, imitates the great mans shrugging of his shoulders, the tone of his voice and the rhythm of his speech. Of course, physical mirroring must be sub
37、tle. If you blink (眨眼 ) every time your target blinks, or bite your bottom lip every time he does, your mirroring has become mockery (嘲笑 , 讥讽 ) and you can expect trouble. So, if you cant model sympathetically, dont play the game. 16 According to the passage, “physical mirroring“ (Line 4, Para. 4) m
38、eans_. （ A） the attraction to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own （ B） the comfortable feeling about people with physical qualities similar to ours （ C） the fact that people living or working closely together behave in a similar way （ D） the imitation of the gestures or movements o
39、f those we are close to, love or admire 17 Which of the following is NOT a deliberate use of physical mirroring according to the author? （ A） A saleswoman tilts her head after her customer to judge a colour match. （ B） A lawyer emulates (模仿 , 仿真 ) the tone of the judges voice and the rhythm of his s
40、peech. （ C） Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends all their lives. （ D） A naughty boy blinks every time the teacher blinks. 18 Which of the following is true? （ A） Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances because they want to win their affection and respect i
41、n this way. （ B） The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customers movements because she is unconsciously attracted by her. （ C） The lawyer who imitates the judge is trying to influence him. （ D） Physical mirroring is always flattering to those who are imitated. 19 Physical mirroring can cause trouble
42、 if_. （ A） the person mirrored finds that people are drawn to him （ B） the mirroring has become mockery （ C） the lawyer shrugs his shoulders the way the judge does （ D） it has been found to be deliberately used 20 The authors attitude towards physical mirroring will most probably be_. （ A） somehow c
43、ritical （ B） a little disliking （ C） quite objective （ D） very indifferent 20 Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultur-al pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the Civil War, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring i
44、n the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution. The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments and communications, making possible a
45、fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods. In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nations farmers the visible sign of a vast cons
46、piracy (阴谋 ,共谋 ) against them. In manufacturing, the transformation was marked by the emergence of jobber (批发商，做零工者 ), the wholesaler, and the mass retailer. And there appeared the new factory system which consisted of the changed organization and complexity of factories as well as the mass scale of
47、 the plants. These changes radically altered the nature of work during the half century between 1870 and 1920. To be sure, there were still small workshops, where skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures (配件，设备 ). There were the sweatshops i
48、n city tenements (廉价公寓 ), where groups of men and women in household settings manufactured clothing and cigars on a piecework basis. And there were factories in occupa-tions such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships (所有权 ) that coex
49、isted within a single building. But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2. 7 million in 1880 to 4. 5 million in 1900 to 8. 4 million in 1920, the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned, as did the size of the average plant. (The Baldwin Works had 600 employees in 1855, 3 000 in 1875, and 8 000 in 1900). By 1920, at least in the northeastern United States where most of the nations manufacturing wage earners were concentrated
